*2.2. Plant Sample Collection and Identification*

The seeds of *M. pruriens* were purchased from a local market in Kanchanaburi province and kindly provided by *Chao-Phraya Abhaibhubejhr* Hospital *Foundation*. The plant materials were compared with the authentic specimens at the Bangkok Herbarium (BK), Botany Section, Botany and Weed Science Division, Department of Agriculture. The voucher specimen (RSU-MP-KP01) was kept in the Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University for future reference.
