Journal Description
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed with Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Engineering, Marine) / CiteScore - Q2 (Civil and Structural Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 16.9 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.7 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.8 (2023)
Latest Articles
A Method for Predicting High-Resolution 3D Variations in Temperature and Salinity Fields Using Multi-Source Ocean Data
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1396; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081396 - 14 Aug 2024
Abstract
High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) variations in ocean temperature and salinity fields are of great significance for ocean environment monitoring. Currently, AI-based 3D temperature and salinity field predictions rely on expensive 3D data, and as the prediction period increases, the stacking of high-resolution 3D data
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High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) variations in ocean temperature and salinity fields are of great significance for ocean environment monitoring. Currently, AI-based 3D temperature and salinity field predictions rely on expensive 3D data, and as the prediction period increases, the stacking of high-resolution 3D data greatly increases the difficulty of model training. This paper transforms the prediction of 3D temperature and salinity into the prediction of sea surface elements and the inversion of subsurface temperature and salinity using sea surface elements, by leveraging the relationship between sea surface factors and subsurface temperature and salinity. This method comprehensively utilizes multi-source ocean data to avoid the issue of data volume caused by stacking high-resolution historical data. Specifically, the model first utilizes 1/4° low-resolution satellite remote sensing data to construct prediction models for sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly (SLA), and then uses 1/12° high-resolution temperature and salinity data as labels to build an inversion model of subsurface temperature and salinity based on SST and SLA. The prediction model and inversion model are integrated to obtain the final high-resolution 3D temperature and salinity prediction model. Experimental results show that the 20-day prediction results in the two sea areas of the coastal waters of China and the Northwest Pacific show good performance, accurately predicting ocean temperature and salinity in the vast majority of layers, and demonstrate higher resource utilization efficiency.
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(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)
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Open AccessArticle
Spatio-Temporal Compressive Behaviors of River Pebble Concrete and Sea Pebble Concrete in Island Offshore Engineering
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Yuan Yuan, Yian Zhao, Xiaotian Feng, Yanhua Lei and Wenbing Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1395; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081395 - 14 Aug 2024
Abstract
Obtaining river or sea pebbles from local resources for concrete production is considered an economical and eco-friendly alternative, particularly in marine and island-offshore engineering. However, the resulting changes in the mechanical properties of these concrete have attracted attention. This study investigates the compressive
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Obtaining river or sea pebbles from local resources for concrete production is considered an economical and eco-friendly alternative, particularly in marine and island-offshore engineering. However, the resulting changes in the mechanical properties of these concrete have attracted attention. This study investigates the compressive behavior of concretes where river or sea pebbles partially (i.e., 33% and 67%) or fully (i.e., 100%) replace traditional gravel as coarse aggregate, using a noncontact full-field deformation measurement system based on digital image correlation (DIC). Compared to the traditional gravel concrete (GC), compressive strengths of the river pebble concrete (RPC) at constitution rates of 33%, 67%, and 100% decreased by 6.5%, 29.8%, and 38.9% while those values of the sea pebble concrete (SPC) decreased by 13.1%, 32.7%, and 44.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, SPC exhibited slightly lower compressive strength than RPC. The peak strains of both SPC and RPC decreased at lower substitution rates, although their stress-strain curves resembled those of GC. In contrast, RPC and SPC at higher substitution rates exhibited a noticeable stage of load hardening. Full-field deformation data and interfacial characteristics indicated that the compressive failure modes of both RPC and SPC showed significant interfacial slipping between pebbles and mortar with increasing coarse aggregate substitution rates. In comparison, fractures in coarse aggregate and mortar were observed in damaged GC. The study demonstrated that the spatio-temporal compressive deformation response and failure modes of SPC and RPC were distinct due to the introduction of pebbles, providing insights for engineering applications of river/sea pebble concrete in practical offshore or island construction projects.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Marine Geotechnical Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Design and Principles Analysis of Hydrofoil Appendages for Reducing Resistance of High-Speed Ships
by
Qian Chen, Zhihua Liu, Wentao Liu and Gangquan Zhao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1394; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081394 - 14 Aug 2024
Abstract
