Search Results (92)

This article examines tropes of (proto)colonialism in medieval European culture and Raymonda (Раймoнда), a ballet that premiered in St. Petersburg in 1898 and is set during the Fifth Crusade (1217–1221). Juxtaposing premodern travel accounts with a postmedieval dance creation, this study illuminates how religious otherness, imperial ambitions, and feminine resistance frame representations of dance spectacle and spectatorship. Following a synopsis of the ballet, the subsequent section considers Raymonda’s Muslim characters vis-à-vis medieval texts and images. Here, I incorporate Crusades-era sources, the travel literature, and their accompanying iconography alongside the characterizations and aesthetics that pervade Raymonda. These comparisons apprehend the racializing and (proto)colonial thrust of crusader ideology and Russian imperialism. The final section historicizes Raymonda through medieval lyric and gestures toward an Afro-Islamicate ancestry of lyricism and ballet medievalism. Therefore, while traditional versions of Raymonda project Islamophobia, I posit that a rigorous examination of the Middle Ages imbues this ballet with profundity and intercultural nuance. Ultimately, this article demonstrates how a combined study of premodern travel and postmedieval dance may help scholars challenge the Eurocentrism, colonialism, and Whiteness that pervade medieval studies and the art of ballet. Full article

Dance encompasses physical, emotional, and social elements, creating a dynamic platform for the exploration of well-being. As a therapeutic approach, dance movement further applies these dimensions to enhance emotional resilience, foster mindfulness, and improve overall mental health. This study examined the relationship between self-compassion and life satisfaction among 912 recreational dancers (80% female and 20% male) in Greece. Participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis validated the five-factor self-compassion model, and regression analysis identified predictors of life satisfaction. Self-kindness emerged as a strong positive predictor (β = 0.258, p < 0.001), while isolation (β = −0.307, p < 0.001) and self-judgment (β = −0.083, p = 0.029) negatively predicted life satisfaction. Common humanity (β = 0.064, p = 0.066) and mindfulness (β = 0.004, p = 0.907) showed no significant predictive effect. The model explained 21.7% of the variance in life satisfaction (R² = 0.217). Small but statistically significant differences in self-compassion dimensions were observed across dance styles. Partner-oriented dancers such as those practicing tango reported slightly higher self-kindness and mindfulness, while ballet dancers showed a small increase in self-judgment and isolation. Life satisfaction remained consistent across styles, highlighting dance’s overall contribution to well-being. These findings suggest that integrating self-compassion training into dance education and psychotherapy, particularly within a Therapeutic-Based Art Pedagogy framework, may contribute to emotional resilience, foster social connection, and promote mental health, positioning dance as a potentially transformative tool for holistic development. Full article

Balance control in pirouettes has previously been characterized by constraint of the topple angle. However, there is a paucity of research using the margin of stability (MoS) as a dynamic measure of balance related to pirouettes. Therefore, this study aimed primarily to examine the MoS as a metric of balance during a single-turn en dehors pirouette in healthy female amateur ballet dancers. Four participants performed pirouettes until five successful pirouettes were achieved without hopping or loss of balance. Three-dimensional motion capture was used to record the motion trajectories of anatomical markers based on the Plug-in-Gait and Oxford Foot models. Motion synchronized with ground reaction forces was used to calculate the center of pressure (CoP), base of support (BoS), center of the pivot foot, center of mass (CoM), and extrapolated center of mass (XCoM) throughout the turn phase, using laboratory (LCS) and virtual left foot (LFT) coordinate systems. In the LCS and LFT coordinate system, the excursions and patterns of motion of both the CoM and XCoM relative to the CoP were similar, suggesting a neurological relationship. Two different measures of the margin of stability (MoS) in the LFT coordinate system were tabulated: the distance between the (1) XCoM and CoP and (2) XCoM and BoS center. The magnitude of both versions of the MoS was greatest at turn initiation and toe-touch, which was associated with two foot contacts. The MoS values were at a minimum approximately 50% of the stance during the turn phase: close to zero along the anteroposterior (A/P) axis and approximately 50 mm along the mediolateral (M/L) axis. On average, MoS magnitudes were reduced (mean across participants: approximately 20 mm) along the A/P axis, and larger MoS magnitudes (mean across participants: approximately 50 mm) along the M/L axis throughout the turn phase. Although all turns analyzed were completed successfully, the larger MoS values along the M/L axis suggest a fall potential. The variability between trials within a dancer and across participants and trials was documented and showed moderate inter-trial (16% to 51%) and across-participant CV% (range: 10% to 28%), with generally larger variations along the A/P axis. Although our results are preliminary, they suggest that the MoS may be useful for detecting faults in the control of dynamic balance in dehors pirouette performance, as a part of training and rehabilitation following injury. Full article

