Search Results (161)

Background/Objectives: Social development in children is a significant aspect that supports appropriate behavior in the community, and parents, as the main caregivers, play a central role in developing social skills in children. However, caregivers experiencing mental health problems—such as depression, anxiety, and stress—may find it challenging to provide a nurturing rearing environment. This one-year follow-up study examined whether the baseline mental health of caregivers was associated with social skills in children 1 year later in an urban Indonesian context. Methods: A one-year follow-up study was conducted in an urban area of Indonesia in 2023–2024, inviting all nine kindergartens in the area to participate. Caregivers completed the demographic questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), while teachers assessed social skills in children using the Social Skills Scale (SSS). Linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts for kindergarten were estimated to account for clustering. Results: Finally, a total of 270 parent–child dyads were included. After adjusting for baseline social skills and covariates, higher levels of baseline caregiver depression (B = −0.15, p < 0.001), anxiety (B = −0.22, p < 0.001), and stress (B = −0.27, p < 0.001) were associated with lower social skills in children in the follow-up. Conclusions: Even subclinical variations in caregiver mental health problems may be meaningfully associated with social development in children over time. The findings highlight mental health in caregivers as a potentially important factor associated with early social development in an urban setting of Indonesia. Full article

The implementation of Indonesia’s Merdeka Belajar policy requires transformative leadership approaches to address post-COVID-19 educational disruption. This study examines the associations between e-leadership, the adoption of disruptive learning innovations, and the implementation of the Merdeka Belajar policy in Indonesian junior high schools. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model, Social Cognitive Theory, and Digital Leadership Theory, we surveyed 162 principals in Bandung City using proportionate stratified random sampling and validated instruments demonstrating satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.842–0.891; CR = 0.857–0.906), convergent validity (factor loadings = 0.717–0.921; AVE = 0.571–0.671), and discriminant validity. E-leadership significantly predicted disruptive learning innovation (β = 0.728, t = 18.394, p < 0.001, R² = 0.530). Disruptive learning innovation strongly predicted policy implementation (β = 0.790, t = 24.671, p < 0.001, R² = 0.624). E-leadership also exerted a significant direct effect on policy implementation (β = 0.126, p = 0.020). Mediation analysis confirmed that disruptive learning innovation mediates 82.0% of e-leadership’s effect on policy implementation (indirect β = 0.575, p < 0.001; VAF = 0.820), indicating predominant partial mediation, with high predictive relevance (Q² = 0.823). This study provides the first empirical evidence of e-leadership’s role in educational policy implementation through disruptive innovation mechanisms, contributing to digital leadership theory in educational contexts. While situated in the Indonesian Merdeka Belajar context, the framework generalizes to educational systems worldwide implementing digital transformation, competency-based curriculum reforms, and technology-enhanced learning initiatives, offering practical guidance for school principals navigating 21st-century educational change globally. Practical implications include prioritizing e-communication and e-trustworthiness training for school leaders, allocating resources to support innovation adoption infrastructure, and establishing digital platforms for implementation monitoring. Full article

Population aging poses a growing public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. Functional independence is a key determinant of older adults’ quality of life, yet integrated community-based health promotion Models addressing this issue remain limited. This study developed and empirically validated an Integrated 5I Health Promotion Model (Identify, Inspire, Initiate, Integrate, and Impact) to enhance independence and quality of life among older adults in an urban Indonesian setting. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 240 older adults in Surakarta, Indonesia, using proportional cluster sampling from community activity groups. The integrated 5I Model was constructed based on the Health Belief Model, the Logic Model, and a pentahelix approach. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the modified PASE (including religious activities), and an expanded WHOQOL-BREF (incorporating spirituality, freedom, and happiness). The data were analyzed using path analysis to examine direct and indirect relationships among internal and external factors, perceptions, participation, independence, and quality of life. The model demonstrated good structural fit and explained a substantial proportion of variance in independence and quality of life. Perception and participation played significant mediating roles between the internal and external factors and independence. Increased independence was significantly associated with improved quality of life among older adults. Participation showed the most substantial direct effect with physical independence (β = 3.018, p < 0.001), while independence was significantly associated with quality of life (β = 0.599, p < 0.001). Participation was also found to have a significant direct impact on the quality of life (β = 2.376, p = 0.003). The model demonstrated excellent fit (CFI = 1.000; RMSEA = 0.000; SRMR = 0.012). The Integrated 5I Health Promotion Model offers a pragmatic, scalable framework for community-based interventions to promote independence and quality of life among aging populations in urban low- and middle-income settings. This model has important implications for public health programs and policies targeting healthy and active aging. Full article