To reduce the resistance of high-speed displacement ships with Froude numbers (Fr) between 0.4 and 0.5, this paper proposes the installation of hydrofoils at the bow and stern of the ship. Firstly, starting from the bow wave, this paper proposes the
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To reduce the resistance of high-speed displacement ships with Froude numbers (Fr) between 0.4 and 0.5, this paper proposes the installation of hydrofoils at the bow and stern of the ship. Firstly, starting from the bow wave, this paper proposes the installation of a flat plate appendage at the free surface of the ship’s bow to suppress the height of the bow wave and thus reduce the hull resistance. Taking the DTMB 5415 ship model as the research object, CFD calculation results show that installing a flat plate appendage at the free surface of the ship’s bow can effectively suppress the height of the bow wave, and the total resistance reduction ratio can reach 6.49% when Fr = 0.45. Then, the flat plate appendage was improved to a hydrofoil appendage, further reducing the hull resistance. As a result, the total resistance reduction rate can reach 9.15% at Fr = 0.45. Following this, hydrofoil appendages were installed simultaneously at the bow and stern. The drag reduction effect and mechanism were studied, and the results show that the hydrofoils at the bow and stern have a good drag reduction effect. Suppressing the bow and stern waves and improving the flow field are the main reasons for the drag reduction. Finally, the drag reduction effect of the hydrofoil appendages was verified through experiments, demonstrating its excellent drag reduction effect when Fr = 0.4–0.5 and a maximum total resistance reduction ratio of 14.552%.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Dynamic Analysis of Crane Vessel and Floating Wind Turbine during Temporary Berthing for Offshore On-Site Maintenance Operations
by
Jinkun Shi, Mingfeng Hu, Yifan Zhang, Xiaodong Chen, Sheng Yang, Thiago S. Hallak and Mingsheng Chen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081393 - 14 Aug 2024
Abstract
With the increased scale and deployment of floating wind turbines in deep sea environments, jack-up installation vessels are unable to conduct maintenance operations due to limitations in water depth. This has led to the recognition of the advantages of floating cranes in offshore
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With the increased scale and deployment of floating wind turbines in deep sea environments, jack-up installation vessels are unable to conduct maintenance operations due to limitations in water depth. This has led to the recognition of the advantages of floating cranes in offshore maintenance activities. However, the dynamic coupling between the crane and the floating wind turbine under wave and wind action can result in complex responses, which also relate to complex mooring configurations. The ability to maintain stability during maintenance operations has become a primary concern. In order to address this issue, a method of connecting a floating crane with a floating wind turbine is proposed, simulating the berthing of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) to a crane. Thus, a systematic comparison was conducted with frequency- and time-domain simulation using ANSYS-AQWA software. The simulation results demonstrated the feasibility and dynamic efficiency of this novel berthing approach. Connecting the crane vessel to a floating wind turbine significantly reduced the crane tip movement. Simulations showed that the crane tip movement in the X-, Y-, and Z-directions was reduced by over 30%, which implies that it may be feasible to conduct offshore on-site maintenance operations for the FOWT by using floating crane vessels if the two bodies were properly constrained.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Development of Offshore Wind Technology)
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Open AccessArticle
Development of an Extensional Fault System and Its Control on Syn-Rift Sedimentation: Insights from 3D Seismic Interpretation of the Weixinan Depression, Northern South China Sea
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Jie He, Chunyu Qin, Yuantao Liao, Tao Jiang, Entao Liu, Si Chen and Hua Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1392; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081392 - 14 Aug 2024
Abstract
The impacts of the growth and linkage of fault segments on sedimentation in a lacustrine rift basin, the Weixinan Depression, the Beibuwan Basin, in the northern South China Sea, which has been demonstrated to have huge petroleum potential, are elucidated on the basis
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The impacts of the growth and linkage of fault segments on sedimentation in a lacustrine rift basin, the Weixinan Depression, the Beibuwan Basin, in the northern South China Sea, which has been demonstrated to have huge petroleum potential, are elucidated on the basis of well-constrained 3D seismic data. Two main fault systems, the No. 1 boundary fault system and the No. 2 fault system, were developed in the Weixinan Depression. The evolution of the lower basement is based on the No. 1 fault system, which controls the distribution of depocenters (ranging from 450–800 m) within the lower structural layer. It includes the five fault segments isolated at the initial stage, the interaction and propagation stage, the linkage stage, and the decline stage. The No. 2 fault system governs the deposition of the upper structural layer with a series of discrete depocenters in the hangingwall. Initially, it comprises several right-order echelon branching faults. Each branch fault rapidly reached the existing length and maintained a constant length while establishing soft links with each other in the subsequent displacement accrual. The development of topographic slopes, transition zones, transverse anticlines, and related fault troughs and gullies related to the activity of the No. 1 boundary fault system is the main controlling factor that induces the differential development of the western, middle, and eastern sections of steep slope fans. The differential subsidence effect along the No. 2 fault system is responsible for the multiple ‘rising-stable’ stage changes in the relative lake level during the development of axial delta deposits. This study will help elucidate the different controls of extensional fault systems on associated sedimentation, as well as rift basin development in the South China Sea and similar areas throughout the world.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments and Advances in Geological Oceanography and Ocean Observation in the Pacific Ocean and Its Marginal Basins)
