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Search Results (245)

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Keywords = crisis conceptualization

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38 pages, 728 KiB  
Article
“I Feel Like a Lot of Times Women Are the Ones Who Are Problem-Solving for All the People That They Know”: The Gendered Impacts of the Pandemic on Women in Alaska
by Marya Rozanova-Smith and Andrey N. Petrov
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(8), 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14080498 - 19 Aug 2025
Abstract
The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic recovery in urban communities in the Arctic have been substantial, but their gendered aspects remain largely unknown. The goal of this study was to enhance the understanding of the gender-based impact on women in the [...] Read more.
The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic recovery in urban communities in the Arctic have been substantial, but their gendered aspects remain largely unknown. The goal of this study was to enhance the understanding of the gender-based impact on women in the urban areas of Alaska by exploring strengths and constraints to resilience in the social and economic domains of gender equality during and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on grounded theory methodology, this study is based on 29 in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The study methodology utilized a conceptual framework that integrated deficit-based and strength-based analytical perspectives. The paper implemented a voice-centered approach that drew on thematic interviews conducted with women in Anchorage and Nome. Alaska’s urban women demonstrated resilience rooted in self-empowerment and community caregiving. This was reflected in their critical re-evaluation of social and economic gendered structures, a reassessment of priorities in family and social relationships, and the mobilization of support networks. These acts of reflection and care transformed into processes of constructing new meanings of life during dramatic events and became a source of personal strength. The crisis also enabled a re-evaluation of entrenched gender dynamics and women’s ability to challenge gendered divisions in both the workplace and at home. Despite signs of resilience, the pandemic signified a setback for gender equality. It exacerbated pre-existing gender disparities within households, disrupted established pre-pandemic social support networks, increased unpaid domestic labor and a motherhood penalty, and deepened unemployment and income gaps. To further adapt to post-pandemic conditions, women need empowerment and greater representation in decision-making roles, which are critical to strengthening resilience in both the social and economic domains of gender equality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gender Studies)
47 pages, 1179 KiB  
Article
Rethinking Sustainable Operations: A Multi-Level Integration of Circularity, Localization, and Digital Resilience in Manufacturing Systems
by Antonius Setyadi, Suharno Pawirosumarto and Alana Damaris
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 6929; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156929 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 666
Abstract
The escalating climate crisis and global disruptions have prompted a critical re-evaluation of operations management within manufacturing and supply systems. This conceptual article addresses the theoretical and strategic gap in aligning resilience and sustainability by proposing an Integrated Sustainable Operational Strategy (ISOS) framework. [...] Read more.
The escalating climate crisis and global disruptions have prompted a critical re-evaluation of operations management within manufacturing and supply systems. This conceptual article addresses the theoretical and strategic gap in aligning resilience and sustainability by proposing an Integrated Sustainable Operational Strategy (ISOS) framework. Drawing on systems theory, circular economy principles, and sustainability science, the framework synthesizes multiple operational domains—circularity, localization, digital adaptation, and workforce flexibility—across macro (policy), meso (organizational), and micro (process) levels. This study constructs a conceptual model that explains the interdependencies and trade-offs among strategic operational responses in the Anthropocene era. Supported by multi-level logic and a synthesis of domain constructs, the model provides a foundation for empirical investigation and strategic planning. Key propositions for future research are developed, focusing on causal relationships and boundary conditions. The novelty of ISOS lies in its simultaneous integration of three strategic pillars—circularity, localization, and digital resilience—within a unified, multi-scalar architecture that bridges fragmented operational theories. The article advances theory by redefining operational excellence through regenerative logic and adaptive capacity, responding directly to SDG 9 (industry innovation), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), and SDG 13 (climate action). This integrative framework offers both theoretical insight and practical guidance for transforming operations into catalysts of sustainable transition. Full article
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20 pages, 718 KiB  
Communication
Examining Crisis Communication in Geopolitical Conflicts: The Micro-Influencer Impact Model
by Ahmed Taher, Hoda El Kolaly and Nourhan Tarek
Journal. Media 2025, 6(3), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia6030116 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 564
Abstract
In the digital communication ecosystem, micro-influencers have influenced public response during crises, especially in complex geopolitical contexts. This paper introduces the micro-influencer impact model (MIIM), a framework for analyzing the impact of micro-influencers on crisis communication. The MIIM integrates four components (micro-influencer characteristics, [...] Read more.
