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Keywords = Gotjawal wetland

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17 pages, 4522 KiB  
Article
Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid from a Novel Bacillus subtilis Strain: Strengthening the Skin Barrier and Improving Moisture Retention in Keratinocytes and a Reconstructed Skin Model
by Hyun-Ju Ko, SeoA Park, Eunjin Shin, Jinhwa Kim, Geun Soo Lee, Ye-Jin Lee, Sung Min Park, Jungno Lee and Chang-Gu Hyun
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(3), 983; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26030983 - 24 Jan 2025
Viewed by 2824
Abstract
A novel Bacillus subtilis HB-31 strain was isolated from Gotjawal Wetland in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. A mucus substance produced by this strain was identified as high-molecular-weight poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) using NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and size-exclusion chromatography/multi-angle light scattering analyses. [...] Read more.
A novel Bacillus subtilis HB-31 strain was isolated from Gotjawal Wetland in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. A mucus substance produced by this strain was identified as high-molecular-weight poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) using NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and size-exclusion chromatography/multi-angle light scattering analyses. We evaluated whether γ-PGA strengthened the skin barrier using keratinocytes and a reconstructed skin model. In keratinocytes, γ-PGA treatment dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression of skin barrier markers, including filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, serine palmitoyl transferase, fatty acid synthase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. γ-PGA also enhanced hyaluronic acid synthesis by upregulating hyaluronic acid synthase-1, -2, and -3 mRNA levels and promoted aquaporin 3 expression, which is involved in skin hydration. In the reconstructed skin model, topical application of 1% γ-PGA elevated filaggrin, involucrin, CD44, and aquaporin 3 expression, compared to the control. These results suggest that the newly isolated HB-31 can be used as a commercial production system of high-molecular-weight γ-PGA, which can serve as an effective ingredient for strengthening the skin barrier and improving moisture retention. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of γ-PGA on skin health and its application in treating skin conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
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