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Open AccessArticle
Using the Bayes Probability Model to Evaluate the Risk of Accidents Caused by the Electronic Chart Display and Information System
by
Lea Vojković, Mario Bakota and Ana Kuzmanić Skelin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1391; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081391 - 14 Aug 2024
Abstract
The obligated implementation of the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) began ten years ago, and during this time, we could observe different types of familiarization with the system through its users. The incorrect use of the ECDIS is a problem recognized
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The obligated implementation of the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) began ten years ago, and during this time, we could observe different types of familiarization with the system through its users. The incorrect use of the ECDIS is a problem recognized by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), and it is caused by disparate levels of education and the quality of courses. Another aspect of the recognized problem is the unequal length of the ECDIS specific course training period through which users acquire type-specific familiarization with the system. Switching between different types of ECDISs makes users more prone to errors until they become fully familiar with the new product system. This paper analyzes seafarers’ knowledge and ECDIS usage over a 6-year period. Based on obtained data, models that enable risk analysis based on conditional probability were created. This paper presents the use of Bayesian modeling to reduce errors in maritime accidents caused by inadequate use of the ECDIS.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime Security and Risk Assessments—2nd Edition)
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Open AccessArticle
Experimental Investigation on the Impact of Sand Particle Size on the Jet Pump Wall Surface Erosion
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Heng Qian, Jian Liu, Maosen Xu, Chuanhao Fan and Zhenhua Duan
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1390; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081390 - 14 Aug 2024
Abstract
Silt removal is crucial for maintaining navigable waterways in harbors. Jet pumps, without moving parts, are highly suitable for underwater operations such as channel dredging in port environments. Despite their structural advantages in slurry handling, the prolonged transport of solid–liquid two-phase flows can
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Silt removal is crucial for maintaining navigable waterways in harbors. Jet pumps, without moving parts, are highly suitable for underwater operations such as channel dredging in port environments. Despite their structural advantages in slurry handling, the prolonged transport of solid–liquid two-phase flows can lead to wear on the wall materials, resulting in decreased efficiency and potential pump failure. The wear characteristics of the jet pump walls due to sand particles of varying grain sizes were experimentally investigated. The characteristic of the sands having a higher distribution above the axis as they enter the jet pump was captured by a high-speed camera. The experiment recorded the variations in mass loss at different sections of the jet pump over a period of 120 h, identifying that backflow within the throat region is a significant contributor to wall wear. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to examine the microstructure of the abraded pump surfaces. It was found that there are noticeable differences in the surface wear microstructure across various pump areas, and that particles of different grain sizes result in distinct wear patterns on the pump surfaces. The underlying causes of this phenomenon were discussed from the perspective of particle motion.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
A Wave Drift Force Model for Semi-Submersible Types of Floating Wind Turbines in Large Waves and Current
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Nuno Fonseca and Fatemeh H. Dadmarzi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1389; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081389 - 14 Aug 2024
Abstract
The correct prediction of slowly varying wave drift loads is important for the mooring analysis of floating wind turbines (FWTs). However, present design analysis tools fail to correctly predict these loads in conditions with current and moderate and large waves. This paper presents
