**1. Obesity and Aging: Two Major Healthcare Challenges to Solve**

The population of elderly people is expanding worldwide with the older adults aged between 65–80 years being the fastest-growing portion, thanks to improvements in healthcare management which allows for increasing life expectancy [1]. Associated with this increase in lifespan, a global obesity epidemic is spreading due to life changes such as inactivity and high-calorie diets, favoring the growth of non-communicable diseases. Obesity and aging are together key risk factors for the development and progression of several chronic/non-communicable diseases (metabolic syndrome, Insulin Resistance (IR), Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) [2–7], sarcopenia [8,9], and frailty [10]. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines metabolic syndrome as a pathologic condition characterized by obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2), IR, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia [11]). T2D is IR associated with decreased insulin secretion by the pancreas. [12]. Frailty is a clinical syndrome in elderly people comprising an increased risk for poor health outcomes, falls, incident disability, hospitalization, and mortality [13].
