**4. Pharmacokinetics**

PTS is often consumed in berries, grapes, nuts, and wine. In the form of a dietary polyphenol, PTS has exhibited safety at a high dose of 3 g/kg body weight for 28 days, not leading to any toxicity in mice [23]. Indeed, PTS was found to exhibit dose-dependent pharmacokinetics. An increased intravenous dose (25 mg/kg) reduced the elimination of PTS and was associated with almost twice the rate of reduced clearance due to the saturation of PTS metabolism [24]. When administrating PTS through the oral route, escalating the dosage from 15 mg/kg to 30 or 60 mg/kg doubled the bioavailability (F) and prolonged the mean residence time. This trend is attributed to the absorption and limited elimination of the compound [25]. At a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, rapid absorption and moderate bioavailability were observed with the sublingual administration of PTS [25].
