*4.13. Statistical Analyses*

All data were expressed as mean ± SD of at least three individual experiments. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistical 24 Software. Comparisons between groups were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan's range tests. A normality test showed that all raw data displayed a normal distribution, while a variance test indicated that all groups exhibited equal variance. *p* < 0.05 (two-sided) was regarded as significant (\*, *p* < 0.05; \*\*, *p* < 0.01).
