You seem to have javascript disabled. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled.

Search for Articles:

Title / Keyword

Author / Affiliation / Email

Journal

Article Type

Advanced Search

Section

Special Issue

Volume

Issue

Number

Page

Logical OperatorOperator

Search Text

Search Type

The Challenges of Cyber Resilience in the Maritime Sector: Addressing the Weak Awareness of the Dangers Caused by Cyber Threats
Identification of Ship Maneuvering Behavior Using Singular Value Decomposition-Based Hydrodynamic Variations
Ship Design Optimization for the Effect of Wind Propulsion
Baseline Assessment of Black Sea Food Web Integrity Using a Zooplankton-Based Approach Under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive
Textural, Mineralogical and Chromatic Characterisation of the Beach Sediments of Cuba: Management Implications

Journal Description

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.

Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
High Visibility: indexed with Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Ei Compendex, GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, and other databases.
Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Engineering, Marine) / CiteScore - Q2 (Ocean Engineering)
Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 1.9 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2025).
Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Journal Clusters of Water Resources: Water, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Hydrology, Resources, Oceans, Limnological Review, Coasts.

Impact Factor: 2.8 (2024); 5-Year Impact Factor: 2.8 (2024)

Imprint Information Journal Flyer Open Access ISSN: 2077-1312

Latest Articles

32 pages, 2907 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Experimental and Numerical Research on the Slamming Problem of High-Performance Vessels

by Yifang Sun, Dapeng Zhang, Zongduo Wu and Yiquan Yu

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1310; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071310 (registering DOI) - 6 Jul 2025

Slamming load is characterized by a high peak and short duration. Severe slamming phenomena are extremely detrimental to the navigation safety of high-speed vessels, thereby constraining the development and application of high-performance ships. Studies on slamming mechanisms, load distribution, prediction, and mitigation methods [...] Read more.

Slamming load is characterized by a high peak and short duration. Severe slamming phenomena are extremely detrimental to the navigation safety of high-speed vessels, thereby constraining the development and application of high-performance ships. Studies on slamming mechanisms, load distribution, prediction, and mitigation methods are particularly essential. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical, numerical, and experimental research progress on water-entry slamming for high-performance ships. First, the theoretical foundations and numerical simulation methods of slamming are elaborated. Then, existing research findings are summarized from two perspectives: segmented water entry and full-scale wave loads. Finally, unresolved issues and future research directions are identified. The aim is to offer valuable insights for further advancements in high-performance ship slamming studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Modelling, Safety Assessment, and Advanced Material Application of Marine Structures)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 13331 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation of Seabed Response Around Monopile Under Wave–Vibration

by Hongyi Du, Dunge Wang, Jiankang Hou, Ziqin Yu, Ze Liu and Yongzhou Cheng

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1309; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071309 (registering DOI) - 6 Jul 2025

Monopile foundation is an important foundation form for offshore wind turbines, and the stability of the seabed around it is affected by the combined effects of wave and pile vibration. Based on the Biot consolidation theory and elastoplastic constitutive model, a multi-physical field [...] Read more.

Monopile foundation is an important foundation form for offshore wind turbines, and the stability of the seabed around it is affected by the combined effects of wave and pile vibration. Based on the Biot consolidation theory and elastoplastic constitutive model, a multi-physical field coupling model of wave–vibration–seabed–monopile is constructed, and the dynamic characteristics of seabed pore pressure around the monopile under the joint action of wave–vibration are systematically investigated, and the influences of waves, vibrations, and seabed parameters on the distribution of pore pressure amplitude are analysed in depth. The results show that the increase in wave incident energy will increase the seabed wave pressure, and the suction and pressure generated by pile vibration will change the soil force state; the coupling of waves and vibrations results in pile displacement difference, causing the seabed pore pressure dissipation depth dissimilarity, and the peak relative amplitude of pore pressure and the peak of vibration displacement are in a linear relationship; the wave parameters and seabed characteristics have a significant effect on the change in pore pressure amplitude distribution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3646 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multicriteria Evaluation of Single Underwater Image Improvement Algorithms

by Iracema del P. Angulo-Fernández, Javier Bello-Pineda, J. Alejandro Vásquez-Santacruz, Rogelio de J. Portillo-Vélez, Pedro J. García-Ramírez and Luis F. Marín-Urías

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1308; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071308 (registering DOI) - 6 Jul 2025

Enhancement and restoration algorithms are widely used in the exploration of coral reefs for improving underwater images. However, by selecting an improvement algorithm based on image quality metrics, image processing key factors such as the execution time are not considered. In response to [...] Read more.

