*2.1. Evaluation of Pasmo Resistance*

PS ratings at green boll stage or maturity across five consecutive years were similar but on average PS ratings in 2014 and 2016 were higher than those in other years (Table 1). They had single peak distributions but skewed towards high PS ratings except for those in 2014 (Figure 1). Scatter plots of PS ratings between years indicated strong genotype × year interaction even though statistically significant correlations of PS ratings between years were observed (Figure 1), as shown in the variance analysis results in the previous study [4]. However, the Pearson correlations of 5-year averages of PS ratings (PS-mean) with those in individual years (*r* = 0.72–0.83) were much higher than the Pearson correlations between individual years (*r* = 0.31–0.62) (Figure 1), implying that the mean PS ratings over multiple years or environments were a more suitable data set than individual year's data sets for model construction of genomic prediction.


**Table 1.** Pasmo severity of 370 flax accessions across five years in the field condition.

*x*: average pasmo severity across five years; *s*: standard deviation; *CV*: coefficient of variation.
