*4.1. Materials*

AST was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) (lot no. F2030151). EPR was manufactured by Jiangsu Lianhuan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (Jiangsu, China) (lot no. 20191002). Testosterone propionate was provided by Ningbo Second Hormone Factory (Ningbo, China) (lot no. 2003071). The SOD assay kit was obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China) (lot no. 20210515). The T and DHT assay kits were purchased from Cusabio Biotech Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China) (lot nos. C0307110304 and C0307100303).
