Saved Queries

by Kairat Dossybayev, Daniya Ualiyeva, Tilek Kapassuly, Makpal Amandykova, Altynay Kozhahmet, Bakytzhan Bekmanov, Rauan Amzeyev and Saitou Naruya

Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(10), 988; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12100988 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Sheep play a central role in Kazakhstan’s pastoral economy, yet the maternal genetic composition of its traditional breeds remains poorly characterized. We analyzed partial mitochondrial D-loop sequences (848 bp) from 115 individuals of three fat-tailed coarse-wooled breeds (Edilbay, Kazakh fat-tailed coarse-wooled, and Gissar) to assess genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogenetic relationships. Ninety-eight haplotypes were identified, indicating high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.996 ± 0.002) and moderate nucleotide diversity (π = 0.02624 ± 0.00048). Haplotypes clustered into haplogroups A (57.4%) and B (42.6%), with Edilbay dominating the star-like cluster of haplogroup A, consistent with recent expansion. AMOVA revealed that most variation (92.03%) occurred within populations, with no significant differentiation among breeds. Phylogenetic analyses placed Edilbay close to the most recent common ancestor of fat-tailed domestic sheep and the wild Ovis species, suggesting retention of an ancestral lineage. These findings highlight Kazakhstan as a genetic crossroads in sheep history and underscore the conservation value of its maternal diversity. Full article

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27 pages, 18325 KB

Open AccessArticle

Prediction of Hyperinflammatory Phenotypes in Critically Ill Patients via Routine Clinical Data and IL-6: Towards Personalized Anti-Inflammatory Therapy

by Charlotte Linz, Alexander Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, Nina Hesse, Lucie Probst, Jorge Garcia Borrega, Dennis A. Eichenauer, Matthias Kochanek, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon and Boris Böll

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(20), 9967; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26209967 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a central mediator of systemic inflammation and is markedly elevated in critical illnesses, including sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammatory syndromes. Patient responses to immunomodulatory therapies vary, highlighting the need to better understand IL-6 regulation and its clinical implications. We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit in a quaternary academic center with a comprehensive cancer program, extracting clinical and laboratory data, including inflammatory markers and plasma IL-6 levels. Plasma IL-6 concentrations were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Survival analyses, multivariable adaptive Lasso regression, Bayesian logistic regression, and latent class analysis were performed to define determinants of IL-6 regulation, mortality, and inflammatory phenotypes. IL-6 levels were substantially elevated in sepsis (median 1150 pg/mL) and neutropenia (median 7866 pg/mL), with extreme concentrations exceeding 20,000 pg/mL when both were present. Although IL-6 across its full range was not independently predictive of intensive care unit mortality, dichotomized thresholds (≥200 pg/mL) correlated with lower survival. Advanced modeling defined a hyperinflammatory phenotype characterized by IL-6 ≥ 100 pg/mL and predicted mortality >40%, showing mortality of 58%, alongside distinct latent subgroups with heterogeneous inflammatory activity and outcomes. These results emphasize the prominent role of sepsis and neutropenia in driving IL-6 elevations and reveal inflammatory phenotypes with potential for risk stratification and targeted anti-cytokine therapy in critical illness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Cytokine Storm)

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12 pages, 590 KB

Open AccessArticle

Brief and Valid? Testing the SDQ for Measuring General Psychopathology in Children

by Victòria Copoví-Gomila, Alfonso Morillas-Romero, Raül López-Penadés, María del Àngels Ollers-Adrover and Maria Balle

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 1387; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15101387 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: The general psychopathology factor (p factor) is central to understanding the shared variance across mental disorders, offering a dimensional alternative to traditional diagnostic models. The early identification of this factor in childhood is key for improving prevention and intervention strategies. This study evaluated the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) as a brief measure to assess p factor in children. Methods: A community sample of 284 children, ages 6 to 12, was assessed using parent-reported SDQ and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Confirmatory Factor Analyses compared two models of psychopathology: a higher-order model and a first-order bifactor model. Results: Results showed that the bifactor model provided a better fit for both instruments, with the SDQ showing particularly strong fit indices. Moreover, SDQ-derived p factor scores were strongly correlated with key CBCL scales, particularly attention and externalizing problems, supporting its concurrent validity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the SDQ, due to its brevity and psychometric robustness, is a valid alternative to the CBCL for assessing general psychopathology in children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Developmental Psychology)