In the digital communication ecosystem, micro-influencers have influenced public response during crises, especially in complex geopolitical contexts. This paper introduces the micro-influencer impact model (MIIM), a framework for analyzing the impact of micro-influencers on crisis communication. The MIIM integrates four components (micro-influencer characteristics, message framing and delivery, audience factors, and crisis context) offering a comprehensive approach to understanding micro-influencer dynamics during crises. Cross-conflict analysis spanning Ukraine–Russia, Sudan–Ethiopia, Armenia–Azerbaijan, Myanmar, Syria, and India–Pakistan tensions demonstrates the MIIM’s broad applicability across diverse geopolitical crises, showing how factors like perceived authenticity, niche expertise, narrative personalization, and audience digital literacy consistently shape public opinion and crisis response. The MIIM synthesizes crisis communication theories, social influence models, and digital media research, providing a sophisticated framework for studying the dissemination of information and public engagement during crises. The paper proposes theoretically grounded propositions on the impact of micro-influencers, encompassing perceived authenticity, narrative framing, and influence over time, thereby laying the groundwork for future empirical research. Implications for communication scholars, crisis managers, policymakers, and social media platforms are discussed, emphasizing the MIIM’s relevance to theory and practice in crisis communication. Full article
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17 pages, 777 KiB  
Article
The Indirect Role of Emotions in University Students’ Psychological Well-Being
by M. Graça Pereira, Raquel Guimarães, Ana Cristina Bernardo and Margarida Vilaça
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15080950 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 408
Abstract
Mental health difficulties in university students are an increasing concern, especially after the COVID-19 global crisis. This study used a cross-sectional design to analyze the effect of psychological factors on students’ psychological well-being. Participants were 190 university students enrolled in undergraduate or graduate [...] Read more.
Mental health difficulties in university students are an increasing concern, especially after the COVID-19 global crisis. This study used a cross-sectional design to analyze the effect of psychological factors on students’ psychological well-being. Participants were 190 university students enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs at a public university. Based on previous research and grounded theoretical models, a conceptual model was proposed to analyze the influence of affect states/experiences (emotion regulation difficulties, anxiety and depression, perceived stress, self-compassion, gratitude, and satisfaction with life) on psychological well-being, including the indirect effect of emotions (negative emotions, positive activation emotions, self-efficacy emotions, prosocial emotions, and serenity emotions), using a path analysis. Multigroup analyses were also performed to test the moderating effect of gender and education level. Findings indicated that self-efficacy emotions had an indirect effect on the relationship between anxiety and depression, self-compassion, and psychological well-being. Both prosocial and self-efficacy emotions indirectly impacted the relationship between gratitude, satisfaction with life, and psychological well-being. Being a female and a bachelor student played a moderating role in the final model. The findings suggest that psychological interventions focused on self-efficacy and prosocial emotions are needed to increase psychological well-being in university students. Full article
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23 pages, 941 KiB  
Article
Enterprise Architecture for Sustainable SME Resilience: Exploring Change Triggers, Adaptive Capabilities, and Financial Performance in Developing Economies
by Javeria Younus Hamidani and Haider Ali
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 6688; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156688 - 22 Jul 2025
Viewed by 375
Abstract
Enterprise architecture (EA) provides a strategic foundation for aligning business processes, IT infrastructure, and organizational strategy, enabling firms to navigate uncertainty and complexity. In developing economies, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face significant challenges in maintaining financial resilience and sustainable growth amidst frequent [...] Read more.
