Combination of Bacillus velezensis RC218 and Chitosan to Control Fusarium Head Blight on Bread and Durum Wheat under Greenhouse and Field Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Greenhouse Evaluation
2.2. Field Trials on Bread and Durum Wheat
2.3. Field Trial on Durum Wheat: Disease Evaluation, DON Content, and Pathogen DNA Quantification on Harvested Grains
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Biocontrol, Chitosan, and Pathogens’ Preparation
4.2. Greenhouse Evaluation
4.3. Field Trials on Bread and Durum Wheat
4.3.1. Experiment’s Locations, Design, and Disease Parameters Evaluated
4.3.2. Fusarium Head Blight Parameters at Harvested Grains: DON Content, Fusarium-Damaged Kernels, and Pathogen DNA Level
4.4. Statistical Analyses
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatments | Deoxynivalenol (µg g−1) * | FDK | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Bread | Durum | Bread | Durum | |
B. velezensis RC218 + F. graminearum ss (n = 3) | 2.20 ± 0.50 b | 2.60 ± 2,30 a | 2.7 ± 1.50 ab | 7.3 ± 1.40 bc |
Chitosan (0.1%) + F. graminearum ss (n = 3) | 1.42 ± 0.87 b | 1.80 ± 1,70 a | 4 ± 2.60 ab | 6.8 ± 0.70 ab |
B. velezensis RC218 + Chitosan + F. graminearum ss (n = 3) | 1.57 ± 0.22 b | 1.80 ± 1.60 a | 2 ± 1.70 a | 8.3 ± 3.70 e |
F. graminearum ss alone (n = 3) | 4.43 ± 1.70 a | 6.12 ± 1.50 b | 5 ± 20 b | 11.2 ± 3.50 e |
Water control (n = 3) | 0.30 ± 0.13 c | Nd | 1.30 ± 0.50 a | 6.40 ± 0.30 a |
B. velezensis RC218 control (n = 3) | Nd | Nd | 1.70 ± 0.5 a | 8 ± 2.30 d |
Treatments | Concentration Applied * |
---|---|
B. velezensis RC218 + F. graminearum ss | 106 + 105 |
Chitosan + F. graminearum | 0.1% + 105 |
B. velezensis RC218 + chitosan + F. graminearum ss | 106 + 0.1% + 105 |
Possitive control (F. graminearum ss alone) | 105 |
Negative control (water) | - |
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Palazzini, J.; Reynoso, A.; Yerkovich, N.; Zachetti, V.; Ramírez, M.; Chulze, S. Combination of Bacillus velezensis RC218 and Chitosan to Control Fusarium Head Blight on Bread and Durum Wheat under Greenhouse and Field Conditions. Toxins 2022, 14, 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14070499
Palazzini J, Reynoso A, Yerkovich N, Zachetti V, Ramírez M, Chulze S. Combination of Bacillus velezensis RC218 and Chitosan to Control Fusarium Head Blight on Bread and Durum Wheat under Greenhouse and Field Conditions. Toxins. 2022; 14(7):499. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14070499
Chicago/Turabian StylePalazzini, Juan, Agustina Reynoso, Nadia Yerkovich, Vanessa Zachetti, María Ramírez, and Sofía Chulze. 2022. "Combination of Bacillus velezensis RC218 and Chitosan to Control Fusarium Head Blight on Bread and Durum Wheat under Greenhouse and Field Conditions" Toxins 14, no. 7: 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14070499