19 pages, 1142 KB

Open AccessReview

Virtual Reality Exergaming in Outpatient Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review and Clinician Roadmap

by Błażej Cieślik

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(20), 7227; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14207227 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Outpatient stroke rehabilitation is expanding as inpatient episodes shorten. Virtual reality (VR) exergaming can extend practice and standardize progression, but setting-specific effectiveness and implementation factors remain unclear. This scoping review mapped VR exergaming in outpatient stroke care and identified technology typologies and functional outcomes. Methods: Guided by the JBI Manual and PRISMA-ScR, searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science were conducted in April 2025. The study included adults post-stroke undergoing VR exergaming programs with movement tracking delivered in clinic-based outpatient or home-based outpatient settings. Interventions focused on functional rehabilitation using interactive VR. Results: Sixty-six studies met the criteria, forty-four clinic-based and twenty-two home-based. Serious games accounted for 65% of interventions and commercial exergames for 35%. Superiority on a prespecified functional endpoint was reported in 41% of trials, 29% showed within-group improvement only, and 30% found no between-group difference; effects were more consistent in supervised clinic programs than in home-based implementations. Signals were most consistent for commercial off-the-shelf and camera-based systems. Gloves or haptics and locomotor platforms were promising but less studied. Head-mounted display interventions showed mixed findings. Adherence was generally high, and adverse events were infrequent and mild. Conclusions: VR exergaming appears clinically viable for outpatient stroke rehabilitation, with the most consistent gains in supervised clinic-based programs; home-based effects are more variable and sensitive to dose and supervision. Future work should compare platform types by therapeutic goal; embed mechanistic measures; strengthen home delivery with dose control and remote supervision; and standardize the reporting of fidelity, adherence, and cost. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronic Disease Management and Rehabilitation in Older Adults)

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22 pages, 700 KB

Open AccessArticle

Identifying Key Factors Influencing the Selection of Sustainable Building Materials in New Zealand

by Ali Hashemi Araghi, Eziaku Onyeizu Rasheed, Vishnupriya Vishnupriya and Jeff Seadon

Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9071; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209071 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

The construction sector is a major contributor to climate change, with embodied carbon emissions from building materials representing a critical share of its environmental footprint. Selecting zero-carbon materials is therefore essential for reducing life-cycle emissions while advancing global climate goals. This study investigates six decision-making factors, including cost-effectiveness, durability, buildability, embodied carbon, availability, and aesthetics, and evaluates four alternative materials (wood, hemp, rammed earth, and straw bale) in the New Zealand context. A survey of 203 industry professionals was analysed using descriptive statistics, one-sample t-tests, and structural equation modelling (SEM). Using a 5-point Likert scale, the survey assessed six factors affecting material choice: cost-effectiveness, durability, buildability, embodied carbon, aesthetics, and material availability. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SEM via Partial Least Squares analysis. The results revealed that embodied carbon and material availability were the most influential factors shaping zero-carbon material selection. Among the available alternatives, hemp emerged as the most preferred material, while cost-effectiveness and wood showed moderate impacts, and aesthetic considerations had the least influence. These findings highlight that environmental performance and practical accessibility are central drivers of decision-making when adopting zero-carbon materials. This study contributes to developing effective strategies for promoting the widespread adoption of zero-carbon materials, thereby supporting New Zealand’s progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Sustainability within a Smart Built Environment)

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26 pages, 5572 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Targeting GPR55 with Cannabidiol Derivatives: A Molecular Docking Approach Toward Novel Neurotherapeutics

by Catalina Mares, Andra-Maria Paun, Maria Mernea, Cristina Matanie and Speranta Avram

Processes 2025, 13(10), 3261; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103261 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