Enterprise architecture (EA) provides a strategic foundation for aligning business processes, IT infrastructure, and organizational strategy, enabling firms to navigate uncertainty and complexity. In developing economies, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face significant challenges in maintaining financial resilience and sustainable growth amidst frequent disruptions. This study investigates how EA-driven change events affect SME financial performance by activating three key adaptive mechanisms: improvisational capability, flexible IT systems, and organizational culture. A novel classification of EA change triggers is proposed to guide adaptive responses. Using survey data from 291 Pakistani SMEs collected during the COVID-19 crisis, the study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to validate the conceptual model. The results indicate that improvisational capability and flexible IT systems significantly enhance financial performance, while the mediating role of organizational culture is statistically insignificant. This study contributes to EA and sustainability literature by integrating a typology of EA triggers with adaptive capabilities theory and testing their effects in a real-world crisis context. Full article
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14 pages, 217 KiB  
Article
Eco-Spiritual Threads: Karma, Dharma, and Ecosystem in Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island
by Muhammad Hafeez ur Rehman
Religions 2025, 16(7), 931; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16070931 - 18 Jul 2025
Viewed by 407
Abstract
This paper examines Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island through a Hindu eco-spiritual framework to explore how ancient cosmological concepts illuminate contemporary environmental crises. Building upon the legend of Bonduki Sadagar and Manasa Devi, Ghosh narrates the rupture of sacred human–nature relationships in both colonial [...] Read more.
This paper examines Amitav Ghosh’s Gun Island through a Hindu eco-spiritual framework to explore how ancient cosmological concepts illuminate contemporary environmental crises. Building upon the legend of Bonduki Sadagar and Manasa Devi, Ghosh narrates the rupture of sacred human–nature relationships in both colonial and postcolonial contexts. This study employs a tripartite conceptual lens of karma, dharma, and ecosystem drawn from Hindu philosophy to analyze how the novel frames environmental degradation, human moral failure, and ecological interconnectedness. Karma, as the law of cause and effect, is used to depict the consequences of human exploitation through natural disasters, climate migration, and the collapse of ecosystems. Dharma emerges as a principle advocating ecological responsibility and symbiosis between humans and nonhuman life. This paper argues that Ghosh tactfully intertwines Hindu metaphysics with contemporary ecological science to critique capitalist modernity’s environmental violence. The novel’s depiction of floods, the sinking of Venice, and the global refugee crisis dramatizes karmic consequences, while its evocation of myth–science convergence offers a vision of sacred interdependence. Ultimately, this paper concludes that Gun Island provides an urgent eco-spiritual model for reimagining planetary ethics and responding to the Anthropocene through humility, relationality, and spiritual responsibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Postcolonial Literature and Ecotheology)
18 pages, 349 KiB  
Article
Reconsidering the Word–Sacrament and Scripture–Liturgy Debate: A Patristic Perspective
by Ciprian Ioan Streza
Religions 2025, 16(7), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16070895 - 12 Jul 2025
Viewed by 355
Abstract
The relationship between Scripture and the Liturgy remains one of the most extensively debated subjects in theological discourse. In the wake of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, a divided Christendom witnessed the rise of a dichotomy between Scripture and Liturgy, as [...] Read more.
The relationship between Scripture and the Liturgy remains one of the most extensively debated subjects in theological discourse. In the wake of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, a divided Christendom witnessed the rise of a dichotomy between Scripture and Liturgy, as well as between the Word and the Sacrament. This dichotomy, however, is absent from the patristic thought, which perceives the unity and complementarity between Scripture and Liturgy, owing to their shared belonging to the one life of the Church—broadly defined as Tradition—and to the way they are understood and experienced as interconnected modes through which the singular Mystery of Jesus Christ is communicated to the faithful. The present study aims to demonstrate this unity by drawing on a substantial body of patristic writings, highlighting the fact that the life of the Church is one and is lived both as the rule of faith and the rule of prayer, and that through it, one and the same Christ communicates Himself to the faithful both through the Word and through the Holy Sacraments. For the Church Fathers, the Christian faith is not an abstract doctrine about Christ, but a real and personal encounter and communion with Him in the life of the Church. This patristic approach may offer a starting point for contemporary Christianity in addressing the current liturgical crisis and in rethinking and renewing future ecumenical dialogue. Such renewal presupposes a movement beyond secular formalism and nominalism, which have fostered excessive conceptualization and an antithetical view of Scripture and Liturgy, Word and Sacrament. Full article
21 pages, 1417 KiB  
Article
Sharing Economy Platforms in the Face of Crises: A Conceptual Framework
by Paul Belleflamme, Muxin Li and Anaïs Périlleux
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6370; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146370 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 341
Abstract
We propose a conceptual framework to analyze how crises dynamically affect the operations, performance, and strategic choices of digital platforms and how these effects impact their sustainability. Drawing on the theory of two-sided platforms, we propose a framework that considers two key dimensions: [...] Read more.
