Search Results (577)

With the accelerating pace of urbanization, historic districts are increasingly confronted with the dual challenge of coordinating heritage preservation and sustainable development. This study proposes an intelligent evaluation framework that integrates spatiotemporal street view imagery, affective perception modeling, and scene recognition to reveal the evolutionary dynamics of built environment spatial quality in historic districts. Empirical analysis based on multi-temporal data (2013–2020) from the Wudadao Historic District in Tianjin demonstrates that spatial quality is shaped by a complex interplay of factors, including planning and preservation policies, landscape greening, pedestrian-oriented design, infrastructure adequacy, and equitable resource allocation. These findings validate the framework’s effectiveness as a tool for monitoring urban sustainability. Moreover, it provides actionable insights for the development of resilient, equitable, and culturally vibrant built environments, effectively bridging the gap between technological innovation and sustainable governance in the context of historic districts. Full article

The interpretation of archaeological heritage encounters inherent challenges due to the fragmentation and contextual loss of the physical site. Virtual reality has emerged as an innovative medium for enhancing user engagement and promoting meaningful dissemination of culture. This exploratory study investigates the design and preliminary expert-based evaluation of arkeOyun, a virtual reality game created to better understand archaeological sites’ spatial and cultural significance, by sampling the Kültepe Archaeological Site. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of virtual game-based approaches in the dissemination of cultural heritage and user interaction, emphasising spatial clarity, narrative integration, and immersive engagement. Our study incorporates qualitative and quantitative methods, utilising concurrent think-aloud and heuristic evaluation with participants who were selected due to their expertise in heritage, design, and human–computer interaction domains. Participants engaged with arkeOyun via a head-mounted display, and their real-time comments and post-experience evaluations were systematically evaluated. Results indicate that although participants responded positively to the game’s immersive design, interface simplicity, and spatial organisation, notable deficiencies were seen in narrative coherence, emotional resonance, and multimodal feedback. Navigation and the presentation of informative content were seen as critical areas requiring improvement. The data triangulation revealed both consistent and varying assessments, highlighting the need for context-specific support, varied task structures, and emotionally compelling narratives for enhanced interpretation of cultural significance. The findings of our study illustrate the potential of virtual reality games as a medium for cultural heritage interpretation via arkeOyun. For experiences to evolve from immersive simulations to major interpretative platforms, it is vital to integrate narrative frameworks, multimodal scaffolding, and user-centred interaction tactics more deeply. The results of this exploratory pilot study present preliminary findings on integrating virtual reality games in archaeological heritage interpretation and contribute to further projects. Full article

Addressing the escalating complexity of global sustainability challenges requires interventions that are not only technically effective but also cognitively and philosophically grounded. While the leverage points perspective has provided a useful framework for understanding systemic change, it can be enhanced through more operational coherence and cultural pluralism. This paper introduces the Deep and Shallow Sustainability Intervention (DSSI) framework, a novel conceptual model that integrates Taoist philosophical insights with contemporary systems thinking and the leverage points literature. Structured across five interconnected Taoist-inspired domains and ten leverage points, the framework extends and enriches Meadows’ leverage point theory by integrating pre-paradigmatic meta-cognitions, systemic momentum, and context-sensitive action. It emphasizes that sustainable transitions require the dynamic interplay between foundational source-code shifts and operational implementation. This framework contributes to the growing field of transformative sustainability science by (1) embedding non-Western epistemologies into systems transformation theory, (2) offering a structured yet flexible model for multi-level intervention design, and (3) enabling transdisciplinary dialogue between philosophy, paradigmatic shift, meta-systemic logic, governance, and practice. Preliminary applications in European rural transition contexts suggest its potential to enhance context-sensitive action and value-aligned systems innovation. The DSSI framework thus offers a timely and integrative approach for guiding long-term, systemic, and culturally responsive sustainability transitions. Full article

Spalted wood is a natural material characterized by distinctive colors and patterns from wood decay fungi as they digest their substrate and leave behind colored secretions. As an art form, spalted wood was used heavily in western Europe from the 1400s–1600s; however, its use in other parts of the world remains deeply understudied, even in cultures where wood played a dominant social role. The use of spalted wood in China, in particular, is unknown, despite a growing interest by Chinese researchers in modern spalting practices and their potential commercial value. This study systematically reviews the potential historic use, current artistic value, environmental significance, and future application prospects of spalted wood for a Chinese market. By integrating historical records, modern scientific research, and insights from traditional Chinese woodworking, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the aesthetic and functional value of spalted wood for Chinese markets. The findings indicate that the random and non-reproducible nature of spalted wood imbues it with exceptional artistic appeal and collectability, which has a strong potential to appeal to Chinese furniture design, decorative arts, and high-end interior applications. Furthermore, spalted wood demonstrates considerable potential for resource recycling by turning otherwise non-commercial, pale, white woods into higher value options—a phenomenon that has been studied across Europe and North America. In China, this has the potential to reduce wood waste and advance ecological design. However, challenges remain in fungal infection control, processing techniques, and market adoption. With ongoing advancements in biotechnology and manufacturing processes, spalted wood is poised to gain greater recognition in Chinese art, design, and cultural innovation while also contributing to green manufacturing and sustainable development. Full article