Enhancement and restoration algorithms are widely used in the exploration of coral reefs for improving underwater images. However, by selecting an improvement algorithm based on image quality metrics, image processing key factors such as the execution time are not considered. In response to this issue, herein is presented a novel method built on multicriteria decision analysis that evaluates the processing time and feature point increase with respect to the original image. To set the Decision Matrix (DM), both the processing time and keypoint increase criteria of the evaluated algorithms are normalized. The criteria weights in the DM are set in accordance with the application, and the quantitative metric used to select the best alternative is the highest Weighted Sum Method (WsuM) score. In this work, the DM of six scenarios is shown, since the setting of weights could completely change the decision. For this research’s target application of generating underwater photomosaics, the Dark Channel Prior (DCP) algorithm emerged as the most suitable under a weighting scheme of 75% for processing time and 25% for keypoint increase. This proposal represents a solution for evaluating improvement algorithms in applications where computational efficiency is critical. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 3235 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characteristics and Evaluation of Living Shorelines: A Case Study from Fujian, China

by Xingfan Li, Shihui Lin, Libing Qian, Zhe Wang, Chao Cao, Qi Gao and Jiwen Cai

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1307; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071307 (registering DOI) - 5 Jul 2025

Under the context of global climate change, sea-level rise and frequent storm surge events pose significant challenges to coastal areas. Protecting coastlines from erosion, mitigating socio-economic losses, and maintaining ecosystem balance are critical for the sustainable development of coastal zones. The concept of [...] Read more.

Under the context of global climate change, sea-level rise and frequent storm surge events pose significant challenges to coastal areas. Protecting coastlines from erosion, mitigating socio-economic losses, and maintaining ecosystem balance are critical for the sustainable development of coastal zones. The concept of “living shorelines” based on Nature-based Solutions (NbS) employs near-natural ecological restoration and protection measures. In low-energy coastal segments, natural materials are prioritized, while high-energy segments are supplemented with artificial structures. This approach not only enhances disaster resilience but also preserves coastal ecosystem stability and ecological functionality. This study constructs a coastal vitality evaluation system for Fujian Province, China, using the entropy weight method, integrating three dimensions: protective safety, ecological resilience, and economic vitality. Data from 2010 and 2020 were analyzed to assess the spatiotemporal evolution of coastal vitality. Results indicate that coastal vitality initially exhibited a spatial pattern of “low in the north, high in the center, and low in the south,” with vitality values ranging from 0.20 to 0.67 (higher values indicate stronger vitality). Over the past decade, ecological restoration projects have significantly improved coastal vitality, particularly in central and southern regions, where high-vitality segments increased markedly. Key factors influencing coastal vitality include water quality, cyclone intensity, biological shoreline length, and wetland area. NbS-aligned coastal management strategies and soft revetment practices have generated substantial ecological and economic benefits. To further enhance coastal vitality, region-specific approaches are recommended, emphasizing rational resource utilization, optimization of ecological and economic values, and the establishment of a sustainable evaluation framework. This study provides scientific insights for improving coastal protection capacity, ecological resilience, and economic potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Geochemistry: The Processes of Water–Sediment Interaction)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 168 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Ocean Observations

by Chung-Ru Ho

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1306; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071306 (registering DOI) - 5 Jul 2025

Our Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, and thus various ocean engineering projects have been undertaken to utilize these vast resources effectively [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Observations)

28 pages, 25499 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Combined CFD, Theoretical, and Experimental Approach for Improved Hydrodynamic Performance of a Clam Dredge System

by Rui You and Nathan H. Kennedy

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1305; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071305 - 4 Jul 2025

This paper addresses the need for an integrated approach to develop an improved clam dredge system. Current designs often rely on empirical methods, resulting in a disconnect between theoretical models, computational simulations, and experimental validation. To bridge this gap, the study integrates computational [...] Read more.

This paper addresses the need for an integrated approach to develop an improved clam dredge system. Current designs often rely on empirical methods, resulting in a disconnect between theoretical models, computational simulations, and experimental validation. To bridge this gap, the study integrates computational fluid dynamics (CFD), experimental tests, and analytical methods to develop a clam dredge system. Firstly, the paper introduces an analytical tool that facilitates decision making by evaluating pump parameters, and to determine the operating point for various hose and nozzle parameters. This guides the parameter selection of pump, hose and jets for maximum performance. Secondly, CFD is utilized to analyze flow behavior, enabling the design of internal nozzle geometries that minimize head losses and maximize the scouring effect. A full-scale experimental measurement was conducted to validate computational results. Furthermore, a replica manifold is constructed using 3D printing and tested, demonstrating improvements in jet speed with both original and new nozzle designs. Analytical results indicate that increasing hose length reduces BHP, flow rate, and jet velocity, while increasing hose or jet diameter boosts BHP and flow but reduces jet speed due to pressure drops. Switching pumps reduced power consumption by 10.5% with minimal speed loss. The CFD analysis optimized nozzle design, reducing jet loss and enhancing efficiency. The proposed slit nozzle design reduces the loss coefficient by 85.24% in small-scale runs and by 83% in full-scale runs compared to the original circular jet design. The experiments confirmed the pressure differences between the CFD and experimental tests are within 10%, and demonstrated that rectangular jets increase speed by 9% and seafloor force by 19%. This paper improved the hydrodynamic design of the clam dredge system, and provides a framework for future dredge system designs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 9015 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energetics of Eddy–Mean Flow Interaction in the Kuroshio Current Region

by Yang Wu, Dalei Qiao, Chengyan Liu, Liangjun Yan, Kechen Liu, Jiangchao Qian, Qing Qin, Jianfen Wei, Heyou Chang, Kai Zhou, Zhengdong Qi, Xiaorui Zhu, Jing Li, Yuzhou Zhang and Hongtao Guo

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1304; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071304 - 3 Jul 2025

A comprehensive diagnosis of eddy–mean flow interaction in the Kuroshio Current (KC) region and the associated energy conversion pathway is conducted employing a state-of-the-art high-resolution global ocean–sea ice coupled model. The spatial distributions of the energy reservoirs and their conversions exhibit significant complexity. [...] Read more.