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The correct prediction of slowly varying wave drift loads is important for the mooring analysis of floating wind turbines (FWTs). However, present design analysis tools fail to correctly predict these loads in conditions with current and moderate and large waves. This paper presents a semi-empirical method to correct zero-current potential-flow quadratic transfer functions (QTFs) of horizontal wave drift loads in conditions with current and moderate and large waves. The method is applicable to column-stabilized types of substructures or semi-submersibles. In the first step, the potential-flow QTF is corrected for potential-flow wave–current effects by applying a heuristic method. Second, the generalized Exwave formula corrects for viscous drift effects. Viscous drift effects become important for moderate and large waves. Conditions with current in the same direction as the waves increase the viscous drift contribution further. The method is validated by comparing QTF predictions with empirical QTFs identified from model test data for the INO Windmoor semi. While potential-flow QTFs agree well with the empirical data for small seastates without current, they underestimate the wave drift loads for moderate and large seastates. Conditions with current increase the underestimation. The semi-empirical correction method significantly improves predictions.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling Techniques for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines)
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Open AccessArticle
Hydrodynamic Analysis and Drag-Reduction Design of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics
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Xuecheng Li, Desheng Zhang, Ming Zhao, Xin Wang and Yu Shen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1388; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081388 - 13 Aug 2024
Abstract
In order to establish a proper geometry of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) for stable motion control and energy usage reduction, this paper analyzes the hydrodynamic performance of a complex shape underwater vehicle and develops a systematic Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation method
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In order to establish a proper geometry of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) for stable motion control and energy usage reduction, this paper analyzes the hydrodynamic performance of a complex shape underwater vehicle and develops a systematic Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation method to solve the hydrodynamic parameters of the system. Based on the simulation method and their results, the streamlines and pressure distributions of the water flow around the underwater vehicle are analyzed, and the geometric model design is improved based on the drag characteristics. Also, a comparison scheme is designed to evaluate the vehicle model before and after the geometry improvement. Simulation result shows that the design schemes brings 18% drag reductions in surge direction and 32% in heave direction. Moreover, by establishing the physical and mathematical models of the UUV on a physical simulation platform, a complete model of the underwater vehicle is constructed, laying the foundation for further simulations and experiments.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue CFD Applications in Ship and Offshore Hydrodynamics)
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Open AccessArticle
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Litopenaeus vannamei under Low-Salinity Stress
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Siyao Cao, Yundong Li, Song Jiang, Qibin Yang, Jianhua Huang, Lishi Yang, Jianzhi Shi, Shigui Jiang, Guoliang Wen and Falin Zhou
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1387; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081387 - 13 Aug 2024
Abstract
Salinity is a crucial environmental factor influencing the survival, growth, development, and reproduction of aquatic animals. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the shrimp’s response to salinity stress are not yet fully understood. Therefore, we used the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform to perform
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Salinity is a crucial environmental factor influencing the survival, growth, development, and reproduction of aquatic animals. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the shrimp’s response to salinity stress are not yet fully understood. Therefore, we used the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform to perform transcriptome sequencing of the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei under high-salinity (30 PSU), medium-salinity (10 PSU), and low-salinity (0.5 PSU) conditions. We obtained 63.23 Gb of high-quality data and identified 3589 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1638 upregulated and 1951 downregulated genes. Notably, a comparison between the control group (30 PSU) and the low-salinity group (0.5 PSU) revealed that the BBOX1 and CHE1 genes were significantly upregulated, while the ACOX1, MPV, CYP2L1, GCH, MVK, TREt1, and XDH genes were significantly downregulated. These genes are primarily involved in key metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol metabolism, and hormone synthesis and metabolism. The key genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, such as ACOX1, ACAD, HADH, HSD17B4, PECR, CROT, PIPOX, and CG5009, all showed a downward trend, suggesting that L. vannamei may respond to salt stress by regulating fatty acid oxidative metabolism, optimizing energy utilization, and maintaining cell homeostasis under low-salinity conditions. Functional annotation of gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis highlighted the roles of these significant DEGs in the adaptation of L. vannamei to environments of varying salinity, underscoring the importance of metabolic pathways in their adaptive physiological responses. This study provides a crucial molecular biological basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms and physiological protection strategies of L. vannamei under salinity stress.
