Sign in to use this feature.

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Journals

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Article Types

Countries / Regions

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Search Results (9,483)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = Serbia

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
20 pages, 7255 KiB  
Article
Cardiovascular Manifestations of Patients with Long COVID
by Gordana Krljanac, Milika Asanin, Mihajlo Viduljevic, Stefan Stankovic, Kristina Simatovic, Ratko Lasica, Olga Nedeljkovic-Arsenovic, Ruzica Maksimovic, Slavisa Zagorac, Ana Savic-Radojevic, Tatjana Djukic, Goran Stevanovic, Vedrana Pavlovic and Tatjana Simic
Diagnostics 2025, 15(14), 1771; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15141771 (registering DOI) - 13 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the potential mechanisms behind changes in cardiac structure and function in long COVID patients. Methods: This study involved 176 consecutive outpatients in follow-up care (average age 55.9 years; 58.5% male) who experienced symptoms for over 12 weeks [...] Read more.
Background: This study investigates the potential mechanisms behind changes in cardiac structure and function in long COVID patients. Methods: This study involved 176 consecutive outpatients in follow-up care (average age 55.9 years; 58.5% male) who experienced symptoms for over 12 weeks (average 6.2 ± 2.7 months), following coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Results: The patients with long COVID and cardiovascular manifestations were significantly more hospitalized (88.5% vs. 75.9%) and had longer hospital stays. Significant echocardiography changes were observed in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (59.6 ± 5.4% vs. 62.5 ± 3.8%); longitudinal strain (LS) in the sub-endocardium and intra-myocardium layers (−20.9 vs. −22.0% and −18.6 vs. −19.5%); circumferential strain (CS) in the sub-epicardium layers (−9.6 vs. −10.5%); and CS post-systolic shortening (CS PSS) (0.138 vs. 0.088 s). Additionally, pathological cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings were seen in 58.2% of the group of patients with long COVID and cardiovascular manifestation; 43.3% exhibited positive late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), 21.0% had elevated native T1 mapping, and 22.4% had elevated native T2 mapping. Conclusions: Most patients with long COVID showed structural and functional changes in their cardiovascular systems, primarily caused by prolonged inflammation. Using multimodality imaging is important for uncovering the mechanisms to predict chronic myocarditis, early-stage heart failure, and pre-ischemic states, which can lead to serious complications. Recognizing the specific cardiovascular phenotypes associated with long COVID is essential in order to provide timely and appropriate treatment. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 450 KiB  
Systematic Review
Activated Clotting Time and Haemostatic Complications in Patients Receiving ECMO Support: A Systematic Review
by Daniel Schwaiger, Lukas Schausberger, Benedikt Treml, Dragana Jadzic, Nicole Innerhofer, Christoph Oberleitner, Zoran Bukumirić, Igor Spurnić and Sasa Rajsic
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12(7), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12070267 (registering DOI) - 13 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) requires systemic anticoagulation to prevent clotting, typically using unfractionated heparin (UFH). However, anticoagulation carries a bleeding risk, necessitating monitoring. Activated clotting time (ACT) is a commonly used monitoring tool for UFH anticoagulation. However, systematized evidence linking ACT [...] Read more.
Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) requires systemic anticoagulation to prevent clotting, typically using unfractionated heparin (UFH). However, anticoagulation carries a bleeding risk, necessitating monitoring. Activated clotting time (ACT) is a commonly used monitoring tool for UFH anticoagulation. However, systematized evidence linking ACT monitoring with haemostatic complications (bleeding and thrombosis) is missing. Methods: A systematic review (Scopus and PubMed, up to 13 July 2024) including studies reporting on the patients receiving ECMO support with UFH anticoagulation monitored using ACT was performed. Results: A total of 3536 publications were identified, of which 30 (2379 patients) were included in the final review. Thirteen studies found no significant association between ACT values and haemorrhage, while four studies suggested a relationship between elevated ACT levels and bleeding events. Eight studies demonstrated no association between ACT values and the occurrence of thrombosis. Major bleeding was most common (49%, 13 studies with 501 events), while the pooled rate of thrombosis was 25% (16 studies with 309 events) and in-hospital mortality was 51% (17 studies, 693/1390 patients). Conclusions: Despite advancements in ECMO, the optimal approach for anticoagulation monitoring remains undefined. Most studies in this review did not establish a significant relationship between ACT levels and haemostatic complications. Based on the current evidence, ACT does not appear to be a reliable tool for monitoring anticoagulation in patients receiving ECMO, and alternative methods should be considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Critical Care Update: Cardiology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1312 KiB  
Article
An Evaluation of Four Radiological Methods for Dental Age Estimation in the Montenegrin Population
by Tina Pajevic, Nemanja Marinkovic, Ivan Arsic, Jovan Markovic, Petar Milovanovic, Zorana Stamenkovic and Nenad Nedeljkovic
Diagnostics 2025, 15(14), 1769; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15141769 (registering DOI) - 13 Jul 2025
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of four radiological methods for dental age estimation and to test which method is the most reliable in Montenegrin children. Methods: To determine dental age, we examined 351 panoramic radiographs of [...] Read more.
Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of four radiological methods for dental age estimation and to test which method is the most reliable in Montenegrin children. Methods: To determine dental age, we examined 351 panoramic radiographs of 190 female and 161 male children between the ages of 6 and 12 using the Demirjian method, Willems method, the European formula, and the BAF. The estimated dental age was compared with the chronological age, and the average, absolute, and standard deviations were calculated. Results: When comparing dental age to chronological age in females, overestimation occurred when using the Demirjian and Willems methods, whereas the European formula and the BAF resulted in underestimations. Only the European formula underestimated dental age in males, while the other three methods caused overestimations in comparison to chronological age. The European formula and the BAF revealed that, when all age groups were included, approximately 57.1–61% of patients deviated from their chronological age by less than six months. When using Demirjian’s method, nearly 30–35% of patients had dental ages that were either overestimated or underestimated by more than a year. Conclusions: The most accurate method for estimating the dental age of children under 13 in the Montenegrin population is the European formula. The Demirjian method had the lowest accuracy, whereas that in the BAF and the Willems method was similar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Dental Imaging, Oral Diagnosis, and Forensic Dentistry)
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 389 KiB  
Article
Global DNA Methylation in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association with Redox and Inflammatory Biomarkers
by Sanja Vujcic, Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic, Zoran Vujcic, Sanja Stojanovic, Teodora Beljic Zivkovic, Miljanka Vuksanovic, Milica Marjanovic Petkovic, Iva Perovic Blagojevic, Branka Koprivica-Uzelac, Sanja Ilic-Mijailovic, Manfredi Rizzo, Aleksandra Zeljkovic, Tatjana Stefanovic, Srecko Bosic and Jelena Vekic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(14), 6716; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146716 (registering DOI) - 13 Jul 2025
Abstract
Although emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), data remain limited for patients with suboptimal metabolic control. The aim of this study was to assess global DNA methylation in patients with poorly [...] Read more.
Although emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), data remain limited for patients with suboptimal metabolic control. The aim of this study was to assess global DNA methylation in patients with poorly controlled T2DM and to identify diabetes-related factors associated with DNA methylation levels. The study included 107 patients and 50 healthy controls. Global DNA methylation (5mC) was measured by UHPLC-DAD method. Pro-oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers, advanced glycation end-products, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and complete blood count were determined and leukocyte indices calculated. Patients had a significantly lower 5mC than controls (3.56 ± 0.31% vs. 4.00 ± 0.68%; p < 0.001), with further reductions observed in those with longer disease duration and diabetic foot ulcers. Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were higher in the patient group. DNA hypomethylation was associated with a higher monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and hsCRP, pro-oxidant–antioxidant balance, ischemia-modified albumin, and advanced oxidation protein products levels. Conversely, 5mC levels showed positive correlations with total antioxidant status and total sulfhydryl groups. Principal component analysis identified five key factors: proinflammatory, pro-oxidant, aging, hyperglycemic, and antioxidant. The pro-oxidant factor emerged as the sole independent predictor of global DNA hypomethylation in T2DM (OR = 2.294; p = 0.027). Our results indicate that global DNA hypomethylation could be a biomarker of T2DM progression, reflecting the complex interactions between oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications in T2DM. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 448 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Urban Resilience: Integrating Actions for Resilience (A4R) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) for Sustainable Urban Development and Proactive Hazard Mitigation
by Goran Janaćković, Žarko Vranjanac and Dejan Vasović
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6408; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146408 (registering DOI) - 13 Jul 2025
Abstract
Hazards stemming from extreme natural events have exhibited heightened prominence in recent years. The natural hazard management process adopts a comprehensive approach that encompasses all stakeholders involved in the disaster management cycle. “Actions for Resilience” (A4R) represents a standardised concept derived from ISO/TR [...] Read more.