A comprehensive diagnosis of eddy–mean flow interaction in the Kuroshio Current (KC) region and the associated energy conversion pathway is conducted employing a state-of-the-art high-resolution global ocean–sea ice coupled model. The spatial distributions of the energy reservoirs and their conversions exhibit significant complexity. The cross-stream variation is found in the energy conversion pattern in the along-coast region, whereas a mixed positive–negative conversion pattern is observed in the off-coast region. Considering the area-integrated conversion rates between energy reservoirs, barotropic and baroclinic instabilities dominate the energy transferring from the mean flow to eddy field in the KC region. When the KC separates from the coast, it becomes highly unstable and the energy conversion rates intensify visibly; moreover, the local variations of the energy conversion are significantly influenced by the topography in the KC extension region. The mean available potential energy is the total energetic source to drive the barotropic and baroclinic energy pathway in the whole KC region, while the mean kinetic energy supplies the total energy in the extension region. For the whole KC region, the mean current transfers 84.9 GW of kinetic energy and 37.3 GW of available potential energy to the eddy field. The eddy kinetic energy is generated by mixed barotropic and baroclinic processes, amounting to 84.9 GW and 15.03 GW, respectively, indicating that topography dominates the generation of mesoscale eddy. Mean kinetic energy amounts to 11.08 GW of power from the mean available potential energy and subsequently supplies the barotropic pathway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Ocean Dynamics in a Warming Climate: Insights from Modeling and Observations)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 4005 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Ship Underwater Radiated Noise Prediction Method Based on Semi-Supervised Ensemble Learning

by Xin Huang, Rongwu Xu and Ruibiao Li

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1303; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071303 - 3 Jul 2025

Accurate prediction of ship underwater radiated noise (URN) during navigation is critical for evaluating acoustic stealth performance and analyzing detection risks. However, the labeled data available for the training of URN prediction model is limited. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) can improve the model performance [...] Read more.

Accurate prediction of ship underwater radiated noise (URN) during navigation is critical for evaluating acoustic stealth performance and analyzing detection risks. However, the labeled data available for the training of URN prediction model is limited. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) can improve the model performance by using unlabeled data in the case of a lack of labeled data. Therefore, this paper proposes an SSL method for URN prediction. First, an anti-perturbation regularization is constructed using unlabeled data to optimize the objective function of EL, which is then used in the Genetic algorithm to adaptively optimize base learner weights, to enhance pseudo-label quality. Second, a semi-supervised ensemble (ESS) framework integrating dynamic pseudo-label screening and uncertainty bias correction (UBC) is established, which can dynamically select pseudo-labels based on local prediction performance improvement and reduce the influence of pseudo-labels’ uncertainty on the model. Experimental results of the cabin model and sea trials of the ship demonstrate that the proposed method reduces prediction errors by up to 65.5% and 62.1% compared to baseline supervised and semi-supervised regression models, significantly improving prediction accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 6046 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanical Properties of Granular Sea Ice Under Uniaxial Compression: A Comparison of Piled and Level Ice

by Yubo Liu, Qingkai Wang, Peng Lu, Zhijun Li, Zhixing Li, Zhi Zong and Limin Zhang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1302; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071302 - 3 Jul 2025

The proportion of granular ice in sea ice layers has markedly increased due to global warming. To investigate the uniaxial compressive behavior of granular sea ice, we conducted a series of experiments using natural piled and level ice samples collected from the Bohai [...] Read more.

The proportion of granular ice in sea ice layers has markedly increased due to global warming. To investigate the uniaxial compressive behavior of granular sea ice, we conducted a series of experiments using natural piled and level ice samples collected from the Bohai Sea. A total of 311 specimens were tested under controlled temperature conditions ranging from −15 °C to −2 °C and strain rates varying from 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻² s⁻¹. The effects of porosity, strain rate, and failure modes were studied. The results show that both the uniaxial compressive strength and uniaxial compressive elastic modulus were dependent on strain rate and porosity. Granular sea ice exhibited a non-monotonic strength dependence on strain rate, with the strength increasing in the ductile regime and decreasing in the brittle regime. In contrast, the elastic modulus increased monotonically with the strain rate. Both the strength and elastic modulus decreased with increasing porosity. Level ice consistently demonstrated higher strength and an elastic modulus than piled ice at equivalent porosities. Unified parametric models were developed to describe both properties across a wide range of strain rates encompassing the ductile-to-brittle (DBT) regime. The experimental results show that, as porosity decreased, the transition strain rate of granular sea ice shifted from 2.34 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ at high porosity (45%) to 1.42 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹ at low porosity (10%) for level ice and 1.87 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ to 1.19 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ for piled ice. These results were compared with classical columnar ice models. These findings are useful for informing the design of vessel and coastal structures intended for use in ice-covered waters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Navigation Performance and Experimental Research of Ships in Ice-Covered Areas)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