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common disorders in childhood that significantly impacts quality of life. Background/Objectives: This study conducted a literature review of physical activity (PA)-based interventions for children and adolescents with CP, highlighting the physical, cognitive, and social benefits, as well as the factors and barriers that influence practice. Methods: The PRISMA methodology was used to identify and analyze the most relevant studies up to December 2024 through specific search equations and the databases Science Direct, Scopus, and Dialnet. Of the 707 articles identified, a total of 62 publications were selected for further analysis. These were subjected to a quality assessment through a checklist based on seven items. Results: The practice of PA guaranteed improvements in balance, postural control, strength, socialization, and self-confidence. On the other hand, some programs, such as Makey Makey, Ballet, aquatic PA, and Matrogymnasia, among others, were highlighted because they promoted an increase in physical practice among the population. However, there are still some barriers, such as sedentary lifestyles (90%), limited accessibility, and a lack of qualified professionals that hinder the intervention and ensure motivation and interest in its practice for those individuals who have not yet begun to practice it. Conclusions: PA is an effective tool to favor quality of life in children and adolescents, as it contributes to their integral development and social inclusion. The need for interdisciplinary strategies to reduce barriers and increase the benefits of PA is emphasized. A joint effort to promote integration in leisure time could promote optimal long-term results. Full article

Background: Adherence to nutritional recommendations in groups of adolescents practicing various sports, including esthetic disciplines, is insufficient. Hence, the authors of this study attempted to design, implement and evaluate a nutritional education program for girls aged 10–12 attending a ballet school and artistic gymnastics classes. Methods: The study was conducted with 60 female students at the state ballet school and artistic gymnastics classes (professionally practicing ballet and artistic gymnastics). The nutritional education program was implemented by all students for a period of 4 weeks. The program consisted of three parts: group sharing and discussing the educational brochure, group nutritional workshops, and providing and discussing individual nutritional recommendations. Information provided to students during the nutritional education program concerned the principles of proper nutrition contained in the Pyramid of Healthy Nutrition and Physical Activity for Children and Youth, the most important sources of nutrients in the diet and their role, and the principles of nutrition of people practicing sports/training. Before starting the nutritional education program and 3 months after its completion, the level of nutritional knowledge was assessed in the group of ballerinas and artistic gymnasts to evaluate the program. Results: The proposed nutritional education program had a significant impact on the level of nutritional knowledge of students aged 10–12 attending the ballet school and artistic gymnastics classes. Conclusions: The presented nutritional education program may be used as a source of information for specialists for the preparation of educational and repair programs in the group of ballet dancers or artistic gymnasts aged 10–12. Full article

Mental images such as foci of attention can significantly enhance the quality of movements, providing a positive effect on human performance, e.g., in dancers or athletes. Thirteen participants (height = 161 ± 13 cm, mass = 46.4 ± 17.3 kg, and age = 21 ± 8.4 years) with varying levels of experience in classical ballet were divided into three groups (amateur, professional, and children). Each participant performed three sauté en suite jumps, followed by an instruction to imagine “taking the floor with them” during the jump. The study aimed to assess the effect of this external focus on jumping performance using biomechanical modeling. Results showed a statistically significant increase in jump height and an expanded range of motion in the hip and knee joints after the intervention, suggesting a positive influence on movement quality. However, results varied among groups, with no significant change in leg stiffness across participants, though tendencies appeared within each group. These findings indicate that an external focus of attention could be a useful tool in dance pedagogy, enhancing performance quality across experience levels and supporting individual progress. The study recommends further research to explore the full impact of psychologically effective instructions on various aspects of physical performance. Full article

Mental imagery influences the body, movement, and technical skills of the dancer. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of dance imagery on the electromyographic parameters of selected muscles in a professional ballet dancer during three ballet tasks: parallel position, demi pointe relevé, and demi plié. Five mental imageries according to the Franklin Method^® were used: foot dome, the wheelbarrow, pushing the toes, space behind the kneecap, and the kneecap float. Electromyographic signals were recorded bilaterally for lumbar erector spinae, rectus abdominis, vastus medialis, long head of biceps femoris, lateral head of gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and fibularis longus. All of the mental imageries resulted in increased activity (above 20% compared with no-imagery performance) of the selected muscles in the studied classical dance positions and tasks. Overall, the ankle muscles were influenced the most. This study indicates that mental images effectively influence a physiological parameter, as indicated by an electromyographic signal. Full article