This study investigated the interaction between cannabidiol (CBD) derivatives and the GPR55 receptor using a bioinformatics-driven molecular docking approach. GPR55, implicated in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, represents a promising target for novel therapeutics. Drug-likeness evaluation via SwissADME confirmed that all selected derivatives complied with Lipinski′s Rule of Five, exhibiting favorable physicochemical properties with molecular weights below 500 Da and acceptable logP values. Molecular docking simulations, performed using AutoDock Vina through PyRx, revealed strong binding affinities, with docking scores ranging from −9.2 to −7.2 kcal/mol, indicating thermodynamically feasible interactions. Visualization and interaction analysis identified a conserved binding pocket involving key residues, including TYR101, PHE102, TYR106, ILE156, PHE169, MET172, TRP177, PRO184, LEU185, LEU270 and MET274. Ligand clustering in this region further supports the presence of a structurally defined binding site. Molecular dynamics simulations of GPR55 in complex with the three top-scoring ligands (3″-HOCBD, THC, and CBL) revealed that all ligands remained stably bound within the cavity over 100 ns, with ligand-specific rearrangements. Predicted oral bioavailability was moderate (0.55), consistent with the need for optimized formulations to enhance systemic absorption. These findings suggest that CBD derivatives may act as potential modulators of GPR55, offering a basis for the development of novel CNS-targeted therapeutics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biological Processes and Systems)

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21 pages, 1120 KB

Open AccessArticle

Risk Management Challenges in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASSs): Training and Regulatory Readiness

by Hyeri Park, Jeongmin Kim, Min Jung, Suk-young Kang, Daegun Kim, Changwoo Kim and Unkyu Jang

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(20), 10993; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152010993 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASSs) raise safety and regulatory challenges that extend beyond technical reliability. This study builds on a published system-theoretic process analysis (STPA) of degraded operations that identified 92 loss scenarios. These scenarios were reformulated into a two-round Delphi survey with 20 experts from academic, industry, seafaring, and regulatory backgrounds. Panelists rated each scenario on severity, likelihood, and detectability. To avoid rank reversal, common in the Risk Priority Number, an adjusted index was applied. Initial concordance was low (Kendall’s W = 0.07), reflecting diverse perspectives. After feedback, Round 2 reached substantial agreement (W = 0.693, χ² = 3265.42, df = 91, p < 0.001) and produced a stable Top 10. High-priority items involved propulsion and machinery, communication links, sensing, integrated control, and human–machine interaction. These risks are further exacerbated by oceanographic conditions, such as strong currents, wave-induced motions, and biofouling, which can impair propulsion efficiency and sensor accuracy. This highlights the importance of environmental resilience in MASS safety. These clusters were translated into five action bundles that addressed fallback procedures, link assurance, sensor fusion, control chain verification, and alarm governance. The findings show that Remote Operator competence and oversight are central to MASS safety. At the same time, MASSs rely on artificial intelligence systems that can fail in degraded states, for example, through reduced explainability in decision making, vulnerabilities in sensor fusion, or adversarial conditions such as fog-obscured cameras. Recognizing these AI-specific challenges highlights the need for both human oversight and resilient algorithmic design. They support explicit inclusion of Remote Operators in the STCW convention, along with watchkeeping and fatigue rules for Remote Operation Centers. This study provides a consensus-based baseline for regulatory debate, while future work should extend these insights through quantitative system modeling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk and Safety of Maritime Transportation)

27 pages, 7300 KB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Modelling of Urban Accessibility: Insights from Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

by Filip Arnaut, Sreten Jevremović, Aleksandra Kolarski, Zoran R. Mijić and Vladimir A. Srećković

Urban Sci. 2025, 9(10), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9100424 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

