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Keywords = Regiella insecticola wheat aphid

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14 pages, 3281 KiB  
Article
Influence of Bacterial Secondary Symbionts in Sitobion avenae on Its Survival Fitness against Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum
by Sajjad Ali, Asif Sajjad, Qaiser Shakeel, M. Aslam Farooqi, M. Anjum Aqueel, Kaleem Tariq, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Aamir Iqbal, Aftab Jamal, Muhammad Farhan Saeed and Barbara Manachini
Insects 2022, 13(11), 1037; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13111037 - 9 Nov 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2398
Abstract
The research was focused on the ability of wheat aphids Sitobion avenae, harboring bacterial secondary symbionts (BSS) Hamiltonella defensa or Regiella insecticola, to withstand exposure to fungal isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum. In comparison to aphids lacking bacterial [...] Read more.
The research was focused on the ability of wheat aphids Sitobion avenae, harboring bacterial secondary symbionts (BSS) Hamiltonella defensa or Regiella insecticola, to withstand exposure to fungal isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum. In comparison to aphids lacking bacterial secondary symbionts, BSS considerably increased the lifespan of wheat aphids exposed to B. bassiana strains (Bb1022, EABb04/01-Tip) and M. brunneum strains (ART 2825 and BIPESCO 5) and also reduced the aphids’ mortality. The wheat aphid clones lacking bacterial secondary symbionts were shown to be particularly vulnerable to M. brunneum strain BIPESCO 5. As opposed to wheat aphids carrying bacterial symbionts, fungal pathogens infected the wheat aphids lacking H. defensa and R. insecticola more quickly. When treated with fungal pathogens, bacterial endosymbionts had a favorable effect on the fecundity of their host aphids compared to the aphids lacking these symbionts, but there was no change in fungal sporulation on the deceased aphids. By defending their insect hosts against natural enemies, BSS increase the population of their host society and may have a significant impact on the development of their hosts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Pest and Vector Management)
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11 pages, 2607 KiB  
Article
Bacterial Symbionts Confer Thermal Tolerance to Cereal Aphids Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae
by Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed, Samy Sayed, Zhang Bo, Ahmed Raza and Chun-Sen Ma
Insects 2022, 13(3), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13030231 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2822
Abstract
High-temperature events are evidenced to exert significant influence on the population performance and thermal biology of insects, such as aphids. However, it is not yet clear whether the bacterial symbionts of insects mediate the thermal tolerance traits of their hosts. This study is [...] Read more.
High-temperature events are evidenced to exert significant influence on the population performance and thermal biology of insects, such as aphids. However, it is not yet clear whether the bacterial symbionts of insects mediate the thermal tolerance traits of their hosts. This study is intended to assess the putative association among the chronic and acute thermal tolerance of two cereal aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and Sitobion avenae (F.), and the abundance of their bacterial symbionts. The clones of aphids were collected randomly from different fields of wheat crops and were maintained under laboratory conditions. Basal and acclimated CTmax and chronic thermal tolerance indices were measured for 5-day-old apterous aphid individuals and the abundance (gene copy numbers) of aphid-specific and total (16S rRNA) bacterial symbionts were determined using real-time RT-qPCR. The results reveal that R. padi individuals were more temperature tolerant under chronic exposure to 31 °C and also exhibited about 1.0 °C higher acclimated and basal CTmax values than those of S. avenae. Moreover, a significantly higher bacterial symbionts’ gene abundance was recorded in temperature-tolerant aphid individuals than the susceptible ones for both aphid species. Although total bacterial (16S rRNA) abundance per aphid was higher in S. avenae than R. padi, the gene abundance of aphid-specific bacterial symbionts was nearly alike for both of the aphid species. Nevertheless, basal and acclimated CTmax values were positively and significantly associated with the gene abundance of total symbiont density, Buchnera aphidicola, Serratia symbiotica, Hamilton defensa, Regiella insecticola and Spiroplasma spp. for R. padi, and with the total symbiont density, total bacteria (16S rRNA) and with all aphid-specific bacterial symbionts (except Spiroplasma spp.) for S. avenae. The overall study results corroborate the potential role of the bacterial symbionts of aphids in conferring thermal tolerance to their hosts. Full article
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15 pages, 2097 KiB  
Article
Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Aphid–Parasitoid Interaction under Different Climates
by Daniela A. Sepúlveda, Gonzalo Barrueto, Margarita C. G. Correa, Luis E. Castañeda and Christian C. Figueroa
Agriculture 2021, 11(4), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040344 - 12 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2996
Abstract
Global warming will increase pest insect population sizes and diminish the effectiveness of biological control. This biological control failure scenario appears to be of particular concern for areas with a significant increase in maximum temperatures, such as the increase experienced in the Central [...] Read more.
Global warming will increase pest insect population sizes and diminish the effectiveness of biological control. This biological control failure scenario appears to be of particular concern for areas with a significant increase in maximum temperatures, such as the increase experienced in the Central Valley of Chile over the last 40 years. We assessed the impact of different climatic zones and maximum temperatures along the coast and the Chilean Central Valley on the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) density, parasitism rate, and facultative endosymbionts in wheat fields during the growing season in the springs of 2017 and 2018. A significant effect on aphid density due to zones and maximum temperatures was detected; however, this depended on the zone and year analyzed. Changes between zones and seasons were observed for parasitism rates, while maximum temperatures only significantly affected the parasitism rate in 2017. The main parasitoid wasp found was Aphidius ervi in both zones and seasons. Regiella insecticola infected 95% of the samples in both zones, although it does not seem to have a protective role at the field level. Our findings suggest that, at present, global warming does not significantly affect the grain aphid outbreaks and their biological control in Chile. However, this study points out the importance of pre-emptive monitoring to detect aphids and the synchrony loss of their parasitoid wasps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pest Control and Insect Behavioral Ecology)
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