Objectives: To determine if psychological factors, such as anxiety, depression, fear of movement and fear of rupture are associated with increased tendon-related disability, quantified by the Tendinopathy Severity Assessment-Achilles (TENDINS-A). Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Online Qualtrics survey. Participants: Sixty-eight participants (54% female) with Achilles tendinopathy and a mean (standard deviation) age of 40.1 (12.6) years. Main Outcome Measures: The TENDINS-A (including subscales of pain; symptoms such as stiffness; physical function), Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and fear of tendon rupture. Associations were evaluated using generalised linear models (adjusting for age and sex), with significance accepted when p < 0.05. Results: Anxiety symptoms were positively associated with Achilles pain (p = 0.035), symptoms (p = 0.045) and physical function (p = 0.019). Depressive symptoms were negatively associated with symptoms (p = 0.045) but not pain (p = 0.078) or physical function (p = 0.429). Fear of movement was not associated with pain (p = 0.479), symptoms (p = 0.915) or physical function (p = 0.064). Fear of rupture was associated with pain (p = 0.042), but not symptoms (p = 0.797) or physical function (p = 0.509). Conclusions: Our research demonstrated anxiety symptoms and fear of rupture, not fear of movement or depressive symptoms, are positively associated with the severity of tendon-related disability. Therefore, clinicians should include an assessment anxiety symptoms and fear of rupture in their practice. Full article

Background/Objectives: Dancers require adequate nutrition support for growth and development during the pre-professional stage, as well as to fuel classes and rehearsals and to enhance performance for both pre-professional and professional dancers. The aim of this study is to understand the energy status and diet of pre-professional and professional dancers in the genres of ballet, contemporary, musical theatre, and opera. Methods: Electronic databases (n = 9) and grey literature were searched for primary studies with no time limit. Screening and data extraction were completed by two reviewers. Results: Twelve studies were included for pre-professional (n = 7) and professional (n = 5) dancers. The genres identified were ballet (n = 11) and contemporary (n = 1), with no studies on musical theatre or opera. Studies on pre-professional ballet and contemporary dancers indicated a negative energy balance and low energy availability. Pre-professional ballet dancers had lower energy intakes than professional dancers. Professional dancers had lower BMI and body fat percentages. Macronutrients were mostly reported using the acceptable macronutrient distribution range for carbohydrates (38–56%E), protein (12–17%E), and total fat (26–42%E). Iron and calcium were the main micronutrients of concern. Conclusions: Accredited sports dietitians are recommended to support pre-professional and professional dancers to optimize their diet for health and performance. Further investigation is needed to quantify and assess dancers’ dietary intake using sports nutrition guidelines for reference. Full article

A gait analysis serves as a critical tool for examining the biomechanical differences in movement patterns between trained and untrained individuals. This study investigates the nuanced differences in gait patterns between professional ballet dancers and non-dancers, with a focus on angular velocities and accelerations across key body joints. By analyzing the positions and movements of the head, neck, shoulder, spine, hip, knee, and ankle in both the sagittal (SP) and frontal (FP) planes, the study aims to identify key distinctions in joint dynamics that arise from differing levels of physical training. The study involved ten participants in total, comprising four professional female ballet dancers and six non-dancer students (three males and three females). In the first experiment, participants performed walking trials at five different speeds, while in the second experiment, the ballet dancers performed six distinct dance routines. Data were captured using a Kinetics motion capture camera system, which recorded the maximum and minimum angular velocities and accelerations during both walking and dancing. Key findings reveal significant differences in joint dynamics. For example, non-dancers’ right shoulder exhibited a maximum angular velocity of −0.47 rad/s and a minimum of 0.71 rad/s, while dancers showed a maximum of −0.09 rad/s and a minimum of 0.07 rad/s. The right knee also displayed notable differences, with angular velocities ranging from −3.88 rad/s to 2.61 rad/s for non-dancers, compared to −0.35 rad/s to 0.54 rad/s for dancers. In terms of acceleration, dancers’ left shoulder reached a maximum of 3.952 mm/s², while their right shoulder had a minimum of −0.1 mm/s². For non-dancers, the left elbow showed a maximum acceleration of 2.997 mm/s², while the right elbow had a minimum of 0.05 mm/s². These variations in angular velocity and acceleration underscore the distinct roles and movements of various joints, highlighting differences in muscle coordination and joint control. Understanding these patterns is crucial for assessing joint function, optimizing training, and developing intervention strategies for injury prevention and rehabilitation. The findings hold significant implications for the dance community and other physically active populations, offering valuable insights into performance enhancement and movement health. Full article