Hazards stemming from extreme natural events have exhibited heightened prominence in recent years. The natural hazard management process adopts a comprehensive approach that encompasses all stakeholders involved in the disaster management cycle. “Actions for Resilience” (A4R) represents a standardised concept derived from ISO/TR 22370:2020 that integrates principles from various scientific disciplines to enhance resilience in systems, whether they are socio-ecological systems, communities, or organisations. A4R emphasises proactive measures and interventions aimed at fostering resilience rather than merely reacting to crises or disruptions. It recognises that resilience is a multifaceted concept influenced by various factors, including social, economic, environmental, and institutional dimensions. Central to A4R is the understanding of complex system dynamics. Also, A4R involves rigorous risk assessment to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities within a system, as well as to build adaptive capacity within systems. A4R advocates for the development of resilience metrics and monitoring systems to assess the effectiveness of interventions and track changes in resilience over time. These metrics may include indicators related to social cohesion, ecosystem health, economic stability, and public infrastructure resilience. In this context, the study aims to apply the proposed hierarchy of factors and group decision-making using fuzzy numbers to identify strategic priorities for improving the urban resilience of the pilot area. The identified priority factors are then analysed across different scenarios, and corresponding actions are described in detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 1713 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Nontoxic Surfactant-Modified Kaolinite for Potential Application as an Adsorbent for Mycotoxins
by Milica Ožegović, Marija Marković, Aleksandra Daković, Milena Obradović, Danijela Smiljanić, George E. Rottinghaus, Vesna Jaćević, Ljubiša Ignjatović and Ivana Sredović Ignjatović
Minerals 2025, 15(7), 731; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15070731 (registering DOI) - 12 Jul 2025
Abstract
In this study, natural kaolin was modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) at two levels corresponding to 50% and 90% of its cation exchange capacity. The resulting materials, designated as HKR-50 and HKR-90, were used as adsorbents for the mycotoxins ochratoxin A (OCHRA) and [...] Read more.
In this study, natural kaolin was modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) at two levels corresponding to 50% and 90% of its cation exchange capacity. The resulting materials, designated as HKR-50 and HKR-90, were used as adsorbents for the mycotoxins ochratoxin A (OCHRA) and zearalenone (ZEN). The characterization of the HKRs with several methods (X-ray diffraction, DRIFT spectroscopy, thermal analysis (DTA/TG), SEM, zeta potential measurements, and the determination of the point of zero charge and textural properties) confirmed the presence of surfactant ions on the organokaolinites’ surfaces. The adsorption of ZEN and OCHRA by HKRs followed nonlinear adsorption isotherms, suggesting a complex adsorption mechanism. The adsorption capacities of ZEN and OCHRA were similar for HKR-50 and HKR-90 at pH 3, with higher adsorption observed for ZEN (~13.0 mg/g for HKR-50 and HKR-90 for ZEN and ~8.0 mg/g for HKR-50 and HKR-90 for OCHRA). At pH 7, the adsorption of ZEN and OCHRA was lower than at pH 3, especially for OCHRA, but slightly increased with increased amounts of surfactant on the kaolinite surface (8.5 mg/g for HKR-50 and 10.8 mg/g for HKR-90 for ZEN and 2.6 mg/g for HKR-50 and 4.1 mg/g for HKR-90 for OCHRA). Special attention was paid to the safety assessment of the natural kaolin and HKR-90, and toxicological tests confirmed the safety of both materials, as no adverse effects were observed in rats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organo-Clays: Preparation, Characterization and Applications)
27 pages, 1542 KiB  
Article
The Thermoelastic Component of the Photoacoustic Response in a 3D-Printed Polyamide Coated with Pigment Dye: A Two-Layer Model Incorporating Fractional Heat Conduction Theories
by Marica N. Popovic, Slobodanka P. Galovic, Ervin K. Lenzi and Aloisi Somer
Fractal Fract. 2025, 9(7), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9070456 (registering DOI) - 12 Jul 2025
Abstract
This study presents a theoretical model for the thermoelastic response in transmission-mode photoacoustic systems that feature a two-layer structure. The model incorporates volumetric optical absorption in both layers and is based on classical heat conduction theory, hyperbolic generalized heat conduction theory, and fractional [...] Read more.