This study presents the first comprehensive spatial accessibility assessment of essential urban services in Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, conducted entirely with open-source tools and data. The analysis focused on six facility categories: primary healthcare centers, public pharmacies, primary and secondary schools, libraries, and green markets. Spatial accessibility was modelled using OpenRouteService (ORS) isochrones for walking travel times of 5, 10, and 15 min, combined with population data from the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL). Results indicate that 79% of residents live within a 15-min walk of a healthcare facility, 74% of a pharmacy, 89% of an elementary school, 52% of a high school, 60% of a library, and 62% of a green market. Central administrative units such as Vračar, Zvezdara, and Stari Grad demonstrated nearly complete service coverage, while peripheral areas, including Resnik, Jajinci, and Višnjica, exhibited substantial accessibility deficits, often coinciding with lower-income zones. The developed workflow provides a transparent, replicable approach for identifying underserved neighborhoods and prioritizing investments in public infrastructure. This research emphasizes the role of spatial accessibility analysis in advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), contributing to the creation of more inclusive, walkable, and sustainable urban environments, while on the other hand, it offers practical insights for improving urban equity, guiding policy formulation, and supporting necessary planning decisions. Subsequent research will focus on alternative facilities, other cities such as Novi Sad and Niš, and the disparity between urban and rural populations. Full article

29 pages, 1327 KB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating the Asymmetric Impact of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Production on the Reshaping of Future Energy Policy and Economic Growth in Greece Using the Extended Cobb–Douglas Production Function

by Melina Dritsaki and Chaido Dritsaki

Energies 2025, 18(20), 5394; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18205394 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

This paper investigates the symmetric and asymmetric effects of renewable and non-renewable energy on Greece’s economic growth within an extended Cobb–Douglas production function for 1990–2022. The study is motivated by the rising role of renewable energy and the need to determine whether the energy–growth nexus is linear or nonlinear, an issue of central importance for policy. The Brock–Dechert–Scheinkman (BDS) test confirms the nonlinearity of the variables, while Zivot–Andrews unit root tests with structural breaks capture crisis-related disruptions. The Wald test indicates that renewable energy has an asymmetric long-run relationship with growth, whereas non-renewables exert symmetric effects. To model these dynamics, the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) framework is applied. Results show that in the long run, positive shocks to renewable energy enhance growth, while both positive and negative shocks to non-renewables have symmetric impacts. In the short run, only non-renewable energy shocks significantly affect growth. Asymmetric causality analysis reveals a bidirectional relationship between positive renewable shocks and growth, suggesting a virtuous cycle of renewable expansion and economic performance. The study contributes by providing the first systematic evidence for Greece on the nonlinear energy–growth nexus, advancing empirical modeling with NARDL and break-adjusted tests, and highlighting the heterogeneous growth effects of renewable versus non-renewable energy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section C: Energy Economics and Policy)

22 pages, 1482 KB

Open AccessArticle

Cellular eEF1G Inhibits Porcine Deltacoronavirus Replication by Binding Nsp12 and Disrupting Its Interaction with Viral Genomic RNA

by Weijia Yin, Xinna Ge, Lei Zhou, Xin Guo, Jun Han, Yongning Zhang and Hanchun Yang

Viruses 2025, 17(10), 1369; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17101369 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging pathogen that causes severe, often fatal, diarrhea in suckling piglets and has zoonotic potential. Its nonstructural protein 12 (Nsp12), functioning as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is a central component of the viral replication–transcription complex and a critical target for host antiviral mechanisms. Here, we identified eukaryotic elongation factor 1 gamma (eEF1G) as a host interactor of PDCoV Nsp12 by immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry in IPEC-J2 cells. This interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, pull-down assays, and confocal microscopy. Functional analyses involving siRNA knockdown and overexpression of eEF1G, combined with viral titration, strand-specific real-time quantitative PCR, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays, demonstrated that eEF1G directly binds to Nsp12. Knockdown of eEF1G significantly enhanced viral replication and increased negative-stranded RNA synthesis, whereas overexpression did not affect viral proliferation. Furthermore, eEF1G was found to bind PDCoV genomic RNA and competitively disrupt the interaction between Nsp12 and viral RNA, thereby impairing RdRp activity. Our results indicate that eEF1G acts as a novel host restriction factor that inhibits PDCoV replication by competing with Nsp12 for genomic RNA binding, ultimately blocking negative-stranded RNA synthesis. This study unveils a new antiviral mechanism and highlights a potential target for developing interventions against PDCoV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Viruses 2025)