We propose a conceptual framework to analyze how crises dynamically affect the operations, performance, and strategic choices of digital platforms and how these effects impact their sustainability. Drawing on the theory of two-sided platforms, we propose a framework that considers two key dimensions: (1) the nature of shocks affecting each side of the platform and (2) the time horizon of their impact. We apply this framework to evaluate how sharing-economy platforms responded to the COVID-19 crisis, focusing on Airbnb, Uber Eats, and Prosper as illustrative cases. Full article
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28 pages, 894 KiB  
Article
Human Energy Management System (HEMS) for Workforce Sustainability in Industry 5.0
by Ifeoma Chukwunonso Onyemelukwe, José Antonio Vasconcelos Ferreira, Ana Luísa Ramos and Inês Direito
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6246; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146246 - 8 Jul 2025
Viewed by 398
Abstract
The modern workplace grapples with a human energy crisis, characterized by chronic exhaustion, disengagement, and emotional depletion among employees. Traditional well-being initiatives often fail to address this systemic challenge, particularly in industrial contexts. This study introduces the Human Energy Management System (HEMS), a [...] Read more.
The modern workplace grapples with a human energy crisis, characterized by chronic exhaustion, disengagement, and emotional depletion among employees. Traditional well-being initiatives often fail to address this systemic challenge, particularly in industrial contexts. This study introduces the Human Energy Management System (HEMS), a strategic framework to develop, implement, and refine strategies for optimizing workforce energy. Grounded in Industry 5.0’s human-centric, resilient, and sustainable principles, HEMS integrates enterprise risk management (ERM), design thinking, and the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle. Employing a qualitative Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, the study reframes human energy depletion as an organizational risk, providing a proactive, empathetic, and iterative approach to mitigate workplace stressors. The HEMS framework is developed and evaluated through theoretical modeling, literature benchmarking, and secondary case studies, rather than empirical testing, aligning with DSR’s focus on conceptual validation. Findings suggest HEMS offers a robust tool to operationalize human energy reinforcement strategies in industrial settings. Consistent with the European Union’s vision for human-centric industrial transformation, HEMS enables organizations to foster a resilient, engaged, and thriving workforce in both stable and challenging times. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategic Enterprise Management and Sustainable Economic Development)
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17 pages, 593 KiB  
Article
Toward Sustainable Project Management Practices: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic Using the Most Significant Change Method
by Alejandro Romero-Torres, Marie-Pierre Leroux, Marie-Douce Primeau, Julie Delisle and Thibaut Coulon
Sustainability 2025, 17(13), 5999; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17135999 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 480
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a major shift in project management practices, offering a unique opportunity to assess organizational resilience and sustainability. This study explores how project professionals in Quebec adapted to the early months of the pandemic, focusing on emergent practices in communication, [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a major shift in project management practices, offering a unique opportunity to assess organizational resilience and sustainability. This study explores how project professionals in Quebec adapted to the early months of the pandemic, focusing on emergent practices in communication, decision making, stakeholder engagement, resource management, and scheduling. Using the most significant change (MSC) method, we collected and analyzed 114 stories from practitioners operating at both strategic and operational levels across multiple sectors. The findings reveal how project contributors reconfigured their practices to sustain value delivery amid disruption—adopting digital tools, modifying governance structures, and redefining engagement strategies. Operational contributors showed greater adaptability, while strategic actors experienced challenges with control and oversight. These stories illustrate not only reactive adaptations but also the foundations of more resilient and sustainable governance frameworks. By surfacing lived experiences and perceptions, this research contributes methodologically through its use of MSC and conceptually by linking crisis response with long-term sustainability in project contexts. Our study invites reflection on how temporary adaptations may evolve into embedded practices, reinforcing the interconnection between adaptability, resilience, and sustainability in the governance of project-based organizations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)
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23 pages, 925 KiB  
Systematic Review
Certification for Solar Panel Reuse: A Systematic Review of Cross-Sector Practices and Gaps
by Ishika Chhillar, Sukhbir Sandhu, Subhadarsini Parida and Peter Majewski
Sustainability 2025, 17(13), 5995; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17135995 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 2615
Abstract
This systematic literature review examines the development of a conceptual certification framework for solar panel reuse, positioned within the broader context of the circular economy. It emphasizes sustainable production and consumption in response to the climate crisis and resource depletion. This review was [...] Read more.