This study examines the influence of stakeholder engagement with corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures on social media and corporate financial performance, grounded in legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory. Using a panel dataset of 388 firm-year observations of Indonesian listed companies over the period 2019–2022, we investigate how stakeholder interactions across four social media platforms—Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube—relate to firm performance measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Panel data regression results reveal that stakeholder engagement on visual-based platforms plays a significant role in enhancing financial performance. In particular, Instagram likes and YouTube likes are positively associated with ROA (β = 0.0004, p < 0.05; β = 0.0002, p < 0.05), while Instagram comments, YouTube likes, and YouTube views show a significant positive relationship with ROE (β = 0.011, p < 0.01; β = 0.0006, p < 0.01; β = 0.000249, p < 0.01). In contrast, engagement metrics on Facebook and Twitter do not exhibit a statistically significant association with firm performance. These findings suggest that stakeholder engagement with CSR disclosures through high-engagement, visual-oriented social media platforms can strengthen corporate legitimacy and stakeholder relationships, ultimately contributing to improved financial outcomes. The study highlights the strategic importance of platform-specific digital communication in enhancing firm performance. Full article

The rise in social media has transformed Online Travel Agencies (OTAs) into platforms where users actively share their experiences and opinions. However, conventional opinion mining approaches often fail to capture nuanced emotional expressions or connect them to user influence. To address this gap, this study introduces an ontology-driven opinion mining framework that integrates multi-class emotion classification, aspect-based analysis, and influence modeling using Indonesian-language discussions from the social media platform X. The framework combines an OTA-specific ontology that formally represents service aspects such as booking support, financial, platform experience, and event with fine-tuned IndoBERT for emotion recognition and sentiment polarity detection, and Social Network Analysis (SNA) enhanced by entropy weighting and TOPSIS to quantify and rank user influence. The results show that the fine-tuned IndoBERT performs strongly with respect to identification and sentiment polarity detection, with moderate results for multi-class emotion classification. Emotion labels enrich the ontology by linking user opinions to their affective context, enabling the deeper interpretation of customer experiences and service-related issues. The influence analysis further reveals that structural network properties, particularly betweenness, closeness, and eigenvector centrality, serve as the primary determinants of user influence, while engagement indicators act as discriminative amplifiers that highlight users whose content attains high visibility. Overall, the proposed framework offers a comprehensive and interpretable approach to understanding public perception in Indonesian-language OTA discussions. It advances opinion mining for low-resource languages by bridging semantic ontology modeling, emotional understanding, and influence analysis, while providing practical insights for OTAs to enhance service responsiveness, manage emotional engagement, and strengthen digital communication strategies. Full article

The Indonesian coastline holds significant potential for aquaculture but is increasingly vulnerable to climate change impacts such as land subsidence, salinization, and floodings. Ensuring stable income for local communities is essential, especially during extreme events like King Tides, which cause extensive floodings. This study assessed the productivity and economic returns of an agaroid seaweed monoculture compared to co-cultivation with Giant tiger prawn, Milkfish, and Barramundi during a King Tide. The experiment was conducted in conventional ponds with seaweed monoculture or combined with one of the three other commodities. The experiment ran from May until October in 2022 and was performed in triplicate. Floodings equalized water parameters. The results demonstrated that all systems provided stable income, with co-cultivation increasing profitability. Average revenues per hectare were USD 777 (seaweed monoculture), USD 832 (with shrimp), USD 1622 (with Milkfish), and USD 2014 (with Barramundi). Agar content was significantly higher in the seaweed monoculture, and gel strength was found to be significantly higher in the seaweeds co-cultivated with shrimp and Milkfish. Total agar production did not differ between the treatments. These findings suggest that integrated aquaculture systems can enhance income resilience while supporting food security in climate-impacted coastal zones. The approach offers a promising strategy for combining livelihood stability with adaptive coastal management and reduced environmental impact but needs to be tailored to local conditions. Full article

The Indonesian palm oil industry faces enduring social, environmental, and sustainability challenges stemming from rapid expansion over the past decade. Although technologies exist to enhance productivity and balance economic and ecological goals, adoption among smallholders remains limited. This study explores how rural communities respond to the climate crisis and how social and environmental justice is distributed within palm oil-producing regions in Indonesia. Using an exploratory qualitative design grounded in a collective social change perspective, data were collected through observations and document studies to examine institutional dynamics influencing smallholder behavior. The analysis applies institutional logic to understand smallholder attitudes toward sustainability and innovation, and institutional context to assess constraints such as limited access to land, credit, and technical resources. Findings reveal that structural barriers—including corruption, weak legal certainty, and social exclusion—impede innovation and reinforce inequality. This study contributes theoretically by integrating eco-colonialism, intersectionality, and political ecology frameworks to advance understanding of socio-ecological justice in palm oil governance. It highlights how gender, ethnicity, and class shape access to resources, vulnerability, and resilience, emphasizing that environmental issues are embedded in broader power structures rooted in colonial legacies and neoliberal policies. Practically, the research calls for community-centered, participatory policies that recognize customary land rights, institutionalize transparent licensing and FPIC processes, and strengthen smallholder capacity through ISPO-aligned training. These measures can foster inclusive governance, mitigate conflict, and enhance sustainability, contributing to more equitable and resilient palm oil supply chains. Full article

Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHRs) remain a sensitive issue in Indonesia due to entrenched structural, cultural, and social barriers, particularly affecting adolescents, women, and minority groups. In response, the Indonesian Planned Parenthood Association of Yogyakarta Special Region (PKBI DIY) actively promotes SRHR access through value-based, community-centred communication strategies. This study explores how PKBI DIY applies strategic communication to strengthen SRHR advocacy by employing collaborative and participatory methods. Using a qualitative case study approach, researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 11 key informants. Thematic analysis identified three core strategies. First, PKBI DIY fosters inclusive and non-discriminatory communication through educational outreach that challenges stigma and engages diverse audiences. Second, it adopts value-driven, community-focused communication practices that reflect its organisational ethos and build public trust. Third, it practices reflective and collaborative communication with government bodies, civil society, and the media to reinforce advocacy and ensure sustainable outcomes. PKBI DIY illustrates that NGO communication transcends message delivery by embodying advocacy values, affirming organisational identity, and supporting long-term impact. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on value-based strategic communication in human rights work and provide practical guidance for NGOs aiming to implement ethical and socially impactful communication models in SRHR. Full article

The uniqueness of traditional houses in Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi lies in the use of natural materials. However, over time, this uniqueness has become increasingly rare. The contributing factors include a lack of public awareness about the importance of preserving traditional house culture, the absence of standardized designs, uncertainty regarding the quantity of required building materials, and difficulties in sourcing materials. If left unaddressed, these issues could lead to the loss of the uniqueness of traditional houses. This study employs observation methods to produce designs that align with ancestral traditions, interviews to gather detailed information, and structural analysis based on SNI 7973:2013 standards using the SAP2000 application. These approaches aim to determine effective and safe wooden material dimensions in accordance with Indonesian standards. The primary goal of this research is to produce a traditional house design that meets both cultural and national standards, serving as a guideline for the Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi community in building traditional houses. Additionally, the findings are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers in providing resources for building materials, supporting the preservation of these unique traditional houses. Full article

Professional development (PD) is crucial for teacher growth, yet research on EFL instructors in higher education remains scarce. In Indonesia, PD research focuses more on secondary and primary school teachers, and the research that emphasises EFL teachers’ professionalism is limited. However, EFL teachers’ PD plays an important role in preparing future teachers for better employment opportunities and international communication, so it is a critical component of higher education curricula. This study explores the impact of professional development programs on EFL instructors in Indonesian universities, focusing on types of professional development programs and personal initiatives. Ten EFL instructors from five different universities in Indonesia were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Using a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews, thematic analysis reveals that most professional development efforts are self-driven rather than institutionally supported. Key impacts of professional development programs and activities they have participated in on their professionalism include research collaboration, publication skills, ELT strategy improvements, networking, reflective teaching, and language proficiency gains. The findings underscore the need for customised professional development programs that address educators’ specific contexts, ensuring sustainable enhancements in teaching practices. This study highlights the critical role of independent professional development efforts in higher education and provides insights into structuring more impactful support systems for EFL instructors globally. Full article

According to the literature, the advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) has increased individual exposure to scams, turning fraud victimization into a significant concern. While prior research has primarily focused on socio-demographic predictors of fraud victimization, this study adopts a behavioral perspective that is grounded in the Signal Detection Theory (SDT) to investigate the likelihood determinants of individuals becoming fraud victims. Using survey data of 671 Indonesian respondents analyzed with the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), we explored the roles of vigilance and financial literacy in moderating the relationship between fraud exposure and victimization. Our findings substantiate the notion that higher exposure to fraudulent activity significantly increases the likelihood of victimization. The results also show that vigilance negatively moderates the relationship between fraud exposure and fraud victimization, suggesting that individuals with higher vigilance are better at identifying scams, thereby decreasing their likelihood of becoming fraud victims. Furthermore, financial literacy is positively related to vigilance, indicating that financially literate individuals are more aware of potential scams. However, the predictive power of financial literacy on vigilance is relatively low. Hence, while literacy helps a person sharpen their indicators for detecting fraud, psychological, behavioral, and contextual factors may also affect their vigilance and decision-making. Full article