19 pages, 789 KB

Open AccessArticle

Serological Evidence of Lassa Virus Exposure in Non-Mastomys Small Mammals Within a Hyperendemic Region of North-Central Nigeria: A Pilot Study

by Augustine Ovie Edegbene, Temidayo Oluwatosin Omotehinwa, Joseph Anejo-Okopi, Sara El Yaagoubi, Oladapo Sunday Shittu, Onyemocho Audu, Evangeline Olohi Abah, Samuel Ijoganu, Genesis Kwaghgande, Celina Aju-Ameh, Adesanya Abimbola, Emmanuel Otache, Emmanuel Ameh, Joyce Danyi, Owoicho Ikwu, Esther Agmdalo Malachi Cegbeyi, Oludare Oladipo Agboola, Joseph Okoeguale, Reuben Agbons Eifediyi, Ediga Bede Agbo, John Alechenu Idoko, Innocent Otoboh Achanya Ujah and Stephen Obekpa Abah Show full author list Hide full author list

Viruses 2025, 17(10), 1368; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17101368 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Lassa fever (LF), a severe hemorrhagic disease endemic to West Africa, is primarily transmitted by rodents of the genus Mastomys, particularly Mastomys natalensis, which serve as the main reservoirs of Lassa virus (LASV). There have been reports of high prevalence of LF in Nigeria, and outbreaks tend to be recurrent yet geographically restricted, implying that additional ecological or epidemiological factors influence the distribution of the disease beyond the mere presence of M. natalensis. However, national-scale data on LASV prevalence in rodent populations remain scarce. To address this gap, a targeted small mammal survey was conducted over a four-month period (May to August 2024) in Otukpo Local Government Area (LGA) of Benue State, north-central Nigeria. Rodents and other small mammals were trapped across three purposively selected wards identified as high-risk areas based on prior reports of occurrence of such small mammals in the areas and the informal settlements in which the selected wards were located in in Otukpo LGA. Analysis of the samples revealed no statistically significant variation in LASV prevalence among the study sites, indicating a relatively uniform, low-level exposure risk across the LGA and region. However, a marginally significant difference in LASV detection between plasma and serum samples suggests that sample type and storage conditions may influence serological sensitivity. These findings highlight the importance of refining diagnostic protocols, broadening surveillance to include additional rodent hosts, and integrating ecological data with public health strategies to improve early warning systems and strengthen Lassa fever control efforts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section General Virology)

12 pages, 2340 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Light on Plant Growth and Physiology of Acmella radicans and A. paniculata in China

by Xiaohan Wu, Fengping Zheng, Zhijie Wang, Qiurui Li, Kexin Yang, Gaofeng Xu, Yunhai Yang, David Roy Clements, Shaosong Yang, Bin Yao, Guimei Jin, Shicai Shen, Fudou Zhang and Michael Denny Day

Diversity 2025, 17(10), 709; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17100709 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Acmella radicans (Jacquin) R.K.Jansen is an annual herb native to Central America. In China, it is becoming increasingly invasive and often co-occurs with the native congener A. paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K.Jansen in some habitats. In order to understand the invasion mechanism of A. radicans, we investigated the growth parameters of both the invasive A. radicans and the native congener, A. paniculata, under different light conditions (5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of light availability) using potted plants in a glasshouse. Light level, plant species, and their interaction were significant, with plant species generally having a greater effect than light level. Acmella radicans and A. paniculata showed great phenotypic plasticity to various light intensities and had a similar trend with increased shade. The plasticity indices of all parameters of A. radicans, except for branch length and inflorescence number, were greater than those of A. paniculata under the same light intensity. The physiological parameters for A. radicans under both favorable (high light intensity) and unfavorable (low light intensity) conditions showed less inhibition than those of A. paniculata. All these responses indicated that A. radicans had greater phenotypic plasticity and higher adaptability to low light, which may contribute to its invasion success. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology, Distribution, Impacts, and Management of Invasive Plants)

