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Keywords = Chichen Itza

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23 pages, 12718 KB  
Article
Insights into Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of Building Stones in the North Temple of the Great Ball Court, Archaeological Zone of Chichen Itza, Mexico
by Alejandro Méndez-Gaona, Vsevolod Yutsis, Rubén Alfonso López-Doncel, Claudia Araceli García-Solís and Alfredo Aguillón-Robles
Buildings 2025, 15(16), 2949; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162949 - 20 Aug 2025
Viewed by 365
Abstract
Non-destructive tests are especially useful for the assessment of building stones and their deterioration in built cultural heritage. Gamma-ray spectrometry is a non-destructive test that has not been applied extensively in these types of constructions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to [...] Read more.
Non-destructive tests are especially useful for the assessment of building stones and their deterioration in built cultural heritage. Gamma-ray spectrometry is a non-destructive test that has not been applied extensively in these types of constructions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to show the results of gamma-ray spectrometry for limestone characterization and deterioration assessment. This study was conducted in the North Temple of the Archaeological Zone of Chichen Itza and several outcrops in the area. Gamma-ray spectrometry data were corrected for attenuation caused by the moisture content in rocks to calculate the real radioelements concentrations using linear regression, with interpretation based on their mobility resulting from chemical weathering processes. The results obtained with gamma-ray spectrometry were corroborated by laboratory analyses, demonstrating that stones from the North Temple are more weathered than rocks from the outcrops, and that some limestones have clasts derived from terrigenous sources, causing them to show slightly higher radiation, which can be distinguished easily with gamma-ray spectrometry, even when lithology cannot be recognized in plain sight. Gamma-ray spectrometry proved to be useful for limestone characterization, and data obtained can be correlated with parameters from other analyses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Cultural Heritage)
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13 pages, 1818 KB  
Article
Effect of Chitosan-Poly(Acrylic Acid) Complexes and Two Nutrient Solutions on the Growth and Yield of Two Habanero Pepper Cultivars
by Rogelio Enrique Palacios-Torres, Amadeo Santos-Chavez, Hortensia Ortega-Ortiz, Ana Rosa Ramírez-Seañez, José Antonio Yam-Tzec, Adolfo Amador-Mendoza, Antonio Juárez-Maldonado, Maribel Reyes-Osornio and Hipólito Hernández-Hernández
Horticulturae 2022, 8(3), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030201 - 24 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3067
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer used in agriculture as a biostimulant that has been evaluated in different plant models. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the foliar application of chitosan–poly(acrylic acid) complexes (CS–PAA) and two nutrient solutions (A and B) [...] Read more.
Chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer used in agriculture as a biostimulant that has been evaluated in different plant models. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the foliar application of chitosan–poly(acrylic acid) complexes (CS–PAA) and two nutrient solutions (A and B) on the parameters of growth and yield of two habanero pepper cultivars (Chichen Itza and Jaguar) in a greenhouse. Over the course of the experiment, eight foliar applications were carried out at 15-day intervals. Our results showed that foliar applications of CS–PAA complexes have a biostimulant effect on the habanero pepper crop by increasing the total dry biomass of the plant and the number of fruits of the two cultivars. Regarding nutrient solutions, the nutrient solution A increased the yield of the Chichen Itza cultivar; this effect was because it had a better balance of potassium and calcium compared to the nutrient solution B. These results provide advances on the use of CS–PAA complexes as a biostimulant and the management of nutrient solutions in the crop of habanero peppers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydroponics in Vegetable Production)
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