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Keywords = adsorption of ions and membrane active substances

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23 pages, 2923 KB  
Review
Electric Fields at the Lipid Membrane Interface
by Yury A. Ermakov
Membranes 2023, 13(11), 883; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13110883 - 16 Nov 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3433
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive analysis of electric field distribution at the water–lipid membrane interface in the context of its relationship to various biochemical problems. The main attention is paid to the methodological aspects of bioelectrochemical techniques and quantitative analysis of electrical phenomena [...] Read more.
This review presents a comprehensive analysis of electric field distribution at the water–lipid membrane interface in the context of its relationship to various biochemical problems. The main attention is paid to the methodological aspects of bioelectrochemical techniques and quantitative analysis of electrical phenomena caused by the ionization and hydration of the membrane–water interface associated with the phase state of lipids. One of the objectives is to show the unique possibility of controlling changes in the structure of the lipid bilayer initiated by various membrane-active agents that results in electrostatic phenomena at the surface of lipid models of biomembranes—liposomes, planar lipid bilayer membranes (BLMs) and monolayers. A set of complicated experimental facts revealed in different years is analyzed here in order of increasing complexity: from the adsorption of biologically significant inorganic ions and phase rearrangements in the presence of multivalent cations to the adsorption and incorporation of pharmacologically significant compounds into the lipid bilayer, and formation of the layers of macromolecules of different types. Full article
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14 pages, 2210 KB  
Article
Combining Coagulation/MIEX with Biological Activated Carbon Treatment to Control Organic Fouling in the Microfiltration of Secondary Effluent
by Biplob Kumar Pramanik, Felicity A. Roddick and Linhua Fan
Membranes 2016, 6(3), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes6030039 - 30 Jul 2016
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6010
Abstract
Coagulation, magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX) and biological activated carbon (BAC) were examined at lab scale as standalone, and sequential pre-treatments for controlling the organic fouling of a microfiltration membrane by biologically treated secondary effluent (BTSE) using a multi-cycle approach. MIEX gave slightly [...] Read more.
Coagulation, magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX) and biological activated carbon (BAC) were examined at lab scale as standalone, and sequential pre-treatments for controlling the organic fouling of a microfiltration membrane by biologically treated secondary effluent (BTSE) using a multi-cycle approach. MIEX gave slightly greater enhancement in flux than coagulation due to greater removal of high molecular weight (MW) humic substances, although it was unable to remove high MW biopolymers. BAC treatment was considerably more effective for improving the flux than coagulation or MIEX. This was due to the biodegradation of biopolymers and/or their adsorption by the biofilm, and adsorption of humic substances by the activated carbon, as indicated by size exclusion chromatography. Coagulation or MIEX followed by BAC treatment further reduced the problematic foulants and significantly improved the flux performance. The unified membrane fouling index showed that the reduction of membrane fouling by standalone BAC treatment was 42%. This improved to 65%, 70%, and 93% for alum, ferric chloride and MIEX pre-treatment, respectively, when followed by BAC treatment. This study showed the potential of sequential MIEX and BAC pre-treatment for controlling organic fouling and thus enhancing the performance of microfiltration in the reclamation of BTSE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membranes: Fouling, Scaling and Aging)
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