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Open AccessArticle
Experimental Study of Negative Skin Friction of Pile Group Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines on Artificial Islands
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Yeyu Yan, Guoliang Dai, Zhiwei Chen, Tao Hu, Weiming Gong and Chenchen Shi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1386; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081386 - 13 Aug 2024
Abstract
Constructing offshore wind turbines on artificial islands is considered a viable option, but negative skin friction (NSF) is a significant adverse factor that cannot be ignored. The NSF adversely affects the bearing capacity of pile foundations. Currently, design methods for studying the impact
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Constructing offshore wind turbines on artificial islands is considered a viable option, but negative skin friction (NSF) is a significant adverse factor that cannot be ignored. The NSF adversely affects the bearing capacity of pile foundations. Currently, design methods for studying the impact of NSF group effects mainly rely on empirical approaches. Moreover, existing experimental studies do not simulate the NSF experienced by offshore wind turbine pile groups on artificial islands. In order to further explore the impact of pile group effects on NSF experienced by offshore wind turbine pile foundations on artificial islands, this study conducted indoor model tests on single piles and 3 × 3 rectangular pile groups in sandy soil under uniformly distributed loading on surrounding soil. The experiment measured the settlement of piles at various positions within single piles and rectangular pile groups, as well as the settlement of the soil surrounding the piles and the NSF. Through calculations, the experiment determined the neutral points and NSF group effect coefficients for each pile. The results indicate that densely spaced pile groups are advantageous in reducing settlement of the surrounding soil, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of NSF. Due to the influence of pile group effects, different positions within the group experience varying degrees of NSF. Consequently, in practical engineering applications, settlement of both the pile groups and the surrounding soil should be calculated separately. Furthermore, design considerations for the uplift forces and neutral points of piles at different positions within the pile group should adhere to distinct standards.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Renewable Energy: Construction and Maintenance of Offshore Wind Farms)
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Open AccessArticle
Numerical Simulation of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine in Wind and Waves Based on a Coupled CFD–FEA Approach
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Xuemin Song, Xueqing Bi, Weiqin Liu and Xiaoxuan Guo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1385; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081385 - 13 Aug 2024
Abstract
A floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) normally suffers from complex external load conditions. It is vital to accurately estimate these loads and the subsequent structural motion and deformation responses for the safety design of the FOWT throughout its service lifetime. To this end,
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A floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) normally suffers from complex external load conditions. It is vital to accurately estimate these loads and the subsequent structural motion and deformation responses for the safety design of the FOWT throughout its service lifetime. To this end, a coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA) approach is proposed, which is named the CFD–FEA coupled approach. For the CFD approach, the volume of fluid (VOF), the dynamic fluid–body interaction (DFBI), and overset with sliding meshes are used to capture the interface of the air and the water and to calculate wind/wave loads and the motion response of the FOWT. For the FEA approach, the explicit nonlinear dynamic finite element method is employed to evaluate structural deformation. The one-way coupling scheme is used to transfer the data from the CFD approach to the FEA approach. Using the NREL 5 MW FOWT with a catenary mooring system as the research object, a series of full-scale simulations with various wind speeds, wave heights, and wave directions are implemented. The simulation results provide a good insight into the effect of aero-hydrodynamics and fluid hydrodynamics loads on both the motion and deformation responses of the FOWT, which would contribute to improving its design.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Numerical Study and Optimization of Speed Control Unit for Submarine Natural Gas Pipeline Pig
by
Yuming Su, Lijian Yang, Hao Geng, Ping Huang, Fuyin Zheng, Wenxue Zheng and Pengfei Gao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1384; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081384 - 13 Aug 2024
Abstract
The speed control of a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) directly affects the quality of the comprehensive inspection of submarine pipelines. However, the mechanism of the gas flow behavior in a pipeline under the influence of a pig speed control valve is not well
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The speed control of a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) directly affects the quality of the comprehensive inspection of submarine pipelines. However, the mechanism of the gas flow behavior in a pipeline under the influence of a pig speed control valve is not well understood. In this study, the driving differential pressure of a pig was modeled based on the building block method and numerical simulations. For the first time, the influence of the pressure and flow rate of the gas in a pipeline on the torque of the speed control valve opening process was studied. The results show that when the opening angle of the speed control valve increased from 4.5° to 22°, the gas differential pressure reduced from 1325 to 73 kPa, realizing a 94.5% pressure reduction. In addition, the torque of the bypass valve increased from 7.7 to 2470 Nm during the closing process. The pressure and flow rate increases were directly correlated with increased torque. The established experimental system for torque measurement confirmed the numerical analysis results. By clarifying the law of torque variation, this study provides theoretical guidance for the structural design and control scheme of a pig speed control unit.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Underwater Image Enhancement Fusion Method Guided by Salient Region Detection
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Jiawei Yang, Hongwu Huang, Fanchao Lin, Xiujing Gao, Junjie Jin and Biwen Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1383; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081383 - 13 Aug 2024
Abstract
Exploring and monitoring underwater environments pose unique challenges due to water’s complex optical properties, which significantly impact image quality. Challenges like light absorption and scattering result in color distortion and decreased visibility. Traditional underwater image acquisition methods face these obstacles, highlighting the need
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Exploring and monitoring underwater environments pose unique challenges due to water’s complex optical properties, which significantly impact image quality. Challenges like light absorption and scattering result in color distortion and decreased visibility. Traditional underwater image acquisition methods face these obstacles, highlighting the need for advanced techniques to solve the image color shift and image detail loss caused by the underwater environment in the image enhancement process. This study proposes a salient region-guided underwater image enhancement fusion method to alleviate these problems. First, this study proposes an advanced dark channel prior method to reduce haze effects in underwater images, significantly improving visibility and detail. Subsequently, a comprehensive RGB color correction restores the underwater scene’s natural appearance. The innovation of our method is that it fuses through a combination of Laplacian and Gaussian pyramids, guided by salient region coefficients, thus preserving and accentuating the visually significant elements of the underwater environment. Comprehensive subjective and objective evaluations demonstrate our method’s superior performance in enhancing contrast, color depth, and overall visual quality compared to existing methods.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
A Novel Open Set Adaptation Network for Marine Machinery Fault Diagnosis
by
Yulong Su, Yu Guo, Jundong Zhang and Jun Shi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1382; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081382 - 13 Aug 2024
Abstract
Domain adaptation techniques have effectively tackled fault diagnosis under varying operational conditions. Many existing studies presume that machine health states remain consistent between training and testing data. However, in real-world scenarios, fault modes during testing are often unpredictable, introducing unknown faults that challenge
[...] Read more.
Domain adaptation techniques have effectively tackled fault diagnosis under varying operational conditions. Many existing studies presume that machine health states remain consistent between training and testing data. However, in real-world scenarios, fault modes during testing are often unpredictable, introducing unknown faults that challenge the effectiveness of domain adaptation-based fault diagnosis methods. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a Deep Open Set Domain Adaptation Network (DODAN). Firstly, a feature extraction module based on multi-scale depthwise separable convolutions is constructed for discriminative feature extraction. To improve the model’s adaptability, an adversarial training strategy is implemented to learn generalized features that are resilient to unknown domain shifts. Additionally, an outlier detection module is employed to determine the optimal decision boundaries for each class representation space, enabling the classification of known fault modes and the identification of unknown ones. Extensive diagnostic experiments on two marine machinery datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, ablation studies verify the efficacy of the proposed modules and strategies, highlighting significant potential for practical applications.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Novel Modeling for the Calculation of the Center of Lateral Resistance Position of Different Ships Making Use of a Full Mission Bridge Simulator and AI Tools
by
José M. Pérez-Canosa, Francisco Javier Lama-Carballo, Alsira Salgado-Don, Genaro Cao-Feijóo, Eliseo A. Pacheco and José A. Orosa
