*4.4. Gene Expression Analysis*

Total RNA was extracted from the frozen samples using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer0 s instructions and treated with DNase I (TaKaRa, Tokyo, Japan) to remove genomic DNA contamination. Then, for each sample, the first-strand cDNA was synthesized using a PrimeScript™ RT Reagent Kit (TaKaRa). The expression profiles of PheDof12-1 in

different tissues, abiotic stress, and photoperiod treatments were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). *TIP41* and *NTB* were used as internal housekeeping genes [56]. The qRT-PCR reactions were carried out using a Light Cycler 480 System (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and a SYBR Premix EX TaqTMkit (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). All reactions were performed in triplicate, both technical and biological, and data were analyzed using the Roche manager software. The primer sequences are listed in Supplementary Table S1.
