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Microstructure and Abrasive Wear Behavior of Fe–Cr–C Hardfacing on Hammer Tips for Sugarcane Shredders

by Buntoeng Srikarun, Hein Zaw Oo, Anuchit Teherng, Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim and Prapas Muangjunburee

Metals 2026, 16(6), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16060675 - 18 Jun 2026

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Abstract

This study investigates the influence of an austenitic buffer layer on the microstructure, hardness, and abrasive wear resistance of Fe–Cr–C hardfacing applied to high-chromium white cast iron (HCWCI) hammer tips used in sugarcane shredders. Hardfacing was performed by shielded metal arc welding with two Fe–Cr–C layers deposited directly on the HCWCI substrate and with an austenitic buffer layer followed by an Fe–Cr–C hardfacing layer. Microstructural characterization was carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, while hardness profiles were determined by micro-Vickers testing. Abrasive wear behavior was evaluated using a dry sand–rubber wheel test according to ASTM G65. The non-buffered hardfacing layer exhibited a hypereutectic Fe–Cr–C microstructure consisting of coarse primary chromium carbides, resulting in high hardness values of approximately 840 HV. In contrast, the buffered sample showed an austenite-rich matrix with finer eutectic carbides and reduced hardness of around 600 HV. Abrasive wear tests of the non-buffered sample showed a lower mass loss, whereas the buffered sample exhibited a substantially higher mass loss. These results demonstrate that Fe–Cr–C hardfacing without a buffer layer provides superior wear resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Welding and Joining)

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21 pages, 11093 KB

Open AccessArticle

Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour of Different Grades of WC-Co, High-Cr White Cast Irons and Hadfield Steel in 1 M Sulphuric Acid

by Johannes H. Potgieter, David Whitefield and Vivian Motsumi

Materials 2021, 14(20), 6130; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206130 - 15 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3244

Abstract

Electrochemical polarisation tests were carried out on three grades of WC-Co cemented carbides to investigate the corrosive behaviour of the hardmetals and rank them as viable protective liners for chutes and skips in the mining industry. The cobalt binder content and WC particle size varied. The binder content ranged from 6–12 wt%, and the grain size of the WC particles ranged from 0.4–2.3 µm. The performance of the WC-Co hardmetal was compared to three different grades of high chromium white cast irons and Hadfield steel. The cast irons varied in both their chromium content and the morphology of the Cr-rich primary carbides. Potentiodynamic polarisation and linear polarization resistance scans were used to determine the corrosion current density and other electrochemical parameters. The microstructural characteristics of the samples were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and optical microscopy. The potentiodynamic scans revealed that, although the WC-Co alloys were found to have generally improved corrosion resistance, it was the high-Cr white cast iron (22 wt% Cr) that recorded the lowest corrosion current density and therefore displayed the best resistance against corrosive attack in 1 M H₂SO₄. The Hadfield steel exhibited the poorest resistance to corrosion and therefore, suffered the most degradation to its exposed surface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Film Composition and Characteristics on Non-ferrous Corroded Metals and Alloys)

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