*Article* **Maize WRKY Transcription Factor ZmWRKY106 Confers Drought and Heat Tolerance in Transgenic Plants**

**Chang-Tao Wang 1,†, Jing-Na Ru 2,†, Yong-Wei Liu <sup>3</sup> , Meng Li <sup>1</sup> , Dan Zhao <sup>1</sup> , Jun-Feng Yang <sup>4</sup> , Jin-Dong Fu 2,\* and Zhao-Shi Xu 2,\***


Received: 12 September 2018; Accepted: 1 October 2018; Published: 6 October 2018

**Abstract:** WRKY transcription factors constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, and play crucial roles in plant growth and development, defense regulation and stress responses. However, knowledge about this family in maize is limited. In the present study, we identified a drought-induced WRKY gene, *ZmWRKY106*, based on the maize drought *de novo* transcriptome sequencing data. ZmWRKY106 was identified as part of the WRKYII group, and a phylogenetic tree analysis showed that ZmWRKY106 was closer to OsWRKY13. The subcellular localization of ZmWRKY106 was only observed in the nucleus. The promoter region of *ZmWRKY106* included the C-repeat/dehydration responsive element (DRE), low-temperature responsive element (LTR), MBS, and TCA-elements, which possibly participate in drought, cold, and salicylic acid (SA) stress responses. The expression of *ZmWRKY106* was induced significantly by drought, high temperature, and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), but was weakly induced by salt. Overexpression of *ZmWRKY106* improved the tolerance to drought and heat in transgenic *Arabidopsis* by regulating stress-related genes through the ABA-signaling pathway, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in transgenic lines was reduced by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxide dismutase (POD), and catalase (CAT) under drought stress. This suggested that *ZmWRKY106* was involved in multiple abiotic stress response pathways and acted as a positive factor under drought and heat stress.

**Keywords:** WRKY; ZmWRKY106; drought tolerance; thermotolerance; maize