40 pages, 7119 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing Intermodal Port–Inland Hub Systems in Spain: A Capacitated Multiple-Allocation Model for Strategic and Sustainable Freight Planning

by José Moyano Retamero and Alberto Camarero Orive

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1301; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071301 - 2 Jul 2025

This paper presents an enhanced hub location model tailored to port–hinterland logistics planning, grounded in the Capacitated Multiple-Allocation Hub Location Problem (CMAHLP). The formulation incorporates nonlinear cost structures, hub-specific operating costs, adaptive capacity constraints, and a feasibility condition based on the Social Net [...] Read more.

This paper presents an enhanced hub location model tailored to port–hinterland logistics planning, grounded in the Capacitated Multiple-Allocation Hub Location Problem (CMAHLP). The formulation incorporates nonlinear cost structures, hub-specific operating costs, adaptive capacity constraints, and a feasibility condition based on the Social Net Present Value (NPVsocial) to support the design of intermodal freight networks under asymmetric spatial and socio-environmental conditions. The empirical case focuses on Spain, leveraging its strategic position between Asia, North Africa, and Europe. The model includes four major ports—Barcelona, Valencia, Málaga, and Algeciras—as intermodal gateways connected to the 47 provinces of peninsular Spain through calibrated cost matrices based on real distances and mode-specific road and rail costs. A Genetic Algorithm is applied to evaluate 120 scenarios, varying the number of active hubs (4, 6, 8, 10, 12), transshipment discounts (α = 0.2 and 1.0), and internal parameters. The most efficient configuration involved 300 generations, 150 individuals, a crossover rate of 0.85, and a mutation rate of 0.40. The algorithm integrates guided mutation, elitist reinsertion, and local search on the top 15% of individuals. Results confirm the central role of Madrid, Valencia, and Barcelona, frequently accompanied by high-performance inland hubs such as Málaga, Córdoba, Jaén, Palencia, León, and Zaragoza. Cities with active ports such as Cartagena, Seville, and Alicante appear in several of the most efficient network configurations. Their recurring presence underscores the strategic role of inland hubs located near seaports in supporting logistical cohesion and operational resilience across the system. The COVID-19 crisis, the Suez Canal incident, and the persistent tensions in the Red Sea have made clear the fragility of traditional freight corridors linking Asia and Europe. These shocks have brought renewed strategic attention to southern Spain—particularly the Mediterranean and Andalusian axes—as viable alternatives that offer both geographic and intermodal advantages. In this evolving context, the contribution of southern hubs gains further support through strong system-wide performance indicators such as entropy, cluster diversity, and Pareto efficiency, which allow for the assessment of spatial balance, structural robustness, and optimal trade-offs in intermodal freight planning. Southern hubs, particularly in coordination with North African partners, are poised to gain prominence in an emerging Euro–Maghreb logistics interface that demands a territorial balance and resilient port–hinterland integration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Coastal Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 17089 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sedimentary Characteristics and Genetic Mechanisms of Non-Evaporitic Gypsum in a Half-Graben Basin: A Case Study from the Zhanhua Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China

by Muxin Cai, Jianguo Zhang, Zaixing Jiang, Junliang Li, Tao Meng, Peng Liu and Chao Jiang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1300; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071300 - 2 Jul 2025

Gypsum and salt rocks have been proven to act as seals for abundant oil and gas reserves on a global scale, with significant potential for hydrocarbon preservation and evolution. Notably, the sedimentary dynamics of non-evaporitic gypsum in terrestrial half-graben basins remain underexplored, particularly [...] Read more.

Gypsum and salt rocks have been proven to act as seals for abundant oil and gas reserves on a global scale, with significant potential for hydrocarbon preservation and evolution. Notably, the sedimentary dynamics of non-evaporitic gypsum in terrestrial half-graben basins remain underexplored, particularly regarding its genetic link to hydrocarbon accumulation in interbedded mudstones. This study is based on the Zhanhua Sag, in which thick-layered gypsum rocks with dark mudstone are deposited. The gypsum crystals show the intermittent deposition characteristics. The cumulative thickness of the gypsum-containing section reaches a maximum of over 110 m. The spatial distribution of gypsum thickness correlates strongly with the location of deep-seated faults. The strontium and sulfur isotopes of gypsum indicate deep hydrothermal fluids as mineral sources, and negative oxygen isotope excursions also suggest that gypsum layers precipitated in situ from hot brine. Total organic carbon and Rock-Eval data indicate that the deep-lake gypsum rock system has excellent hydrocarbon potential, especially in the mudstone interlayers. This study developed a depositional model of deep-lake gypsum rocks with thermal brine genesis in half-graben basins. The gypsum-bearing system is rich in mudstone interlayers. These gypsum–mudstone interbeds represent promising targets for shale oil exploration after the initial breakthrough during the extraction process. These insights provide a theoretical framework for understanding gypsum-related petroleum systems in half-graben basins across the globe, offering guidance for hydrocarbon exploration in analogous sedimentary environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geological Oceanography)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 28055 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sequence Stratigraphic and Geochemical Records of Paleo-Sea Level Changes in Upper Carboniferous Mixed Clastic–Carbonate Successions in the Eastern Qaidam Basin

