**5. Conclusions**

A maternal diet rich in fruits and vegetables during pregnancy may alter the infant gut microbiome. Higher maternal nutritional intake of fructose, dietary fiber, folic acid, and ascorbic acid was negatively associated with the abundance of unhealthy infant gut microbiomes, such as *Erysipelatoclostridium*, Betaproteobacteria, and Lachnospiraceae. Therefore, strategies should be applied for modifying the gut microbiome early in life through the promotion of a higher intake of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10. 3390/nu13051559/s1. Figure S1. Flowchart of participant recruitment; Figure S2. Alpha diversity of the infant gut microbiome according to maternal vegetable and fruit consumption during pregnancy; Figure S3. Variations in the infant gut microbiome are not explained by other potential confounders; Figure S4. Relationship of intake of food from specific food groups to the abundance of specific gut microbiome.

**Author Contributions:** H.-Y.F. contributed to hypothesis generation, data interpretation, and manuscript writing; Y.-T.T. contributed to data collection, data interpretation and manuscript writing; Y.-C.C. reviewed the study design and data collection and interpretation, supervised the study, and critically revised the manuscript for essential intellectual content. Y.-C.S.H.Y.; J.B.H.; C.-Y.L.; T.-H.C.; E.C.-Y.S.; R.-H.H. assisted in the data collection, statistical analysis, and manuscript review. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was supported by the Taipei Medical University Hospital (108TMU-TMUH-01; 109TMU-TMUH-01) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (109-2314-B-038-057, 109-2314-B-038-058).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The Taipei Mother–Infant Nutrition Cohort Study was approved by the Joint Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University (N201811050).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

**Acknowledgments:** We thank the Translational Laboratory, and the Department of Medical Research from Taipei Medical University Hospital for providing support in the preparation of gut microbiota samples. The authors would like to acknowledge the technologic and analysis support provided by TMU (Taipei Medical University) Core Laboratory of Human Microbiome.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors have no competing interests to declare. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