This study presents a theoretical model for the thermoelastic response in transmission-mode photoacoustic systems that feature a two-layer structure. The model incorporates volumetric optical absorption in both layers and is based on classical heat conduction theory, hyperbolic generalized heat conduction theory, and fractional heat conduction models including inertial memory in Generalizations of the Cattaneo Equation (GCEI, GCEII, and GCEIII). To validate the model, comparisons were made with the existing literature models. Using the proposed model, the thermoelastic photoacoustic response of a two-layer system composed of a 3D-printed porous polyamide (PA12) substrate coated with a thin, highly absorptive protective dye layer is analyzed. We obtain that the thickness and thermal conduction in properties of the coating are very important in influencing the thermoelastic component and should not be overlooked. Furthermore, the thermoelastic component is affected by the selected fractional model—whether it is subdiffusion or superdiffusion—along with the value of the order of the fractional derivative, as well as the optical absorption coefficient of the layer being investigated. Additionally, it is concluded that the phase has a greater impact than the amplitude when selecting the appropriate theoretical heat conduction model. Full article
17 pages, 3641 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Biological Control of Drosophila suzukii: Efficacy of Trichopria drosophilae Releases and Interactions with a Native Parasitoid, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae
by Nuray Baser, Charbel Matar, Luca Rossini, Abir Ibn Amor, Dragana Šunjka, Dragana Bošković, Stefania Gualano and Franco Santoro
Insects 2025, 16(7), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16070715 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii is an injurious polyphagous pest threatening worldwide soft fruit production. Its high adaptability to new colonized environments, short life cycle, and wide host range are supporting its rapid spread. The most common techniques to reduce its significant [...] Read more.
The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii is an injurious polyphagous pest threatening worldwide soft fruit production. Its high adaptability to new colonized environments, short life cycle, and wide host range are supporting its rapid spread. The most common techniques to reduce its significant economic damage are based on multiple insecticides applications per season, even prior to the harvest, which reduces agroecosystem biodiversity and affects human and animal health. Environmental concerns and regulatory restrictions on insecticide use are driving the need for studies on alternative biological control strategies. This study aimed to assess the effect of T. drosphilae in controlling D. suzukii infestations and its interaction with P. vindemiae, a secondary parasitoid naturally present in Apulia (South Italy). Field experiments were carried out in organic cherry orchards in Gioia del Colle (Bari, Italy) to test the efficacy and adaptability of T. drosphilae following weekly releases of artificially reared individuals. Additionally, the interaction between P. vindemiae and T. drosphilae was studied under laboratory conditions. Results from field experiments showed that D. suzukii populations were significantly lower when both parasitoids were present. However, T. drosophilae was less prone to adaptation, so its presence and parasitism were limited to the post-release period. Laboratory experiments, instead, confirmed the high reduction of D. suzukii populations when both parasitoids are present. However, the co-existence of the two parasitoids resulted in a reduced parasitism rate and offspring production, notably for T. drosophilae. This competitive disadvantage may explain its poor establishment in field conditions. These findings suggest that the field release of the two natural enemies should be carried out with reference to their natural population abundance to not generate competition effects. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1258 KiB  
Article
Health Risk Assessment and Accumulation of Potentially Toxic Elements in Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik
by Ivana Mikavica, Dragana Ranđelović, Miloš Ilić, Marija Simić, Jelena Petrović, Marija Koprivica and Jelena Mutić
Processes 2025, 13(7), 2222; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13072222 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik (C. bursa-pastoris) is an underexplored medicinal herb and bioindicator of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Its broad traditional utilization combined with its high capacity for PTE accumulation may endanger human health. Herein, we investigated the concentrations and mobility [...] Read more.