This systematic literature review examines the development of a conceptual certification framework for solar panel reuse, positioned within the broader context of the circular economy. It emphasizes sustainable production and consumption in response to the climate crisis and resource depletion. This review was conducted using Scopus and Google Scholar, following a structured search strategy. A final set of 63 sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and gray literature recommended by domain experts, were selected to analyze existing certification frameworks across various sectors, focusing on their relevance to solar panel reuse. Key aspects of product reuse such as safety, quality, and technical standards are explored, highlighting the unique challenges associated with the long lifespans and environmental exposure of solar panels. Through this analysis, this study reveals the core elements vital for an effective certification framework. While structured certification frameworks are essential for sustainability, empirical evidence on their effectiveness in the solar panel reuse remains scarce, and regulatory inconsistencies add complexity. Using established practices in electronics, batteries, and other high-liability sectors as an anchor, the proposed framework, emerging from this systematic review, aims to extend solar panels’ lifecycle, contributing to environmental sustainability and socio-economic equity. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers by addressing key certification gaps and identifying future research directions in solar panel reuse standardization. Full article
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20 pages, 1765 KiB  
Article
Communication in Disaster—The Contribution of the Press to Highlighting Vulnerabilities: The Case of Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil
by Fernando Pereira Silva, Osvaldo Luiz Leal de Moraes, Rita de Cassia Marques Alves, Marcia Cristina Barbosa and José Antonio Marengo
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(7), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14070409 - 29 Jun 2025
Viewed by 761
Abstract
In this article, we explore the role of the media in highlighting an important yet often underestimated aspect of disasters: vulnerability. We use coverage of a disaster that occurred in Brazil’s southernmost state to demonstrate that the effects of a disaster extend far [...] Read more.
In this article, we explore the role of the media in highlighting an important yet often underestimated aspect of disasters: vulnerability. We use coverage of a disaster that occurred in Brazil’s southernmost state to demonstrate that the effects of a disaster extend far beyond the intensity of the extreme event itself. The concept of vulnerability is increasingly recognized in disaster literature, but the communication factors influencing this concept have not been thoroughly examined. We employ a modern conceptual framework that suggests disasters, such as the one that occurred in Brazil in 2024, stem from two interconnected threats: one natural and one anthropogenic. This second component, often not explicitly mentioned in reports, becomes evident when viewed through the lens of disaster risk. This understanding is beneficial for researchers, policy makers, and disaster experts in systematically identifying the socio-structural factors that affect the impact of extreme natural events. Furthermore, effective disaster reporting can transform how individuals and crisis managers understand hazards and respond to disasters. Full article
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20 pages, 1120 KiB  
Article
Safe and Sound: Governance for Planning Public Space in a Security-by-Design Paradigm
by Martina Massari, Danila Longo and Sara Branchini
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(7), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9070241 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 569
Abstract
Security in public spaces has long been the subject of debate and extensive experimentation. With the exponential growth in risks (both expected and unexpected) that public spaces are exposed to, further exacerbated by the pandemic crisis, urban security management increasingly conflicts with the [...] Read more.