Background and Objectives: Anemia and stunting are major public health concerns for young Indonesian children. Limited information is available from studies on multi-micronutrient supplements in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 12-month multi-micronutrient powder (MNP) supplementation on serum hemoglobin levels, anemia, and growth. Methods: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study was performed, including 232 eligible children aged 8–10 months old. Children with severe anemia or stunting/those classed as underweight were not included as subjects. The study was performed in a low-socioeconomic-status community in Jakarta. With an active-to-placebo ratio of 60:40, 139 subjects received MNP sachets twice/day, and 93 subjects received placebo sachets, mixed with complementary food. The outcome parameters were hemoglobin level, anemia, and growth indicators. Per-protocol analysis was performed for 179 (intervention: 110; control: 69) subjects. Results: There were no differences at baseline between the groups, except for the weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ). Upon intervention, the serum hemoglobin level and anemia proportion did not change significantly within the group, and no significant differences were found between the groups (p > 0.05). However, subgroup analysis of non-anemic children at baseline showed a significant increase in hemoglobin levels in the youngest age group (8.0–8.9 months old) receiving MNP compared to placebo (0.13 vs. −0.79, p = 0.031). Iron deficiency anemia proportion showed a similar upward trend upon intervention in both groups. No significant differences in growth were found between both groups. Conclusions: This study failed to find a significant effect of 12-month MNP supplementation on serum hemoglobin level, anemia, and growth. Full article

Beta-thalassemia major is an inherited disorder that requires lifelong blood transfusions, with the risk of complications including poor oral health and dental caries. The objective of this study was to compare the oral microbiome diversity and composition in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients and relate it to oral hygiene and dental caries. A cross-sectional analysis of 35 patients of beta-thalassemia major aged 6–18 years was performed. The status of oral hygiene was examined through the Oral Hygiene Index—Simplified (OHI-S) and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Saliva was taken for DNA extraction, followed by the 16S rRNA sequencing of V3-V4 hypervariable regions. The bioinformatics pipeline in QIIME2 was utilized for analyzing the comparison of microbial composition and diversity in groups of varying oral hygiene status and severity of caries. Metagenomic analysis revealed 3334 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs), of which the most prevalent genera were Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Veillonella, Rothia, and Prevotella. High-oral-hygiene groups presented increased levels of cariogenic bacteria, while moderate-oral-hygiene groups presented an equilibrated microbiome. No statistically significant differences in microbial diversity were found between the study groups (p > 0.05). This study sheds light on the critical importance of oral hygiene in microbiome diversity in patients with beta-thalassemia major. Full article

Island communities that depend on mainland grid connections face substantial risks when natural disasters sever undersea or overhead cables, often resulting in long-lasting outages. This paper presents a comprehensive and novel two-part methodological framework for enhancing the resilience of these communities through networked microgrids that interconnect local renewable energy resources and battery storage. The framework integrates techno-economic capacity optimization using HOMER Pro with agent-based simulation in AnyLogic to determine cost-effective solar and storage capacities and to model dynamic real-time dispatch under varying conditions. Six island communities across three Indonesian provinces serve as illustrative case studies, tested under best-case and worst-case disruption scenarios that reflect seasonal extremes of solar availability. Simulation results reveal that isolated expansions of PV and battery storage can ensure critical residential loads, though certain islands with limited resources continue to experience shortfalls. By contrast, networked microgrids enable surplus power transfers between islands, significantly reducing unmet demand and alleviating the need for large-scale, individual storage. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of clustered microgrid designs to improve reliability, lower operational costs, and facilitate secure energy supply even during prolonged cable outages. The proposed framework offers a scalable roadmap for deploying resilient microgrid clusters in remote regions, with direct policy implications for system planners and local stakeholders seeking to leverage renewable energy in high-risk environments. Full article

Stunting—defined by the World Health Organization as a height-for-age z-score < −2 SD—signals chronic undernutrition that impairs both physical and cognitive development. This study investigates how the three pillars of food security (availability, access, utilization) influence stunting prevention efforts in the Bondowoso Regency, East Java, Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey of 113 mothers of stunted children (0–59 months) was analysed with Structural Equation Modelling using Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM). The model reveals significant positive paths from food security pillars to composite stunting prevention behaviours (β = 0.18–0.86, p < 0.05), with availability emerging as the strongest predictor. These findings highlight food security as a lever for reducing the local stunting prevalence (local 32% vs. national 24.4%) and provide evidence for community-based nutrition programmes in similar agrarian districts. Strengthening food security is therefore essential to safeguarding child well-being in vulnerable Indonesian communities. Full article