by Yifan Li, Xiaojie Wei, Kui Liu and Kening Qi

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1299; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071299 - 2 Jul 2025

The Upper Carboniferous strata in the eastern Qaidam Basin, comprising several hundred meters of thick, mixed clastic–carbonate successions that have been little reported or explained, provide an excellent geological record of paleoenvironmental and paleo-sea level changes during the Late Carboniferous icehouse period. This [...] Read more.

The Upper Carboniferous strata in the eastern Qaidam Basin, comprising several hundred meters of thick, mixed clastic–carbonate successions that have been little reported or explained, provide an excellent geological record of paleoenvironmental and paleo-sea level changes during the Late Carboniferous icehouse period. This tropical carbonate–clastic system offers critical constraints for correlating equatorial sea level responses with high-latitude glacial cycles during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age. Based on detailed outcrop observations and interpretations, five facies assemblages, including fluvial channel, tide-dominated estuary, wave-dominated shoreface, tide-influenced delta, and carbonate-dominated marine, have been identified and organized into cyclical stacking patterns. Correspondingly, four third-order sequences were recognized, each composed of lowstand, transgressive, and highstand system tracts (LST, TST, and HST). LST is generally dominated by fluvial channels as a result of river juvenation when the sea level falls. The TST is characterized by tide-dominated estuaries, followed by retrogradational, carbonated-dominated marine deposits formed during a period of sea level rise. The HST is dominated by aggradational marine deposits, wave-dominated shoreface environments, or tide-influenced deltas, caused by subsequent sea level falls and increased debris supply. The sequence stratigraphic evolution and geochemical records, based on carbon and oxygen isotopes and trace elements, suggest that during the Late Carboniferous period, the eastern Qaidam Basin experienced at least four significant sea level fluctuation events, and an overall long-term sea level rise. These were primarily driven by the Gondwana glacio-eustasy and regionally ascribed to the Paleo-Tethys Ocean expansion induced by the late Hercynian movement. Assessing the history of glacio-eustasy-driven sea level changes in the eastern Qaidam Basin is useful for predicting the distribution and evolution of mixed cyclic succession in and around the Tibetan Plateau. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Formation Mechanism and Quantitative Evaluation of Deep to Ultra-Deep High-Quality Reservoirs)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1382 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wave Run-Up Distance Prediction Combined Data-Driven Method and Physical Experiments

by Peng Qin, Hangwei Zhu, Fan Jin, Wangtao Lu, Zhenzhu Meng, Chunmei Ding, Xian Liu and Chunmei Cheng

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1298; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071298 - 1 Jul 2025

Predicting wave run-up on seawalls is essential for assessing coastal flood risk and guiding resilient design. In this study, we combine physical model experiments with a hybrid data driven method to forecast wave run-up distance. Laboratory tests generated a nonlinear data set spanning [...] Read more.

Predicting wave run-up on seawalls is essential for assessing coastal flood risk and guiding resilient design. In this study, we combine physical model experiments with a hybrid data driven method to forecast wave run-up distance. Laboratory tests generated a nonlinear data set spanning a wide range of wave amplitudes, wavelengths, Froude numbers. To capture the underlying physical regimes, the records were first classified using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), which automatically grouped waves of similar hydrodynamic character. Within each cluster a Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR) was then trained, allowing the model to learn tailored input–output relationships instead of forcing a single global fit. Results demonstrate that the GMM-GBR combined model achieves a coefficient of determination

R^{2}

greater than 0.91, outperforming a conventional, non-clustered GBR model. This approach offers a reliable tool for predicting seawall performance under varying wave conditions, contributing to better coastal management and resilience strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave Hydrodynamics in Coastal Areas)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

41 pages, 3722 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances of Complex Marine Environmental Influences on Underwater Vehicles

by Sen Zhao, Haibao Hu, Abdellatif Ouahsine, Haochen Lu, Zhuoyue Li, Zhiming Yuan and Peng Du

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1297; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071297 - 1 Jul 2025

Underwater vehicles serve as critical assets for global ocean exploration and naval capability enhancement. The marine environment exhibits intricate hydrodynamic phenomena that significantly threaten underwater vehicle navigation safety, particularly in four prevalent complex conditions: surface waves, oceanic currents, stratified fluids, and internal waves. [...] Read more.