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik (C. bursa-pastoris) is an underexplored medicinal herb and bioindicator of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Its broad traditional utilization combined with its high capacity for PTE accumulation may endanger human health. Herein, we investigated the concentrations and mobility of PTEs (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sr, and Zn) in the urban soil–C. bursa-pastoris system and comprehensively assessed potential health risks associated with exposure to contaminated soils, plant and herbal extracts. Cu, Zn, Sr, and Mn were the most abundant in soils and predominantly phytoavailable. The calculated values of the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicated moderate to heavy Cu, Zn, and Sr contamination in the soil. C. bursa-pastoris demonstrated two strategies for PTEs—the exclusion of Ba, Cr, Mn, and Sr, and the accumulation of Cu, Ni, Co, and Fe. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) classified samples from four cities based on the PTE levels in soils, plants, and herbal extracts. Although plant tissues contained elevated levels of PTEs, the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) demonstrated no significant health risks from consuming C. bursa-pastoris and its extracts. The obtained results indicated the higher sensitivity of children to the hazardous effects of PTEs compared to adults. Extensive risk assessments of polluted soils and inhabiting plants are crucial in PTE monitoring. This study underscored its importance and delivered new insights into the contamination of medicinal herbs, aiming to contribute to implementing safety policies in public health protection. Full article
23 pages, 309 KiB  
Review
Mathematical Optimization in Machine Learning for Computational Chemistry
by Ana Zekić
Computation 2025, 13(7), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13070169 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is transforming computational chemistry by accelerating molecular simulations, property prediction, and inverse design. Central to this transformation is mathematical optimization, which underpins nearly every stage of model development, from training neural networks and tuning hyperparameters to navigating chemical space for [...] Read more.
Machine learning (ML) is transforming computational chemistry by accelerating molecular simulations, property prediction, and inverse design. Central to this transformation is mathematical optimization, which underpins nearly every stage of model development, from training neural networks and tuning hyperparameters to navigating chemical space for molecular discovery. This review presents a structured overview of optimization techniques used in ML for computational chemistry, including gradient-based methods (e.g., SGD and Adam), probabilistic approaches (e.g., Monte Carlo sampling and Bayesian optimization), and spectral methods. We classify optimization targets into model parameter optimization, hyperparameter selection, and molecular optimization and analyze their application across supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning frameworks. Additionally, we examine key challenges such as data scarcity, limited generalization, and computational cost, outlining how mathematical strategies like active learning, meta-learning, and hybrid physics-informed models can address these issues. By bridging optimization methodology with domain-specific challenges, this review highlights how tailored optimization strategies enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and scalability of ML models in computational chemistry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Computational Chemistry)
32 pages, 2172 KiB  
Review
Multifaceted Biological Properties of Verbascoside/Acteoside: Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Effects
by Mirjana Marčetić, Biljana Bufan, Milica Drobac, Jelena Antić Stanković, Nevena Arsenović Ranin, Marina T. Milenković and Dragana D. Božić
Antibiotics 2025, 14(7), 697; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14070697 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
Verbascoside is a polyphenolic compound that belongs to the phenylethanoid glucosides. It occurs in more than 220 plant species. The species with high content of this compound are used in folk medicine, and in modern phytotherapy, mostly based on its recognized anti-inflammatory and [...] Read more.
Verbascoside is a polyphenolic compound that belongs to the phenylethanoid glucosides. It occurs in more than 220 plant species. The species with high content of this compound are used in folk medicine, and in modern phytotherapy, mostly based on its recognized anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Studies conducted so far confirmed these effects, and also pointed to others (i.e., anti-cancer, neuro-, cardio-, hepato-, and nephro-protective). This review presents data on the chemistry, occurrence, and biosynthesis of verbascoside. Additionally, it focuses on the cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, as well as the main cellular and molecular mechanisms of its action. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Secondary Metabolites Produced in Nature)
Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 240 KiB  
Article
Experiencing Old Age: Pilot Study Examining the Effects of Age Simulation on Ageism in Adolescents
by Nadja Vesic and Nemanja Rancic
Adolescents 2025, 5(3), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents5030034 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background: As global populations age, addressing societal attitudes towards older adults becomes increasingly crucial. Ageism negatively impacts both older and younger individuals. Aging simulation has been proposed as a means to challenge ageist attitudes and promote intergenerational solidarity. This study examines the effectiveness [...] Read more.
