4.6.4. Resource Limitations

If necessary resources in WSN and IoT are abandoned or not handled efficiently, it may affect the performance of the network. The network consists of many nodes and sensors that require energy to operate well [86]. Various MAC layer protocols have been developed to reduce the energy consumption of sensors or nodes. These energy-efficient algorithms work primarily by regulating the synchronization of network traffic over time and the time period during which a node becomes active in a network [87,88]. In contrast, the communication medium is another basic requirement, since nodes rely on the Internet for data transmission. There is a constant need for energy, otherwise the network will fail. The nodes have limited resources because battery capacity, correspondence capacity, and computing power are low. Again, security is the main problem, because the security measurement expenses require more resources to maintain the speed of the network, which is not affordable. As a result of low regulated security, attacks can subvert software execution and protocols used in the network [89,90].

### 4.6.5. Quality of Service

Quality of Service (QoS) manages networks and resources to strengthen IoT connectivity. QoS manages delay, jitter, reliability, and bandwidth by classifying network traffic. It plays an important role in optimizing systems. Quality of Service means that energy efficiency, reliability, bit error rate, and latency should be good enough to capture data over a network. Therefore, it is classified in two ways: program-specific and networkspecific. The QoS perspective of the network refers to the effective managemen<sup>t</sup> of network resources and transmission performance, while the perspective of the program refers to mobility, time synchronization, and sampling parameters. Similarly, many algorithms have been developed to distribute heavy traffic evenly, and the energy consumption load in a network uses a cluster-head approach to achieve high performance and efficiency [91].
