4.2.3. Social Learning Rate (Global Learning Coefficient—c2)

PSO starts with the random initialization in the search space of a population (swarm) of individuals (particles) and operates on the particles' social behavior in the swarm. Consequently, it finds the best global solution by simply adjusting each individual's trajectory to their own best location and to the best swarm particle in each phase (generation). Nevertheless, the trajectory of each particle in the search space is modified according to their own flying experience and the flying experience of the other particles in the search space by dynamically altering the velocity of each particle.