Background: As global populations age, addressing societal attitudes towards older adults becomes increasingly crucial. Ageism negatively impacts both older and younger individuals. Aging simulation has been proposed as a means to challenge ageist attitudes and promote intergenerational solidarity. This study examines the effectiveness of a brief aging simulation in altering adolescents’ perceptions of aging and older adults. Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted with 63 high school students aged 15–18. Participants completed the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA) before and after intervention. A subset of 20 students was randomly selected to wear an aging simulation suit. Results: Post-intervention FSA scores significantly decreased from 63.50 to 51.00, indicating a reduction in ageist attitudes. Participants showed significant changes in beliefs related to cognitive decline, the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease, and the perception that older adults are homogeneous. Additionally, 80% of participants reported a positive shift in their attitude toward aging. The simulation experience was rated highly (average score: 9/10). Conclusions: The findings support the effectiveness of aging simulation in reducing ageist attitudes among adolescents. Given the role of adolescence in shaping long-term perceptions, incorporating aging simulations into educational curricula could be a valuable strategy for promoting intergenerational understanding. Full article
44 pages, 10756 KiB  
Review
The Road to Re-Use of Spice By-Products: Exploring Their Bioactive Compounds and Significance in Active Packaging
by Di Zhang, Efakor Beloved Ahlivia, Benjamin Bonsu Bruce, Xiaobo Zou, Maurizio Battino, Dragiša Savić, Jaroslav Katona and Lingqin Shen
Foods 2025, 14(14), 2445; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14142445 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
Spice by-products, often discarded as waste, represent an untapped resource for sustainable packaging solutions due to their unique, multifunctional, and bioactive profiles. Unlike typical plant residues, these materials retain diverse phytochemicals—including phenolics, polysaccharides, and other compounds, such as essential oils and vitamins—that exhibit [...] Read more.
Spice by-products, often discarded as waste, represent an untapped resource for sustainable packaging solutions due to their unique, multifunctional, and bioactive profiles. Unlike typical plant residues, these materials retain diverse phytochemicals—including phenolics, polysaccharides, and other compounds, such as essential oils and vitamins—that exhibit controlled release antimicrobial and antioxidant effects with environmental responsiveness to pH, humidity, and temperature changes. Their distinctive advantage is in preserving volatile bioactives, demonstrating enzyme-inhibiting properties, and maintaining thermal stability during processing. This review encompasses a comprehensive characterization of phytochemicals, an assessment of the re-utilization pathway from waste to active materials, and an investigation of processing methods for transforming by-products into films, coatings, and nanoemulsions through green extraction and packaging film development technologies. It also involves the evaluation of their mechanical strength, barrier performance, controlled release mechanism behavior, and effectiveness of food preservation. Key findings demonstrate that ginger and onion residues significantly enhance antioxidant and antimicrobial properties due to high phenolic acid and sulfur-containing compound concentrations, while cinnamon and garlic waste effectively improve mechanical strength and barrier attributes owing to their dense fiber matrix and bioactive aldehyde content. However, re-using these residues faces challenges, including the long-term storage stability of certain bioactive compounds, mechanical durability during scale-up, natural variability that affects standardization, and cost competitiveness with conventional packaging. Innovative solutions, including encapsulation, nano-reinforcement strategies, intelligent polymeric systems, and agro-biorefinery approaches, show promise for overcoming these barriers. By utilizing these spice by-products, the packaging industry can advance toward a circular bio-economy, depending less on traditional plastics and promoting environmental sustainability in light of growing global population and urbanization trends. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 972 KiB  
Article
Pharmacometabolomics Study of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Real-World Metabolism and Urinary Excretion
by Marieke A. J. Hof, Hessel de Haan, Stepan Stepanovic, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Eelko Hak, Gérard Hopfgartner, Frank Klont and TransplantLines Investigators