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1381; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081381 - 13 Aug 2024
Abstract
Ship maneuvering in ports is increasingly reduced because the increase in ship size is not proportional to the increase in port areas. Furthermore, the number of assisted vessels and the need for tugboats working in densely populated areas make it necessary to reduce
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Ship maneuvering in ports is increasingly reduced because the increase in ship size is not proportional to the increase in port areas. Furthermore, the number of assisted vessels and the need for tugboats working in densely populated areas make it necessary to reduce the number of involved tugboats, reducing pollution and costs. Therefore, shiphandlers must know, in addition to the pivot point, the center of lateral resistance under any circumstance to optimize the assistance from tugboats and improve maritime navigation. From the literature, it is evident that the practical determination of the center of lateral resistance is still unknown. This paper aims to propose novel mathematical models to identify the position of this point and the most important variables that determine its position. For that, data of different ships in different conditions were obtained from a full mission bridge simulator. Afterwards, 15 novel mathematical models were developed, making use of artificial intelligence tools and training neural networks. The high determination factor reached in some models shows the accuracy of the obtained models. One advantage of the presented models is that they are very easy to be applied by shiphandlers, because highly well-known parameters are involved. Moreover, original 3D charts showing the combination of the input variables were generated to identify the map of the whole process. The very simple new models obtained and the novel 3D charts shown in the present paper can be considered useful and applicable by the shiphandlers of most of the merchant fleet to improve the efficiency and safety of maritime navigation in increasingly restricted waters.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Prescribed-Time Trajectory Tracking Control for Unmanned Surface Vessels with Prescribed Performance Considering Marine Environmental Interferences and Unmodeled Dynamics
by
Bowen Sui, Yiping Liu, Jianqiang Zhang, Zhong Liu and Yuanyuan Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1380; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081380 - 12 Aug 2024
Abstract
This article investigates a prescribed-time trajectory tracking control strategy for USVs considering marine environmental interferences and unmodeled dynamics. Firstly, a fixed-time extended state observer is introduced to quickly and accurately observe the compound perturbations including ocean disturbances and unmodeled dynamics. Subsequently, a prescribed-time
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This article investigates a prescribed-time trajectory tracking control strategy for USVs considering marine environmental interferences and unmodeled dynamics. Firstly, a fixed-time extended state observer is introduced to quickly and accurately observe the compound perturbations including ocean disturbances and unmodeled dynamics. Subsequently, a prescribed-time prescribed performance function is utilized to obtain guaranteed transient performance within a predefined time. Finally, combining the fixed-time extended state observer, dynamic surface control technique, and prescribed-time prescribed performance control, a prescribed-time prescribed performance control strategy is developed to guarantee that the tracking errors converge to a predefined performance constraint boundary within a prescribed time. The effectiveness and superiority of the presented control strategy is verified by the simulation results.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Ship Detection in Synthetic Aperture Radar Images Based on BiLevel Spatial Attention and Deep Poly Kernel Network
by
Siyuan Tian, Guodong Jin, Jing Gao, Lining Tan, Yuanliang Xue, Yang Li and Yantong Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1379; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081379 - 12 Aug 2024
Abstract
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a technique widely used in the field of ship detection. However, due to the high ship density, fore-ground-background imbalance, and varying target sizes, achieving lightweight and high-precision multiscale ship object detection remains a significant challenge. In response to
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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a technique widely used in the field of ship detection. However, due to the high ship density, fore-ground-background imbalance, and varying target sizes, achieving lightweight and high-precision multiscale ship object detection remains a significant challenge. In response to these challenges, this research presents YOLO-MSD, a multiscale SAR ship detection method. Firstly, we propose a Deep Poly Kernel Backbone Network (DPK-Net) that utilizes the Optimized Convolution (OC) Module to reduce data redundancy and the Poly Kernel (PK) Module to improve the feature extraction capability and scale adaptability. Secondly, we design a BiLevel Spatial Attention Module (BSAM), which consists of the BiLevel Routing Attention (BRA) and the Spatial Attention Module. The BRA is first utilized to capture global information. Then, the Spatial Attention Module is used to improve the network’s ability to localize the target and capture high-quality detailed information. Finally, we adopt a Powerful-IoU (P-IoU) loss function, which can adjust to the ship size adaptively, effectively guiding the anchor box to achieve faster and more accurate detection. Using HRSID and SSDD as experimental datasets, mAP of 90.2% and 98.8% are achieved, respectively, outperforming the baseline by 5.9% and 6.2% with a model size of 12.3 M. Furthermore, the network exhibits excellent performance across various ship scales.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Research on the Flow-Induced Vibration of Cylindrical Structures Using Lagrangian-Based Dynamic Mode Decomposition
