*4.3. Metabolism*

The cytochrome P450 superfamily comprises phase I enzymes, which are in charge of the biotransformation of compounds to reduce their toxicity and increase their polarity, which in turn facilitates the elimination of the drug from the system. Meanwhile, phase-IImediated enzymes are involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotic metabolites that are the products of phase I metabolism. Notably, phase II detoxification enzymes are crucially involved in promoting drug conjugation and antioxidant reactions [3]. PTS is predominantly cleared through the phase-II-drug-metabolizing pathway by glucuronidation and sulfation [3]. The involvement of this metabolizing pathway is supported by increased concentrations of glucuronide and sulfate PTS conjugates in the systemic circulation when compared to its parent compound form [4].