Metabolites 2025, 15(7), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070473 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The increased use of antibiotics is raising concerns about environmental contamination and antibiotic resistance, exemplified by the case of cotrimoxazole, a widely prescribed combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. After oral administration and absorption, both drugs are excreted in their parent and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The increased use of antibiotics is raising concerns about environmental contamination and antibiotic resistance, exemplified by the case of cotrimoxazole, a widely prescribed combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. After oral administration and absorption, both drugs are excreted in their parent and metabolized forms, which is a factor that is commonly considered in environmental studies. Many studies, however, rely on pharmacokinetic data from drug developers, who mostly investigate drug metabolism in healthy male volunteers rather than in actual patient populations. Methods: We investigated the real-world metabolism and urinary excretion of cotrimoxazole in an LC-SWATH/MS-based pharmacometabolomics study of 149 kidney transplant recipients who took part in the TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort Study (NCT0327284). Results: Our study confirmed (as “putatively characterized compound classes”) the presence of all the expected metabolites, and we (putatively) identified several previously unreported metabolites, including glucuronide conjugates of both drugs and two isoxazole ring-opened variants of sulfamethoxazole. The relative metabolite profiles furthermore indicated that the active drug trimethoprim accounted for 75% of the total signal intensity. For sulfamethoxazole, its acetylated metabolite was the main metabolite (59%), followed by the active parent drug (17%) and its glucuronide (7%). Alongside trimethoprim, these substances could serve as analytical targets for environmental cotrimoxazole monitoring, given their abundance (all three substances), activity (parent drug), and/or back-transformation potential (both conjugated metabolites). The isoxazole ring-opened variants (2–3%) may also warrant attention, considering their (presumed) absolute excreted quantities and potential pharmacological activity. Conclusions: This study underscores the value of pharmacometabolomics in elucidating real-world metabolite profiles, and it provides novel insights into cotrimoxazole metabolism and excretion, with implications for environmental and clinical monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Metabolism: Latest Advances and Prospects)
Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1027 KiB  
Article
Revisiting Public Trust and Media Influence During COVID-19 Post-Vaccination Era—Waning of Anxiety and Depression Levels Among Skilled Workers and Students in Serbia
by Miljan Adamovic, Srdjan Nikolovski, Stefan Milojevic, Nebojsa Zdravkovic, Ivan Markovic, Olivera Djokic, Slobodan Tomic, Ivana Burazor, Dragoslava Zivkov Saponja, Jasna Gacic, Jelena Petkovic, Snezana Knezevic, Marko Spiler, Snezana Svetozarevic and Ana Adamovic
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 939; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15070939 - 11 Jul 2025
Abstract
Infectious disease outbreaks amplify the influence of stressors on psychological conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the disturbing influence of COVID-19 outbreak-related information and the influence of trust on the Serbian healthcare system and COVID-19 preventive measures on anxiety and [...] Read more.
Infectious disease outbreaks amplify the influence of stressors on psychological conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the disturbing influence of COVID-19 outbreak-related information and the influence of trust on the Serbian healthcare system and COVID-19 preventive measures on anxiety and depression. An anonymous online questionnaire assessing the demographic information, disturbance level and causes, and levels of anxiety and depression has been distributed to the participants, divided into student and non-student groups. The non-student group was further divided into healthcare, military, and education workers. Anxiety and depression levels, as well as the level of decreased trust in COVID-19-related preventive measures, were higher among students compared to non-students (p = 0.011). Higher anxiety and depression levels, and higher influence of the COVID-19 outbreak on those levels, were observed in education and healthcare workers, compared to military personnel. Medical doctors reported a higher level of trust in the healthcare system compared to nurses (p = 0.023). Trust in the healthcare system increased more frequently compared to the pre-vaccination period among medical doctors, compared to nurses (p = 0.040). Higher anxiety and depression and lower public trust levels in students and workers in education and the healthcare sector indicate a need to focus on these important society members during public health emergencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Social Psychology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop