Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 

Saved Queries

Sign in to use this feature.

Search Filter Reset All

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Subjects Reset
Select Subjects

Journals

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Journals Reset
Select Journals

Article Types

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Article Types Reset
Select Article Types

Countries / Regions

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Countries / Regions Reset
Select Countries / Regions
Update Search
share announcement

Search Results (5)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = FAVAD equation

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
22 pages, 1512 KB  
Article
Leakage Modelling in Water Distribution Networks: A Novel Framework for Embedding FAVAD Formulation into EPANET 2.2
by Zahreddine Hafsi, Carlo Giudicianni and Enrico Creaco
Water 2026, 18(1), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18010100 - 1 Jan 2026
Viewed by 687
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel framework for embedding the Fixed And Variable Area Discharge (FAVAD) equation into the software EPANET 2.2 for the simulation of water distribution networks (WDNs). This framework yields a realistic model of leakage outflows that accounts for the expansion [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a novel framework for embedding the Fixed And Variable Area Discharge (FAVAD) equation into the software EPANET 2.2 for the simulation of water distribution networks (WDNs). This framework yields a realistic model of leakage outflows that accounts for the expansion of the leak area as a function of service pressure. Without altering the source code of EPANET, this is accomplished by using node emitters and by iteratively adjusting emitter coefficients in the Matlab® (R2023a) environment to mimic the effects of the FAVAD equation along WDN pipes. An additional benefit consists of preventing backflow occurring under negative pressure conditions in EPANET 2.2. The application to two benchmark WDNs under various leakage configurations demonstrates the robustness and the numerical efficiency of the framework, as well as the impact and benefits of the FAVAD formulation. For instance, for pipes with higher elasticity, omitting the expansion of the leak area leads to an underestimation of the total leakage rate that exceeds 30% for one of the studied cases. Furthermore, the algorithm successfully prevents leakage backflow under both demand-driven and pressure-driven analyses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Urban Water Management)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 5074 KB  
Article
Analysis of MNF and FAVAD Model for Leakage Characterization by Exploiting Smart-Metered Data: The Case of the Gorino Ferrarese (FE-Italy) District
by Irene Marzola, Stefano Alvisi and Marco Franchini
Water 2021, 13(5), 643; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13050643 - 27 Feb 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5932
Abstract
Leakages in water distribution systems have great economic and environmental impacts and are a major issue for water utilities. In this work, the water balance and the Minimum Night Flow (MNF) method for evaluating the amount of water loss, as well as the [...] Read more.
Leakages in water distribution systems have great economic and environmental impacts and are a major issue for water utilities. In this work, the water balance and the Minimum Night Flow (MNF) method for evaluating the amount of water loss, as well as the power and Fixed and Variable Area Discharge (FAVAD) equations for analyzing the relationship between leakage and pressure, were applied to a fully monitored District Metered Area (DMA) located in Gorino Ferrarese (FE, Italy). Time series of (a) the water consumption of each user, (b) the DMA inflow, and (c) the pressure at the DMA inlet point were monitored with a 5 min time step. The results of an analysis carried out by exploiting the collected time series highlighted that: (a) The application of the MNF method based on literature values can lead to significant inaccuracies in the presence of users with irregular consumption, and (b) the estimation of the parameters of the power and FAVAD equations is highly affected by the amounts and types of observed data used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safeguarding the Provision of Good Quality and Adequate Quantity of Water Today: Answering to Challenges, Threats and Dilemmas)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 636 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Minimum Night Flow Analysis and Application of the Fixed and Variable Area Discharges Model for Characterizing Leakage in the Gorino Ferrarese (FE-Italy) District
by Irene Marzola, Stefano Alvisi and Marco Franchini
Environ. Sci. Proc. 2020, 2(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2020002008 - 9 Aug 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3651
Abstract
Leakage in water distribution systems is an important issue and of major interest for water utilities. In this study, the Minimum Night Flow (MNF) method to quantify the amount of water lost and the equations representing the relationship between pressure and leakage in [...] Read more.
Leakage in water distribution systems is an important issue and of major interest for water utilities. In this study, the Minimum Night Flow (MNF) method to quantify the amount of water lost and the equations representing the relationship between pressure and leakage in power and FAVAD (Fixed and Variable Area Discharge) forms were applied to a District Metered Area (DMA) located in Gorino Ferrarese (FE, Italy) equipped with smart meters. The analysis carried out by exploiting the collected time series of user water consumption, DMA inflow, and pressure highlighted that: (a) the MNF method can lead to significant inaccuracy in leakage estimation in the presence of users with irregular consumptions, when based on literature values, and (b) the estimation of the parameters of the power and FAVAD equation is highly affected by the number and types of observed data used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th EWaS International Conference: Valuing the Water, Carbon, Ecological Footprints of Human Activities)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 660 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Pre-Localization Approach of Leaks on a Water Distribution Network by Optimization of the Hydraulic Model Using an Evolutionary Algorithm
by Karima Sebbagh, Abdelhamid Safri and Moula Zabot
Proceedings 2018, 2(11), 588; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110588 - 3 Aug 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3023
Abstract
The sustainable management of water distribution networks is a crucial challenge especially in emerging countries. The distribution networks have very low efficiency with very high levels of leaks. Locating and prioritizing of water leakage areas becomes a main concern for public services, to [...] Read more.
The sustainable management of water distribution networks is a crucial challenge especially in emerging countries. The distribution networks have very low efficiency with very high levels of leaks. Locating and prioritizing of water leakage areas becomes a main concern for public services, to optimize the use of resources and improve constancy of supply. A decision support approach was proposed to locate areas with higher leakage rate. It is based on the resolution of the FAVAD equation (Fixed And Variable Area Discharge). The determination of FAVAD parameters enables to simulate the quantities and the location of the leaks, through the use of genetic algorithms coupled with hydraulic modeling and the geographical information system (GIS). Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EWaS3 2018)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 279 KB  
Proceeding Paper
The Dependence of Water Consumption on the Pressure Conditions and Sensitivity Analysis of the Input Parameters
by Ladislav Tuhovcak, Tomas Suchacek and Jan Rucka
Proceedings 2018, 2(11), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110592 - 2 Aug 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2192
Abstract
The paper presents results and sensitivity analysis of the results of a real detailed study focused on changes in water consumption and its unevenness with changing pressure conditions in a particular observed office building. The dependence of water consumption on pressure is expressed [...] Read more.
The paper presents results and sensitivity analysis of the results of a real detailed study focused on changes in water consumption and its unevenness with changing pressure conditions in a particular observed office building. The dependence of water consumption on pressure is expressed using the FAVAD equation using the N3 coefficient. Parameters for sensitivity analysis are number of workers in the building, pulse value from water meter and length of time step for expressing unevenness of water consumption during the day. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of EWaS3 2018)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying article 1-50 on page 1 of 1.
Back to TopTop