This study explores the intersection of landscape design and ecosystem services, emphasising context-sensitive design and the integration of indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in forest health bases. Current challenges include disconnects between design practices and local cultural identity, as well as insufficient ecological integration, necessitating systematic approaches that harmonise ecological functions with sociocultural values. While existing research prioritises health benefit assessments, the role of ILK in long-term sustainability remains underexplored. To address this gap, we developed a multidimensional evaluation system integrating ecological, cultural, community, and human health indicators. Using a hybrid Delphi–Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), we identified 33 core indicators through literature word-frequency analysis. These indicators were refined via two rounds of expert surveys involving 48 interdisciplinary scholars and empirically validated at the Yuping Mountain Forest Health Base in Sichuan, China. The case study achieved an overall score of 4.371 (Grade I), with “Site location” (weight 0.064) and “Maintenance of the human landscape” (weight 0.056) as pivotal factors. ILK integration enhanced ecological resilience and community cultural engagement. Quantitative data revealed strong performance in five senses of experience (weight 0.056), though cultural resource utilisation requires refinement. The innovation of this study is that it is the first to construct an ILK-driven assessment framework to achieve the deep integration of scientific quantification and local wisdom. The study provides a decision-making tool that is both humanistic and scientific, in order to promote the synergistic development of human health, ecological protection, and cultural heritage and to help sustainable landscape design practice. Full article

In this work, κ-carrageenan (κ-C) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were utilized to synthesize polymeric films (κ-C-PEO). A 2^k experimental design was employed to optimize the synthesis of κ-C-PEO systems by considering the content of κ-carrageenan, PEO, and glycerin and their influence on the mechanical features of the resultant films. The κ-C-PEO systems were robustly characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) were utilized to load κ-C-PEO films as an efficient approach to enhance their biological performance. The activity of κ-C-PEO films was studied against Gram-negative bacteria through the Kirby–Bauer assay. Artemia salina nauplii were cultured to assess the possible toxicity of κ-C-PEO films. The results demonstrated that κ-C-PEO films were elongated with the heterogeneous distribution of MgO-NPs. The tensile strength, thickness, and swelling capacity of κ-C-PEO films were 129 kPa, 0.19 mm, and 52.01%, respectively. TGA and DTA analyses revealed that κ-C-PEO films are thermally stable structures presenting significant mass loss patterns at >200 °C. Treatment with κ-C-PEO films did not inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli nor Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Against A. salina nauplii, κ-C-PEO films did not decrease the survival rate nor compromise the morphology of the tested in vivo model. The retrieved data from this study expand the knowledge about integrating inorganic nanomaterials with polysaccharide-based structures and their possible application in treating chronic wounds. Even though this work provides innovative insights into the optimal design of bioactive structures, further approaches are required to improve the biological performance of the synthesized κ-C-PEO films. Full article

Cultural heritage plays a crucial role in strengthening local identity and fostering socio-economic development. However, its effective enhancement requires an inclusive decision-making process capable of integrating the diverse perspectives of stakeholders. This study introduces an innovative participatory governance model applied to the case of Taverna, Calabria. This study adopted a methodological framework grounded in co-design and co-evaluation, and the research examined the impacts and opportunities associated with a collaborative management process for cultural heritage. The proposed framework consists of five key phases: defining a strategic vision, analyzing the territorial context, co-designing enhancement strategies, implementing actions, and monitoring their impact. The findings highlight the effectiveness of this approach in shaping strategies grounded in local identity, inclusive community engagement, and long-term sustainability. The experience of Taverna’s collaborative decision-making project demonstrates that an inclusive governance process can generate tangible benefits in terms of social innovation, economic growth, and heritage conservation. Full article

