**5. Conclusions**

Long-term use of synthetic L-dopa can cause serious side effects such as dyskinesia and abnormal involuntary movement. A search for more effective treatment with lower side effects is significant for improving the quality of life of Parkinson's patients taking this drug. In this study, we reported the dual effects of *M. pruriens* seed extract on neuroprotective effect and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity at specific doses. Our findings suggested that *M. pruriens* seed extract is an attractive candidate for neuroprotection and preventing dyskinesia induced by cholinergic neuronal excitability in dopaminergic-depleted striatum.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, N.K. and C.C.; methodology, N.K., C.C., S.T. and S.V.; formal analysis, C.C., S.T. and W.P.; investigation, N.K., C.C., S.T. and S.V.; resources, N.K., S.O. and P.K.; writing—original draft preparation, N.K., C.C. and S.T.; writing—review and editing, N.K., C.C., S.T., S.V., W.P., S.O. and P.K.; funding acquisition, N.K., C.C. and S.O. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by Chaophraya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital and Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization) grant number CRP6405030460. The APC was funded by Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors are grateful to Chaophraya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital for funding the research. The authors acknowledge financial support from Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization) (Grant No. CRP6405030460).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