by
Xueji Shi, Zhongxiang Liu, Tong Guo, Wanjin Li, Zhiwei Niu and Feng Ling
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1378; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081378 - 12 Aug 2024
Abstract
An oscillating flow past a structure represents a complex, high-dimensional, and nonlinear flow phenomenon, which can lead to the failure of structures due to material fatigue or constraint relaxation. In order to better understand flow-induced vibration (FIV) and coupled flow fields, a numerical
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An oscillating flow past a structure represents a complex, high-dimensional, and nonlinear flow phenomenon, which can lead to the failure of structures due to material fatigue or constraint relaxation. In order to better understand flow-induced vibration (FIV) and coupled flow fields, a numerical simulation of a two-degrees-of-freedom FIV in a cylinder was conducted. Based on the Lagrangian-based dynamic mode decomposition (L-DMD) method, the vorticity field and motion characteristics of a cylinder were decomposed, reconstructed, and predicted. A comparison was made to the traditional Eulerian-based dynamic mode decomposition (E-DMD) method. The research results show that the first-order mode in the stable phase represents the mean flow field, showcasing the slander tail vortex structure during the vortex-shedding period and the average displacement in the in-line direction. The second mode predominantly captures the crossflow displacement, with a frequency of approximately 0.43 Hz, closely matching the corresponding frequency observed in the CFD results. The higher dominant modes mainly capture outward-spreading, smaller-scale vortex structures with detail displacement characteristics. The motion of the cylinder in the in-line direction was accompanied by symmetric vortex structures, while the motion of the cylinder in the crossflow direction was associated with anti-symmetric vortex structures. Additionally, crossflow displacement will cause a symmetrical vortex structure that spreads laterally along the axis behind the cylinder. Finally, when compared with E-DMD, the L-DMD method demonstrates a notable advantage in analyzing the nonlinear characteristics of FIV.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Opportunity-Maintenance-Based Scheduling Optimization for Ship-Loading Operation Systems in Coal Export Terminals
by
Qi Tian, Yun Peng, Xinglu Xu and Wenyuan Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1377; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081377 - 12 Aug 2024
Abstract
As important nodes of the global coal supply chain, coal export terminals bear the tasks of coal storage, processing, and handling, whose efficiency and stability are of great importance with the growing coal shipping market in recent years. However, poor working conditions of
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As important nodes of the global coal supply chain, coal export terminals bear the tasks of coal storage, processing, and handling, whose efficiency and stability are of great importance with the growing coal shipping market in recent years. However, poor working conditions of the handling equipment in the coal export terminal, together with its relatively fixed layout and poor flexibility, allow frequent equipment failures to seriously affect the ship-loading operations. To solve the problem, this paper constructs a scheduling optimization model for ship-loading operation systems considering equipment maintenance and proposes an opportunity-maintenance-based two-layer algorithm to solve the model. The upper layer aims to optimize the scheduling scheme of the ship-loading operation system under a certain maintenance plan. The lower layer of the algorithm, an opportunity-maintenance-based “equipment-level–flow-level” maintenance optimization method, determines the best equipment maintenance plan. A coal export terminal in China is employed as the case study to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the average dwell time of ships at the terminal by 15.8% and save total scheduling and maintenance costs by 10.3%. This paper shows how to make full use of equipment failure historical data and integrate equipment maintenance schemes into the scheduling problem of the ship-loading operation system, which can effectively reduce the impact of equipment failures on ship-loading operations and provide decision support for coal export terminal management.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Condition Monitoring and Intelligent Operation & Maintenance Technologies in Ships and Offshore Facilities)
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