*4.2. Pasmo Resistance Data*

All flax accessions were assessed for PS in the same pasmo nursery from 2012 to 2016 at the Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Morden, Manitoba, Canada [4]. A type-2 modified augmented design (MAD2) [59,60] was used for the field trials [3]. Accessions were seeded during the second or third week of May every year. Approximately 200 g of pasmo-infested chopped straw from the previous growing season was spread between rows as inoculum when plants were approximately 30-cm tall. A misting system was operated for 5 min every half hour for 4 weeks, except on rainy days, to ensure conidia dispersal and disease infection and development. Field assessments were conducted at the early (P1) and late flowering stages (P2, 7–10 days after P1), the green boll stage (P3, 7–10 days after P2) and the early brown boll stage (P4, 7–10 days after P3). In 2014 and 2015, only the first three field assessments were conducted because early maturity of the plants did not allow for a fourth rating. The PS observed at green boll stage or

maturity was used for GP as previously described [4]. PS was assessed on leaves and stems of all plants in a single row plot using a 0–9 scale (0 = no sign of infection and 9 = > 90% leaf and stem area infected) [4]. Six sets of PS, including five individual year datasets and the 5-year average, were used for GP modelling. The function "chart.Correlation" of the R package PerformanceAnalytics (v1.5.2, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PerformanceAnalytics/index.html) was used to analyse correlations between different PS datasets and draw histograms and scatter plots.