Underwater vehicles serve as critical assets for global ocean exploration and naval capability enhancement. The marine environment exhibits intricate hydrodynamic phenomena that significantly threaten underwater vehicle navigation safety, particularly in four prevalent complex conditions: surface waves, oceanic currents, stratified fluids, and internal waves. This comprehensive review systematically examines the impacts of these four marine environments on underwater vehicles through critical analysis and synthesis of contemporary advances in theoretical frameworks, experimental methodologies, and numerical simulation approaches. The identified influences are categorized into five primary aspects: hydrodynamic characteristics, dynamic response patterns, load distribution mechanisms, navigation trajectory optimization, and stealth performance. Particular emphasis is placed on internal wave interactions, with rigorous analysis derived from experimental investigations and numerical modeling of internal wave dynamics and their coupling effects with underwater vehicles. In addition, this review points out and analyzes the shortcomings of the current research in various aspects and puts forward some thoughts and suggestions for future research directions that are worth further exploration, including enriching the research objects, upgrading the experimental techniques, and introducing artificial intelligence methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of CFD Simulations to Marine Hydrodynamic Problems (2nd Edition))

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3182 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implementation of a Second-Order TVD Transport Algorithm in the General Ocean Model (GOM)

by Jungwoo Lee, Jun Lee, Sang-Leen Yun and Seog-Ku Kim

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1296; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071296 - 30 Jun 2025

This study presents the implementation of a scalar transport algorithm in the recently developed General Ocean Model (GOM), a three-dimensional, unstructured grid, finite volume/finite difference model. Solving the advection–diffusion transport equation is an essential part of any ocean circulation model since the baroclinic [...] Read more.

This study presents the implementation of a scalar transport algorithm in the recently developed General Ocean Model (GOM), a three-dimensional, unstructured grid, finite volume/finite difference model. Solving the advection–diffusion transport equation is an essential part of any ocean circulation model since the baroclinic density gradient distinguishes saline water from freshwater. To achieve both high accuracy and computational efficiency, we adopted a second-order semi-implicit Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) scheme. The TVD approach, known for its ability to suppress non-physical oscillations near steep gradients, provides a higher-fidelity representation of salinity fronts without introducing significant numerical artifacts. The TVD algorithm is constructed with the first-order Upwind scheme, which is known for suffering from excessive numerical diffusion, and the higher-order anti-diffusive flux term. The implemented transport algorithm is evaluated using two standard test cases, an ideal lock exchange problem and a U-shaped channel problem, and it is further applied to simulate salinity dynamics in Mobile Bay, Alabama. The model results from both the first-order Upwind and second-order TVD schemes are compared. The results indicate that the TVD scheme marginally improves the resolution of salinity fronts while maintaining computational stability and efficiency. The implementation enables a flexible and straightforward transition between the first-order scheme, which is faster than the second-order scheme, and the second-order scheme, which is less diffusive than the first-order scheme, enhancing the GOM’s capability for realistic and efficient salinity simulations in a tidally driven estuarine system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Coastal Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 25417 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pectoral Fin-Assisted Braking and Agile Turning: A Biomimetic Approach to Improve Underwater Robot Maneuverability

by Qu He, Yunpeng Zhu, Weikun Li, Weicheng Cui and Dixia Fan

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1295; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071295 - 30 Jun 2025

The integration of biomimetic pectoral fins into robotic fish presents a promising approach to enhancing maneuverability, stability, and braking efficiency in underwater robotics. This study investigates a 1-DOF (degree of freedom) pectoral fin mechanism integrated into the SpineWave robotic fish. Through force measurements [...] Read more.

The integration of biomimetic pectoral fins into robotic fish presents a promising approach to enhancing maneuverability, stability, and braking efficiency in underwater robotics. This study investigates a 1-DOF (degree of freedom) pectoral fin mechanism integrated into the SpineWave robotic fish. Through force measurements and particle image velocimetry (PIV), we optimized control parameters to improve braking and turning performances. The results show a 50% reduction in stopping distance, significantly enhancing agility and control. The fin-assisted braking and turning modes enable precise movements, making this approach valuable for autonomous underwater vehicles. This research lays the groundwork for adaptive fin designs and real-time control strategies, with applications in underwater exploration, environmental monitoring, and search-and-rescue operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Deep-Sea Equipment and Technology, 3rd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

42 pages, 4946 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced AUV Autonomy Through Fused Energy-Optimized Path Planning and Deep Reinforcement Learning for Integrated Navigation and Dynamic Obstacle Detection

by Kaijie Zhang, Yuchen Ye, Kaihao Chen, Zao Li and Kangshun Li

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1294; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071294 - 30 Jun 2025

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) operating in dynamic, constrained underwater environments demand sophisticated navigation and detection fusion capabilities that traditional methods often fail to provide. This paper introduces a novel hybrid framework that synergistically fuses a Multithreaded Energy-Optimized Batch Informed Trees (MEO-BIT*) algorithm with [...] Read more.

