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Keywords = Agua Salud alphavirus

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14 pages, 2283 KB  
Article
The First Isolation of Insect-Specific Alphavirus (Agua Salud alphavirus) in Culex (Melanoconion) Mosquitoes in the Brazilian Amazon
by Bruna Ramos, Valéria Carvalho, Eliana da Silva, Maria Freitas, Landeson Junior Barros, Maissa Santos, Jamilla Augusta Pantoja, Ercília Gonçalves, Joaquim Nunes Neto, José Wilson Junior, Durval Vieira, Daniel Dias, Ana Cecília Cruz, Bruno Nunes, Sandro Silva, Carine Aragão, Alexandre Casseb and Lívia Martins
Viruses 2024, 16(9), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091355 - 24 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1778
Abstract
Advances in diagnostic techniques coupled with ongoing environmental changes have resulted in intensified surveillance and monitoring of arbovirus circulation in the Amazon. This increased effort has resulted in increased detection of insect-specific viruses among hematophagous arthropods collected in the field. This study aimed [...] Read more.
Advances in diagnostic techniques coupled with ongoing environmental changes have resulted in intensified surveillance and monitoring of arbovirus circulation in the Amazon. This increased effort has resulted in increased detection of insect-specific viruses among hematophagous arthropods collected in the field. This study aimed to document the first isolation of Agua Salud alphavirus in mosquitoes collected within the Brazilian Amazon. Arthropods belonging to the family Culicidae were collected within a forest fragment located in the Environmental Protection Area of the metropolitan region of Belem. Subsequently, these specimens were meticulously identified to the species level. Afterward, the collected batches were macerated, and the resulting supernatant was then inoculated into C6/36 and Vero cell cultures to facilitate viral isolation. The presence of arboviruses within the inoculated cell cultures was determined through indirect immunofluorescence analysis. Furthermore, positive supernatant samples underwent nucleotide sequencing to precisely identify the viral strains present. Notably, a batch containing Culex (Melanoconion) mosquitoes was identified to be positive for the genus Alphavirus via indirect immunofluorescence. This study is the first report on insect-specific alphavirus isolation in Brazil and the first-ever description of Agua Salud alphavirus isolation within Amazon Forest remnants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Alphavirus and Flavivirus Research)
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13 pages, 1268 KB  
Article
Agua Salud Alphavirus Infection, Dissemination and Transmission in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
by Swati V. Jagtap, Jorn Brink, Svea C. Frank, Marlis Badusche, Mayke Leggewie, Vattipally B. Sreenu, Janina Fuss, Esther Schnettler and Mine Altinli
Viruses 2023, 15(5), 1113; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15051113 - 3 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2781
Abstract
Mosquitoes are competent vectors for many important arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). In addition to arboviruses, insect-specific viruses (ISV) have also been discovered in mosquitoes. ISVs are viruses that replicate in insect hosts but are unable to infect and replicate in vertebrates. They have been [...] Read more.
Mosquitoes are competent vectors for many important arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). In addition to arboviruses, insect-specific viruses (ISV) have also been discovered in mosquitoes. ISVs are viruses that replicate in insect hosts but are unable to infect and replicate in vertebrates. They have been shown to interfere with arbovirus replication in some cases. Despite the increase in studies on ISV–arbovirus interactions, ISV interactions with their hosts and how they are maintained in nature are still not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the infection and dissemination of the Agua Salud alphavirus (ASALV) in the important mosquito vector Aedes aegypti through different infection routes (per oral infection, intrathoracic injection) and its transmission. We show here that ASALV infects the female Ae. aegypti and replicates when mosquitoes are infected intrathoracically or orally. ASALV disseminated to different tissues, including the midgut, salivary glands and ovaries. However, we observed a higher virus load in the brain than in the salivary glands and carcasses, suggesting a tropism towards brain tissues. Our results show that ASALV is transmitted horizontally during adult and larval stages, although we did not observe vertical transmission. Understanding ISV infection and dissemination dynamics in Ae. aegypti and their transmission routes could help the use of ISVs as an arbovirus control strategy in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insect-Specific Viruses 2.0)
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