**Numerical Modelling of Ballistic Impact Response at Low Velocity in Aramid Fabrics**

#### **Norberto Feito 1,\* , José Antonio Loya <sup>2</sup> , Ana Muñoz-Sánchez <sup>3</sup> and Raj Das <sup>4</sup>**


Received: 4 June 2019; Accepted: 22 June 2019; Published: 28 June 2019

**Abstract:** In this study, the effect of the impact angle of a projectile during low-velocity impact on Kevlar fabrics has been investigated using a simplified numerical model. The implementation of mesoscale models is complex and usually involves long computation time, in contrast to the practical industry needs to obtain accurate results rapidly. In addition, when the simulation includes more than one layer of composite ply, the computational time increases even in the case of hybrid models. With the goal of providing useful and rapid prediction tools to the industry, a simplified model has been developed in this work. The model offers an advantage in the reduced computational time compared to a full 3D model (around a 90% faster). The proposed model has been validated against equivalent experimental and numerical results reported in the literature with acceptable deviations and accuracies for design requirements. The proposed numerical model allows the study of the influence of the geometry on the impact response of the composite. Finally, after a parametric study related to the number of layers and angle of impact, using a response surface methodology, a mechanistic model and a surface diagram have been presented in order to help with the calculation of the ballistic limit.

**Keywords:** aramid; impact; computational techniques; finite elements; mechanical analysis
