*3.1. Demographic Characteristics*

As presented in Table 1, the percentage intake of vegetables (*p* < 0.001) and fruits (*p* = 0.08) differed significantly between the groups, whereas that of dairy, grain, meat, and fat did not differ significantly between groups (all *p* > 0.05). Other potential confounders, such as gestational age (preterm birth or not), excess gestational weight gain, mode of delivery, and breastfeeding or formula feeding, were also not significantly different (all *p* > 0.05).

**Table 1.** Characteristics of groups with high and low maternal consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy.



**Table 1.** *Cont.*

\* High consumption was defined as <sup>≥</sup>1 cup of fruits or vegetables per day. † One cup = 240 mL; tbsp = tablespoon (5 mL). \* High consumption was defined as ≥1 cup of fruits or vegetables per day. †One cup = 240 mL; tbsp = tablespoon (5 mL).

### *3.2. Variation of Maternal Nutrient Intake 3.2. Variation of Maternal Nutrient Intake*

Maternal nutrient intake (macronutrients and micronutrients) in the high and low vegetable and fruit consumption groups during pregnancy is presented in Figure 1. The mothers with high fruit and vegetable consumption had a significantly higher intake of macronutrients (glucose, fructose, and dietary fiber), vitamins (folic acid and ascorbic acid), and minerals (potassium) than mothers with low fruit and vegetable consumption. Maternal nutrient intake (macronutrients and micronutrients) in the high and low vegetable and fruit consumption groups during pregnancy is presented in Figure 1. The mothers with high fruit and vegetable consumption had a significantly higher intake of macronutrients (glucose, fructose, and dietary fiber), vitamins (folic acid and ascorbic acid), and minerals (potassium) than mothers with low fruit and vegetable consumption.

**Figure 1.** Maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy according to vegetable and fruit consumption. High, high maternal consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy; Low, low maternal consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy. **Figure 1.** Maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy according to vegetable and fruit consumption. High, high maternal consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy; Low, low maternal consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy.

### *3.3. Variation of Infant Gut Microbiome 3.3. Variation of Infant Gut Microbiome*

High or low maternal consumption of vegetables or fruits during pregnancy did not affect the alpha diversity of the infant's gut microbiome (Figure S2). To establish the effect of maternal fruit and vegetable intake during pregnancy on the infant's gut microbiome High or low maternal consumption of vegetables or fruits during pregnancy did not affect the alpha diversity of the infant's gut microbiome (Figure S2). To establish

composition, we conducted Illumina-generated 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing from 39 samples. The PCoA based on unweighted UniFrac distances revealed that the microbiome

and vegetables gestation was high or low (Figure 2A). However, other potential confounders, such as maternal age, maternal education level, family income, gestational age, excess gestational weight gain, delivery mode, antepartum antibiotics, group B *Streptococcus* positivity, sex of the infant, and breastfeeding did not affect the infant gut microbiome (Figure S3). As shown in Figure 2B, LEfSe revealed that the counts of Propionibacteriales,

the effect of maternal fruit and vegetable intake during pregnancy on the infant's gut microbiome composition, we conducted Illumina-generated 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing from 39 samples. The PCoA based on unweighted UniFrac distances revealed that the microbiome of 2-month-old infants varied depending on whether the maternal consumption of fruits and vegetables gestation was high or low (Figure 2A). However, other potential confounders, such as maternal age, maternal education level, family income, gestational age, excess gestational weight gain, delivery mode, antepartum antibiotics, group B *Streptococcus* positivity, sex of the infant, and breastfeeding did not affect the infant gut microbiome (Figure S3). As shown in Figure 2B, LEfSe revealed that the counts of Propionibacteriales, Propionibacteriaceae, *Cutibacterium*, Tannerellaceae, *Parabacteroides*, and *Lactococcus* were higher in the microbiome of 2-month-old infants with high maternal vegetable and fruit consumption. However, the counts of *Prevotella\_2*, *Prevotella\_9*, *Isobaculum*, Clostridia, Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, *Hungatella*, *Lachnoclostridium*, Ruminococcaceae, *Flavonifractor*, *Erysipelatoclostridium*, Acidaminococcaceae, *Phascolarctobacterium*, *Megamonas*, Betaproteobacteriales, Burkholderiaceae, and Sutterella were higher in the microbiome of 2-months-old infants with low maternal fruit and vegetable consumption.