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) operating in dynamic, constrained underwater environments demand sophisticated navigation and detection fusion capabilities that traditional methods often fail to provide. This paper introduces a novel hybrid framework that synergistically fuses a Multithreaded Energy-Optimized Batch Informed Trees (MEO-BIT*) algorithm with Deep Q-Networks (DQN) to achieve robust AUV autonomy. The MEO-BIT* component delivers efficient global path planning through (1) a multithreaded batch sampling mechanism for rapid state-space exploration, (2) heuristic-driven search accelerated by KD-tree spatial indexing for optimized path discovery, and (3) an energy-aware cost function balancing path length and steering effort for enhanced endurance. Critically, the DQN component facilitates dynamic obstacle detection and adaptive local navigation, enabling the AUV to adjust its trajectory intelligently in real time. This integrated approach leverages the strengths of both algorithms. The global path intelligence of MEO-BIT* is dynamically informed and refined by the DQN’s learned perception. This allows the DQN to make effective decisions to avoid moving obstacles. Experimental validation in a simulated Achao waterway (Chile) demonstrates the MEO-BIT* + DQN system’s superiority, achieving a 46% reduction in collision rates (directly reflecting improved detection and avoidance fusion), a 15.7% improvement in path smoothness, and a 78.9% faster execution time compared to conventional RRT* and BIT* methods. This work presents a robust solution that effectively fuses two key components: the computational efficiency of MEO-BIT* and the adaptive capabilities of DQN. This fusion significantly advances the integration of navigation with dynamic obstacle detection. Ultimately, it enhances AUV operational performance and autonomy in complex maritime scenarios. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Navigation and Detection Fusion for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

44 pages, 2307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling of Energy Management System for Fully Autonomous Vessels with Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control via Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm

by Harriet Laryea and Andrea Schiffauerova

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071293 - 30 Jun 2025

This study presents a multi-objective predictive energy management system (EMS) for optimizing hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) in autonomous marine vessels. The objective is to minimize fuel consumption and emissions while maximizing renewable energy usage and pure-electric sailing durations. The EMS combines nonlinear [...] Read more.

This study presents a multi-objective predictive energy management system (EMS) for optimizing hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) in autonomous marine vessels. The objective is to minimize fuel consumption and emissions while maximizing renewable energy usage and pure-electric sailing durations. The EMS combines nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) with metaheuristic optimizers—Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA)—and is benchmarked against a conventional rule-based (RB) method. The HRES architecture comprises photovoltaic arrays, vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs), diesel engines, generators, and a battery storage system. A ship dynamics model was used to represent propulsion power under realistic sea conditions. Simulations were conducted using real-world operational and environmental datasets, with state prediction enhanced by an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Performance is evaluated using marine-relevant indicators—fuel consumption; emissions; battery state of charge (SOC); and emission cost—and validated using standard regression metrics. The NMPC-GWO algorithm consistently outperformed both NMPC-GA and RB approaches, achieving high prediction accuracy and greater energy efficiency. These results confirm the reliability and optimization capability of predictive EMS frameworks in reducing emissions and operational costs in autonomous maritime operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Hybrid Power Systems for Marine Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 19015 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lithofacies Types and Pore Structure Characteristics of Marine Shale in the Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation, Middle Yangtze Region, China

by Jialin Fan, Wei Liu, Yujing Qian, Jinku Li, Qin Zhou and Ping Gao

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071292 - 30 Jun 2025

The lithofacies and pore structural characteristics of shale reservoirs directly affect the exploration and development of shale gas. To clarify the exploration and development potential of the Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation (SJT) shale in the Middle Yangtze region, China, this study employs integrated [...] Read more.

The lithofacies and pore structural characteristics of shale reservoirs directly affect the exploration and development of shale gas. To clarify the exploration and development potential of the Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation (SJT) shale in the Middle Yangtze region, China, this study employs integrated experimental approaches, including optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineralogical analysis, and low-pressure gas (N₂/CO₂) adsorption, to classify mudstone lithofacies within the SJT and elucidate pore structural characteristics and dominant geological control across different lithofacies. The research results show that (1) Six main types of shale lithofacies are found in the STJ, including low-TOC massive calcareous mudstone (LMCM), low-TOC laminated mixed mudstone (LLMM), medium-TOC massive mixed mudstone (MMMM), high-TOC massive mixed mudstone (HMMM), high-TOC laminated siliceous mudstone (HLSM), and laminated argillaceous mudstone (LAM). (2) The pore types of SJT mudstone primarily include organic pores, intragranular clay mineral pores, and microfractures. The pore structure of mudstone is mainly controlled by clay mineral content and TOC content. However, the controlling factors of pore structure vary among different mudstone lithofacies. LMCM and LLMM are dominated by intragranular clay mineral pores, with their pore structures mainly controlled by clay mineral content. The pore types of HLMM and HLSM are organic pores, with pore structures predominantly controlled by TOC content. (3) The SJT mudstone gas reservoir exhibits diverse types, including HLSM, LAM, and LLMM. HLSM is characterized by the highest brittleness index and elevated pore volume (PV) and it can be considered the optimum lithofacies in the study area. Additionally, LLMM has the highest PV and relatively high brittleness index, positioning it as another significant reservoir target in the study area. Therefore, the Lower Cambrian shale gas reservoirs in the Middle Yangtze region exhibit diverse reservoir types. These research findings provide a scientific basis for the next phase of shale gas exploration planning in the Lower Cambrian. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geological Oceanography)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 7981 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Robust Forward-Looking Sonar-Image Mosaicking Without External Sensors for Autonomous Deep-Sea Mining