Security in public spaces has long been the subject of debate and extensive experimentation. With the exponential growth in risks (both expected and unexpected) that public spaces are exposed to, further exacerbated by the pandemic crisis, urban security management increasingly conflicts with the right to social interaction in space. To avoid creating overly controlled spaces that are unsuitable for generating sociality and spontaneous interactions, and which often reproduce discriminatory social dynamics, while at the same time ensuring users’ awareness of being in a safe environment, it is necessary for all three dimensions of public space security—policy, design, and governance—to converge. This study focuses on governance, exploring how security management shapes public life and how it can align with planning that supports vibrant, spontaneous interaction. Using a multi-method qualitative approach, including a critical literature review, EU policy analysis, and empirical research from the Horizon Europe SAFE CITIES project, the study introduces two tools: the Security and Vulnerability Assessment (SVA) framework and the Atlas for Safe Public Spaces Design. These were tested in pilot sites, including the Gorizia-Nova Gorica cross-border square. Results support a governance model integrating “security by design,” which aligns with Foucault’s view of governance as adaptable to uncertainty and flow. This mixed-method approach allowed for a comprehensive examination of the governance dynamics shaping urban security, ensuring that the study’s conclusions are grounded in theoretical insights and practical implementation, though necessarily limited in generalizability. By framing security as a process of negotiated governance rather than a set of technical constraints, the study offers a conceptual contribution to urban security discourse and practical guidance for planning secure, inclusive public spaces. Full article
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21 pages, 2339 KiB  
Article
Crowdsourcing and Digital Information: Looking for a Future Research Agenda
by Fernando J. Garrigos-Simon and Yeamduan Narangajavana-Kaosiri
Information 2025, 16(7), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16070536 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 509
Abstract
Crowdsourcing has become increasingly relevant in academic research due to its role in the evolving digital landscape, where information is a key driver of organizational performance. In a context dominated by emerging technologies and digital platforms, organizations are turning to external sources for [...] Read more.
Crowdsourcing has become increasingly relevant in academic research due to its role in the evolving digital landscape, where information is a key driver of organizational performance. In a context dominated by emerging technologies and digital platforms, organizations are turning to external sources for data and idea generation. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the literature on crowdsourcing and digital information, using bibliometric techniques and qualitative analysis to identify major trends. The findings reveal several shifts in focus: from conceptual frameworks to practical applications; from customer participation to broader stakeholder involvement; and from general technological and managerial approaches to specific technologies and emerging perspectives in entrepreneurship and finance. The primary contributing disciplines are Computer Science, Engineering, and Information Science. Recent research (post 2023) emphasizes constructs such as “crowdfunding”, “digital platforms”, and “machine learning”, moving beyond earlier focuses like “citizen science” and “social media.” This review also reveals growing interest in managerial, medical, and cultural heritage applications, alongside a decline in research related to geography and crisis management over the past two years. This study enhances our understanding of current research directions and practical implications in crowdsourcing and digital information, offering valuable insights for both academics and practitioners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Information Communication Technologies in the Digital Era)
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26 pages, 5120 KiB  
Review
Effective and Realistic Strategies for Large-Scale Liquid Hydrogen Production
by Jian Yang and Yanzhong Li
Cryo 2025, 1(2), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryo1020008 - 13 Jun 2025
Viewed by 911
Abstract
The excessive use of fossil fuels could bring about a global environmental crisis. Transitioning from a carbon-based to a hydrogen-based economy is an important way to realize the low-carbon energy transition. The key to this economy transformation lies in the efficient utilization of [...] Read more.
The excessive use of fossil fuels could bring about a global environmental crisis. Transitioning from a carbon-based to a hydrogen-based economy is an important way to realize the low-carbon energy transition. The key to this economy transformation lies in the efficient utilization of hydrogen. Hydrogen liquefaction is an efficient technology for the transportation and storage of hydrogen, and the liquid hydrogen produced is also a direct feedstock for many important fields. Large-scale liquefaction of hydrogen has not been commercialized due to its high energy consumption (>10 kWh/kgLH2) and low efficiency (<30%). However, conceptual designs for hydrogen liquefaction with a low energy consumption (about 6.4 kWh/kgLH2) and high efficiency (>40%) are frequently reported in the existing literature. Therefore, in this paper, the production process of liquid hydrogen is reviewed from three aspects, which are hydrogen pre-cooling, hydrogen cryo-cooling, and ortho-para hydrogen (OPH) conversion. The focus is to summarize effective and realistic hydrogen liquefaction schemes in the existing studies to provide process guidance for the subsequent practical production of liquid hydrogen. The development of open and closed refrigeration cycles for hydrogen pre-cooling is reviewed following the lead of pre-coolant types. The implementation methods of structural optimization of different hydrogen cryo-cooling cycles are clarified and the performance improvements achieved are compared. Different modes of OPH conversion are presented and their realization in simulation and practical applications is summarized. Finally, subjective recommendations are given regarding the content of the review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Production, Storage and Transportation of Liquid Hydrogen)
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