2.1.2. Materials

We used a set of video scenes designed to show target objects used in either a typical or atypical context. For example, a scene in which a man takes a photo with a camera shows a camera being used in a typical context; a scene in which a man digs with a camera shows a camera being used in an atypical context (Figure 1). Typical scenarios are expected to elicit gestures for typical actions ('take picture with camera'), and thus more verb-like productions. Atypical scenes are expected to elicit gestures related to the target object ('camera'), and are thus more noun-like productions. We selected a set of 24 vignettes, showing 12 objects used in typical contexts and 12 used in atypical contexts. The video scenes we used were a subset of those used in the study reported by Abner et al. (2019), for which objects were selected that would be familiar to participants in the United States and in Nicaragua and which would elicit different types of movements. The subset of vignettes was selected such that each type of atypical use (e.g., drop in bin, drop in water glass) was used with at least 2 objects2.

**Figure 1.** Example of scenes used in the study. (**Left**) a typical-use scene showing a person taking a photo with a camera. (**Right**) an atypical-use scene, showing a person digging with a camera.

Participants completed the experiment in individual experiment booths for the duration of the experiment. The experiment was run on an Apple Thunderbolt monitor, attached to an Apple Macbook Air laptop. Video recording was done using a Logitech webcam, also attached to the laptop, and the experiment ran using Psychopy (Peirce 2007). Video streaming and recording used VideoBox, custom software designed to enable streaming and recording between networked computers (Kirby 2016).