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21 pages, 885 KB

Open AccessReview

Effects of Homocysteine Circulating Levels on Human Spontaneous Fertility and In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes: A Literature Review

by Alberto Revelli, Anna Maria Nuzzo, Laura Moretti, Silvana Arduino, Sofia Roero, Roberto Scali, Lorenzo Scali, Gianluca Gennarelli, Francesca Gigliotti, Marlisa Gatto and Alessandro Rolfo

Nutrients 2025, 17(20), 3211; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17203211 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

Background: Homocysteine (Hcy) plays a pivotal role in human reproduction, influencing gamete quality, embryo development, implantation, and pregnancy outcomes. It is central to folate and methionine metabolism and supports methylation-dependent epigenetic processes. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) exerts diverse biological effects and is associated with reproductive impairments in both sexes, affecting both spontaneous fertility and the outcome of assisted reproduction, including In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Although the mechanisms of HHcy toxicity in reproduction are not fully understood, significant progress has been made in elucidating its effects. The emerging picture is complex, as Hcy and its metabolites impact biomolecules and cellular processes in a tissue- and sex-specific manner. Results: In men, HHcy compromises sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity, methylation, and testicular microcirculation, reducing fertility potential. In women, HHcy disrupts follicular growth, oocyte competence, embryo quality, and endometrial receptivity, increasing the risk of implantation failure, miscarriage, and pregnancy complications. In assisted reproduction, HHcy and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variants may lower oocyte yield and embryo quality, although folate and B-vitamin supplementation can mitigate these effects. Conclusions: These effects largely reflect oxidative, inflammatory, vascular and epigenetic mechanisms, highlighting Hcy as a modifiable factor for improving natural fertility, optimizing IVF outcomes, and supporting healthy offspring development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Proteins and Amino Acids)

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15 pages, 1692 KB

Open AccessReview

Application of Regenerative Agriculture: A Review and Case Study in an Agrosilvopastoral Region

by Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta, Jorge Mongil-Manso and Adrián Jiménez-Sánchez

Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9066; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209066 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

While agriculture is experiencing localized crises, its indispensable role as the foundation of humanity’s food supply requires its uninterrupted functioning. This conventional system is therefore in a state of competition with alternative models, particularly agroecology, which offers a different paradigm for food production. Given this situation and the need to gather reliable information on regenerative agriculture (RA), this article provides a literature review on its principles, objectives, and edaphic benefits. Additionally, it presents a case study that offers practical knowledge of the techniques and actions implemented by an agroforestry farm in central Spain. With this goal, this article addresses key aspects of RA, such as the use of cover crops, and the integration of livestock, emphasizing its role in improving soil quality and increasing biodiversity, among other benefits. After reviewing numerous scientific articles, and despite widespread interest in RA, there is no commonly accepted definition, so there is a wide range of ways to define RA. Until a generalized definition is accepted, we advocate making proposals and implementing methods with extreme caution and based on the regional or local context in which it is defined. In this sense, based on the implementation of RA at the Kerbest Foundation farm, we propose regenerative agriculture as a set of agroecological actions and processes that fundamentally provide functional soil quality, food quality, ecosystem services, and, especially, healthy and economically profitable livestock farming. Based on all of the above, we can argue that RA is no longer merely a commitment made by farmers but, rather, an environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable solution grounded in scientific knowledge and technical experience. Full article

18 pages, 309 KB

Open AccessArticle

Orthogonality of 1-Types over Sets, Neighborhoods of Sets in 1-Types in Weakly Ordered Minimal Theories

by Bektur Baizhanov, Nargiza Tazabekova and Tatyana Zambarnaya

Mathematics 2025, 13(20), 3271; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13203271 (registering DOI) - 13 Oct 2025

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between weak orthogonality and almost orthogonality for complete non-algebraic 1-types in weakly ordered minimal theories. A central element of our approach is the concept of neighborhoods, which encapsulate local properties of type realizations. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the geometry of types in weakly ordered minimal theories and provides tools that may be applied in related model-theoretic contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section A: Algebra and Logic)

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