**4. Conclusions**

In the present study, phytochemical and pharmacological investigations were conducted on an innovative formulation of PollenAid Plus Soft Gel capsules, which contain phenolic compounds with well-established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The relative instability shown by the colorimetric analyses performed at nine months of storage on the mixture used to fill the soft capsules, probably due to a carotenoid bleaching, indicates the importance of protecting the obtained mixture. For this reason, the formulation is contained in amber soft gel capsules. This formulation also covers the unappealing dark brown color of the mixture.

For the other analyses and to perform the biological assays, a hydroalcoholic extract was prepared from this commercial formulation and tested in the experimental paradigm. In this regard, the extract was rich in phenolic compounds, with 3-hydroxytyrosol, catechin, gentisic acid, and chlorogenic acid being the prominent phytochemicals. In in vitro models constituted by prostate and ovary cancer cells, the extract altered cell viability only at the highest concentration, with a slight reduction that cannot be considered toxic because it was <30% compared to the control treated group. However, in isolated prostate and ovary specimens exposed to LPS, the extract displayed significant reduction of IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression, which demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects. In the same ex vivo models, the extract was effective in restoring the mRNA levels of both SOD and CAT, which are deeply involved in the endogenous antioxidant mechanism. Lastly, an in silico study predicted the putative targets of the main phytochemicals present in the extracts. Particularly, catechin was predicted to be the main phenolic compound influencing the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract, whereas 3-hydroxytyrosol, chlorogenic acid, and gentisic acid could be the main phytochemicals responsible for the slight reduction of cell viability induced by the extract, at the highest tested concentration. Overall, the present findings demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of this formulation in both prostate and tissue; thus, suggesting its capability in the management of the inflammatory component of both bacterial prostatitis and PID. Intriguingly, docking runs suggest the TRPV1 as a putative target, and the predicted micromolar interactions between catechin and chlorogenic acid towards this receptor support future studies for a better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/molecules27196279/s1, Table S1: Quantitative analysis of the extract.

**Author Contributions:** C.F., L.M., G.O., S.C. and G.Z.: methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, revision, funding. A.A., A.C., L.R., S.C., S.C.D.S., S.L., I.V., C.C. and M.L.L.: methodology, formal analysis, investigation. L.B.: visualization, supervision, revision. N.: investigation. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The datasets generated and analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

**Acknowledgments:** The present study is also part of the third mission activities of the Botanic Garden "Giardino dei Semplici" of "G. d'Annunzio" University. The authors gratefully acknowledge Idipharma, Catania (Italy) for the donation of the formulation used in the present study.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

**Sample Availability:** Samples of the compounds are available from the authors.
