Amplifying Photochromic Response in Tungsten Oxide Films with Titanium Oxide and Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of WO3 Nanoparticles
2.3. Synthesis of the Composite
2.4. Fabrication of Photochromic Film
2.5. Characterization and Measurement
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of the Synthesized Tungsten Oxide
3.2. Characterization of Tungsten Oxide with Titanium Oxide and Polyvinylpyrrolidone
3.3. Dispersibility Analysis in Organic Solvents for Solution-Based Film Fabrication
3.4. Reflectance for Confirming Enhanced Photochromic Properties
3.5. Photochromic Properties in Film
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | WO3 | WO3@PVP | WO3/TiO2 | WO3/TiO2@PVP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Average zeta potential (mV) | 28.8 | 70.2 | 28.4 | 68.3 |
Material | WO3 | WO3/PVP | WO3/TiO2 | WO3/TiO2/PVP |
---|---|---|---|---|
Distribution range (nm) | 48.8~2849 | 614.7~1417 | 361.3~1645.3 | 81.9~982.1 |
Size variation (nm) | 2800.2 | 802.3 | 1284 | 900.2 |
Sample | Hexagonal WO3 | h-WO3/PVP | h-WO3/TiO2 | h-WO3/TiO2/PVP | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reflectance | %R (max) | %R (700 nm) | %R (max) | %R (700 nm) | %R (max) | %R (700 nm) | %R (max) | %R (700 nm) |
Initial state | 68.0 | 62.0 | 75.6 | 69.7 | 76.2 | 70.7 | 84.1 | 79.2 |
UV 1 min | 53.9 | 41.9 | 53.6 | 41.8 | 50.7 | 39.9 | 53.0 | 37.0 |
ΔR (%) | 14.1 | 20.1 | 22.0 | 27.9 | 25.5 | 30.8 | 31.1 | 42.2 |
Time | 0 min | 1 min | 3 min | 5 min | 10 min | 20 min |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transmittance (%) at 700 nm | 85.2 | 78.7 | 70.0 | 63.4 | 52.6 | 44.7 |
ΔT (%) | 85.2 | ΔT = 40.5 | 44.7 |
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Kim, M.-S.; Yoon, J.-H.; Kim, H.-M.; Lee, D.-J.; Hirose, T.; Takeda, Y.; Kim, J.-P. Amplifying Photochromic Response in Tungsten Oxide Films with Titanium Oxide and Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 1121. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14131121
Kim M-S, Yoon J-H, Kim H-M, Lee D-J, Hirose T, Takeda Y, Kim J-P. Amplifying Photochromic Response in Tungsten Oxide Films with Titanium Oxide and Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Nanomaterials. 2024; 14(13):1121. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14131121
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Min-Sung, Jun-Ho Yoon, Hong-Mo Kim, Dong-Jun Lee, Tamaki Hirose, Yoshihiko Takeda, and Jae-Pil Kim. 2024. "Amplifying Photochromic Response in Tungsten Oxide Films with Titanium Oxide and Polyvinylpyrrolidone" Nanomaterials 14, no. 13: 1121. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14131121