by Xinran Liu, Jianmin Yang, Changyu Lu, Enhua Zhang and Wenhao Xu

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(7), 1291; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071291 - 30 Jun 2025

With the increasing significance of deep-sea resource development, Forward-Looking Sonar (FLS) has become an essential technology for real-time environmental mapping and navigation in deep-sea mining vehicles (DSMV). However, FLS images often suffer from a limited field of view, uneven imaging, and complex noise [...] Read more.

With the increasing significance of deep-sea resource development, Forward-Looking Sonar (FLS) has become an essential technology for real-time environmental mapping and navigation in deep-sea mining vehicles (DSMV). However, FLS images often suffer from a limited field of view, uneven imaging, and complex noise sources, making single-frame images insufficient for providing continuous and complete environmental awareness. Existing mosaicking methods typically rely on external sensors or controlled laboratory conditions, often failing to account for the high levels of uncertainty and error inherent in real deep-sea environments. Consequently, their performance during sea trials tends to be unsatisfactory. To address these challenges, this study introduces a robust FLS image mosaicking framework that functions without additional sensor input. The framework explicitly models the noise characteristics of sonar images captured in deep-sea environments and integrates bidirectional cyclic consistency filtering with a soft-weighted feature refinement strategy during the feature-matching stage. For image fusion, a radial adaptive fusion algorithm with a protective frame is proposed to improve edge transitions and preserve structural consistency in the resulting panoramic image. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves high robustness and accuracy under real deep-sea conditions, effectively supporting DSMV tasks such as path planning, obstacle avoidance, and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), thus enabling reliable perceptual capabilities for intelligent underwater operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geological Oceanography)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

More Articles...

Submit to JMSE Review for JMSE

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

Highly Accessed Articles

View More...

Latest Books

More Books and Reprints...

E-Mail Alert

News

30 April 2025
Richard DiMarchi and Rolf Müller Share the 2024 Tu Youyou Award

4 July 2025
MDPI’s Newly Launched Journals in June 2025

2 July 2025
MDPI INSIGHTS: The CEO's Letter #24 - 2024 Impact Factor & CiteScore, MDPI Summits France & USA, Tu Youyou Award

More News & Announcements...

Topics

Propose a Topic

Topic in Electricity, Electronics, Energies, Processes, Resources, JMSE

Advanced Operation, Control, and Planning of Intelligent Energy Systems Topic Editors: Ziming Yan, Rui Wang, Chuan He, Tao Chen, Zhengmao Li
Deadline: 31 July 2025

Topic in Energies, Sustainability, JMSE, Processes, Solar, Wind

Sustainable Energy Technology, 2nd Edition Topic Editors: Wei-Hsin Chen, Aristotle T. Ubando, Chih-Che Chueh, Liwen Jin, Yanjun Sun
Deadline: 20 August 2025

Topic in Energies, JMSE, Processes, Sustainability, Inventions

Marine Renewable Energy, 2nd Edition Topic Editors: Eugen Rusu, Kostas Belibassakis, George Lavidas
Deadline: 31 August 2025

Topic in Conservation, Diversity, JMSE, Remote Sensing, Technologies

Technological Innovation to Support Reef Research and Conservation Topic Editors: Atsuko Fukunaga, John Burns
Deadline: 15 September 2025

More Topics

Conferences

Announce Your Conference

24–26 November 2025 [IOCMSE 2025] Call for Abstracts—The 1st International Online Conference on Marine Science and Engineering: Current State and Future Trends

22–24 October 2025 Oceanology Asia 2025

More Conferences...

Special Issues

Propose a Special Issue

Special Issue in JMSE

AI-Empowered Marine Energy Guest Editors: Zhaolong Han, Jianhua Zhang, Zhongqiang Liu
Deadline: 10 July 2025

Special Issue in JMSE

Advanced Technologies of Ship Power Plants and Infrastructure of Seaports Guest Editors: Sergejus Lebedevas, Paulius Rapalis
Deadline: 10 July 2025

Special Issue in JMSE

Advances in Marine Gas Hydrate Exploration and Discovery—2nd Edition Guest Editors: Wei Zhang, Pibo Su, Jiliang Wang, Qianyong Liang
Deadline: 10 July 2025

Special Issue in JMSE

Coastal Water Quality Observation and Numerical Modeling Guest Editor: Marta Rodrigues
Deadline: 10 July 2025

More Special Issues

Back to TopTop