*2.4. Consumer*

Consumer is the main stakeholder for which the smart grid is designed. Consumers can schedule energy consumption, generate green energy for themselves, and store energy for future purposes [34]. Consumers can control their appliances' function and information flows, such as home automation, home energy managemen<sup>t</sup> system, and industrial automation system [24].

### *2.5. Advanced Smart Home Applications*

To upgrade the functionality of conventional grids, smart grids have introduced various new applications in smart homes, e.g., energy generation and storage and demand response. Smart grids have enabled the consumer to control their electricity bill. Other benefits that smart home applications have provided are scheduling power usage during the on/off peak hours, they can demand extra energy from the grid in advance, and, if required, they can also feed any green energy generated back to the national grid.
