**Computational and Experimental Tools to Monitor the Changes in Translation Efficiency of Plant mRNA on a Genome-Wide Scale: Advantages, Limitations, and Solutions**

**Irina V. Goldenkova-Pavlova 1,\*, Olga S. Pavlenko <sup>1</sup> , Orkhan N. Mustafaev <sup>2</sup> , Igor V. Deyneko <sup>1</sup> , Ksenya V. Kabardaeva <sup>1</sup> and Alexander A. Tyurin <sup>1</sup>**


Received: 27 November 2018; Accepted: 19 December 2018; Published: 21 December 2018

**Abstract:** The control of translation in the course of gene expression regulation plays a crucial role in plants' cellular events and, particularly, in responses to environmental factors. The paradox of the great variance between levels of mRNAs and their protein products in eukaryotic cells, including plants, requires thorough investigation of the regulatory mechanisms of translation. A wide and amazingly complex network of mechanisms decoding the plant genome into proteome challenges researchers to design new methods for genome-wide analysis of translational control, develop computational algorithms detecting regulatory mRNA contexts, and to establish rules underlying differential translation. The aims of this review are to (i) describe the experimental approaches for investigation of differential translation in plants on a genome-wide scale; (ii) summarize the current data on computational algorithms for detection of specific structure–function features and key determinants in plant mRNAs and their correlation with translation efficiency; (iii) highlight the methods for experimental verification of existed and theoretically predicted features within plant mRNAs important for their differential translation; and finally (iv) to discuss the perspectives of discovering the specific structural features of plant mRNA that mediate differential translation control by the combination of computational and experimental approaches.

**Keywords:** regulation and efficiency of translation; genome-wide scale; experimental approaches; computational algorithms; features of plant mRNAs