The balance of mental, physical, and technical aspects is essential in improving ballet performance. Ballet dancers’ emotional and behavioral characteristics vary, even under identical stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the association between the pain candidate genes 5-HTTLPR and COMT and anxiety in Japanese ballet dancers. Participants were 18 youth elite ballet students with professional aspirations (Y-Elite) and 16 dancers in a professional ballet company (Pro). We administered psychological questionnaires, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), to participants under the following four different stress conditions: standard practice day, cast decision day, rehearsal day, and one week before competition day. In addition, the genotypes of 5-HTTLPR and COMT Val158Met were examined. The distribution of 5-HTTLPR was not different between Y-Elite and Pro dancers, although one of the COMT genotypes was different. Y-Elite dancers had higher trait anxiety scores than Pro dancers for these genotypes before competition (ps < 0.03), although no significant association was observed between both genotypes and scores on the STAI across conditions. Their moods were significantly different through the four conditions (p < 0.004). Pro dancers’ moods were also more stable than those of the Y-Elite dancers in the presence of pain. The results indicate that 5-HTTLPR and COMT play a crucial role in dancers’ anxiety and mood during pain (ps < 0.05). Pro dancers are probably predicted by their lower neuroticism and mood scores and their better adaptation to stress than Y-Elite dancers. The 5-HTTLPR and COMT genes may be influencing the sensitivity to the environment. Youth elite ballet dancers need to understand the relationship between pain and physical activity from an early stage. Full article

Ballet is a discipline that combines art and sport in a harmonious way. It is a practice that has high physical and mental demands to achieve the proper body precision. During this activity, numerous muscles, including those in the legs, need to be exercised. Therefore, individuals who have lost part of their lower limb due to amputation face numerous significant challenges when it comes to practicing ballet. Throughout this article, the key aspects that influence the design of a lower limb prosthesis specifically adapted for ballet practice will be analyzed. New materials will be explored with the goal of designing an optimal model that ensures maximum performance and comfort for the users. Additionally, the prosthesis will be customized using 3D-printing technology, and a prototype will be presented. This study will merge biomechanics, ergonomics, and design. Its goal is to find a solution that improves the quality of life for lower limb amputees whose passion is ballet. The aim is to overcome physical and emotional barriers and provide a way to reintegrate amputee dancers into the world of dance. It is important to highlight the novelty of this work: combining different disciplines to provide a solution for individuals who engage in dance as a hobby rather than professionally. The proposed methodology aims to enable users with disabilities to access a personalized, complex, and potentially costly product. Full article

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have a complex, poorly understood pathogenesis and lack long-lasting effective treatments. Recent research suggests that intestinal fungal dysbiosis may play a role in IBD development. This study investigates the effects of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZp)”, known for its protective role in gut mucosa, and a yeast extract (Py) with prebiotic properties, either alone or combined, in DSS-induced colitis. Both treatments alleviated symptoms via overlapping or distinct mechanisms. In particular, they reduced the transcription levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as the expression of the tight junction protein Claudin-2. Additionally, GILZp increased MUC2 transcription, while Py reduced IL-12p40 and IL-6 levels. Notably, both treatments were effective in restoring the intestinal burden of clinically important Candida and related species. Intestinal mycobiome analysis revealed that they were able to reduce colitis-associated fungal dysbiosis, and this effect was mainly the result of a decreased abundance of the Meyerozima genus, which was dominant in colitic mice. Overall, our results suggest that combined treatment regimens with GILZp and Py could represent a new strategy for the treatment of IBD by targeting multiple mechanisms, including the fungal dysbiosis. Full article

This study introduces a simulation model to analyze the efficacy of different aerial firefighting strategies in Finland, focusing on the comparative water production capacity and associated costs of firefighting aircraft versus helicopters of varying sizes. By utilizing publicly available data and direct inquiries, the model evaluates the impact of water collection distance on the volume of extinguishing water procured and its costs. The simulation reveals that firefighting aircraft offer a cost-effective solution, particularly when collecting water from distances of thirteen kilometers, where their cost per liter of water aligns with that of smaller helicopters operating closer to the fire zone. The study underscores the importance of precise data input into the calculator, highlighting the potential of aerial firefighting strategies in enhancing wildfire suppression efforts. Full article