Microfluidics-based mixing methods have attracted increasing attention due to their great potential in bio-related and material science fields. The combination of acoustics and microfluidics, called acoustofluidics, has been shown to be a promising tool for precise manipulation of microfluids and micro-objects. In general, achieving robust mixing performance in an efficient and simple manner is crucial for microfluidics-based on-chip devices. When surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are introduced into microfluidic devices, the acoustic field can drive highly controllable acoustic streaming flows through acoustofluidic interactions with micro-solid structures, which have the advantages of label-free operation, flexible control, contactless force, fast-response kinetics, and good biocompatibility. Therefore, the design and application of various SAW micromixers have been demonstrated. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest research and development of SAW-based micromixers. Specifically, we discuss the design principles and underlying physics of SAW-based acoustic micromixing, summarize the distinct types of existing SAW micromixers, and highlight established applications of SAW micromixing technology in chemical synthesis, nanoparticle fabrication, cell culture, biochemical analysis, and cell lysis. Finally, we present current challenges and some perspectives to motivate further research in this area. The purpose of this work is to provide an in-depth understanding of SAW micromixers and inspire readers who are interested in making some innovations in this research field. Full article

South Africa continues to experience a high HIV prevalence, necessitating innovative prevention strategies aligned with the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. Long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), such as cabotegravir (CAB-LA), offers a promising alternative to daily oral regimens. However, the perspectives of primary healthcare workers (PHCWs)—key implementers of this intervention—remain underexplored. This scoping review aims to systematically map existing literature on PHCWs’ knowledge, awareness, perceptions, barriers, facilitators, and implementation experiences related to injectable PrEP within the South African healthcare context. The review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley framework, enhanced by Levac et al., and will be reported following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive search will be conducted across PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, and Google Scholar, without language or date restrictions. The search strategy will employ both controlled vocabulary (e.g., MeSH and CINAHL Subject Headings) and free-text terms. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria will be managed using EndNote X20 and appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018 version. Data will be synthesized thematically and presented narratively and in tabular form. By consolidating PHCWs’ perspectives, this review will identify implementation challenges, training needs, and systemic barriers, informing the development of context-specific strategies for PrEP rollout. The findings are expected to support the design of effective, culturally relevant educational interventions and guide policymakers in strengthening HIV prevention efforts in high-burden settings. Full article

The capability approach, shaped by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, offers an innovative normative framework for social work with disadvantaged children and adolescents. Unlike purely resource- or income-oriented approaches, it asks what real opportunities young people have to lead the lives that they value. At its core is the question of how these young individuals can develop their talents, build relationships, and participate in community and culture. The potential of the capability approach becomes particularly evident in social problem contexts often characterized by poverty, educational disadvantages, or discrimination. It emphasizes the importance of freedoms, self-determination, and agency, viewing children not merely as in need of assistance but as active agents in shaping their own lives. For social work practice, this opens up new possibilities for designing interventions in a participatory manner, ensuring that children’s needs and values are taken into account. Instead of standardized solutions, individualized and context-sensitive strategies are promoted. This approach also calls for a multilateral perspective: beyond individual casework, societal and institutional structures must be addressed. Only by removing barriers in areas such as education, health, and housing can real opportunities be created. At the same time, the concept aligns well with children’s rights work, trauma-sensitive approaches, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Although operationalizing the approach is complex, a capability-oriented perspective allows for a comprehensive assessment of children’s living conditions. In this way, social work can increasingly focus on strengthening agency and recognizing young people as subjects of their own becoming. Full article

Matrigel, a tumor-derived basement membrane extract, has been commercially used in the field of cell culture and tissue engineering due to its extracellular-matrix-mimetic (ECM-mimetic) properties. However, its batch-to-batch variability and limited mechanical tunability hinder reproducibility and clinical translation. To overcome these issues, synthetic ECM-mimetic hydrogels have been developed to improve reproducibility and biocompatibility. While they are effective in mimicking ECMs, these materials must go beyond passive replication by implementing the complex functionalities of the ECM. The integration of nanomaterials with hydrogel could address this need by reinforcing mechanical properties, enabling various functionalities, and featuring dynamic responsiveness. In this review, we present the evolution from Matrigel to ECM-mimetic hydrogels and ECM-mimetic hydrogel nanocomposites, exploring their key advancements and challenges. We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the transition from Matrigel to ECM-mimetic hydrogels and ECM-mimetic hydrogel nanocomposites, along with cases that have addressed Matrigel’s limitations and added new functionalities. Furthermore, we discuss future directions for the design of the ECM-mimetic hydrogels, emphasizing how nanotechnology strategies can drive innovation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Full article

Background/Objectives: Liver-on-a-chip (LiOC) technology is increasingly recognized as a transformative platform for modeling liver biology, disease mechanisms, drug metabolism, and toxicity screening. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models lack the complexity needed to replicate the liver’s unique microenvironment. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in LiOC systems, emphasizing their potential in biomedical research and translational applications. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes findings from key studies on the development and application of LiOC platforms. We explored innovations in material science and bioengineering, including microfluidic design, 3D printing, stem cell– and tissue-derived liver organoid integration, and co-culture strategies. Commercially available LiOC systems and their regulatory relevance were also evaluated. Results: LiOC systems have evolved from simple PDMS-based chips to complex, multicellular constructs incorporating hepatocytes, endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells. Recent studies demonstrate their superior ability to replicate liver-specific architecture and functions. Applications span cancer research, drug toxicity assessment (e.g., drug-induced liver injury prediction with >85% sensitivity), disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Several platforms have gained FDA recognition and are in active use for preclinical drug testing. Conclusions: LiOC technology offers a more physiologically relevant alternative to traditional models and holds promise for reducing reliance on animal studies. While challenges remain, such as vascularization and long-term function, ongoing advancements are paving the way toward clinical and pharmaceutical integration. The technology is poised to play a key role in personalized medicine and next-generation therapeutic development. Full article

The lack of proper integration of inclusive design, accessibility standards, and universal design principles into urban planning has resulted in public open spaces that exclude many individuals, particularly those with disabilities or other marginalized groups. Integrating these principles is essential to create environments that are accessible, equitable, and beneficial for all individuals, regardless of their abilities, backgrounds, or socioeconomic status. To address this gap, this study analyzes existing research on universal design and accessibility standards to identify challenges and opportunities in the design of inclusive public open spaces. This systematic review seeks to critically explore how the application of universal design principles and accessibility standards supports the creation of inclusive public open spaces. Although universal design focuses on physical accessibility, inclusion in public spaces entails a more complex web of spatial, social, and policy factors. This research systematically evaluates international literature to determine key gaps, best practices, and action-oriented policy and design recommendations. The scope is situated within the Global South, particularly India, to align with the paper’s geographical focus. The findings emphasize that robust enforcement structures, contextual adjustments, and global standards are crucial for the successful implementation of universal design and accessibility integrated with inclusive design. This integration must begin at the initial stages of the design process and be maintained throughout planning, construction, management, and operation. The study further highlights the importance of stakeholder involvement as a critical component at every stage of the design and implementation process. It underscores the need for tailored strategies for urban spaces that incorporate cultural, regional, and socioeconomic characteristics. Additionally, the study highlights the potential of technology and innovation, such as digital accessibility tools and smart city efforts, to improve inclusivity. Finally, the study proposes future research directions, including the impact of inclusive design on social cohesion, the challenges faced in rural and peripheral areas, and the role of modern technology in enhancing public open space design. Full article

This study investigates the potential of a biostimulant derived from the invasive brown alga Rugulopteryx okamurae (RoB) to enhance lettuce growth and improve its phytochemical profile. The extraction of the biostimulant was optimized through the implementation of a Box–Behnken design, and the resulting extract was then compared with a commercial Ascophyllum nodosum-based product (AnB). This comparison was made under both optimal and suboptimal fertigation conditions in a controlled, soilless culture. Lettuce plants were monitored for water and nutrient uptake, growth parameters, and accumulation of key phytochemicals such as carotenoids, tocols, sterols, and squalene. RoB significantly increased fresh and dry biomass, with enhanced nitrate and potassium uptake, in comparison to standard nutrient solution controls (p < 0.05). Treatments incorporating RoB consistently resulted in higher concentrations of lutein, β-sitosterol, and squalene, particularly under suboptimal conditions (p < 0.05), thus suggesting a strong biostimulant effect that mitigates nutrient stress. Furthermore, principal component analysis demonstrated that biostimulant application induces distinct metabolic profiles, highlighting the coordinated regulation of antioxidant pigments and sterol compounds. The findings support the dual benefits of algae-derived biostimulants in promoting sustainable crop production by improving yield quality and increasing health-promoting phytochemicals, paving the way for innovative, eco-friendly fertilization practices in modern agriculture. Full article

With the increasingly urgent demand for the localization of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs), the construction of an evaluation system and the practice paths of counties, as important spatial units of China’s sustainable development, urgently need to be deepened. Based on the articulation of the SDGs and China’s national conditions, this study innovatively designed an indicator delivery framework covering the United Nations level to the county level; constructed a county-level sustainable development evaluation indicator system that includes three dimensions, including economic development, social culture, and ecological environment; adopted the entropy weight method to determine the weights of indicators; and introduced a dynamic evaluation and analysis model utilizing three analytical methods, namely coupling coordination analysis, obstacle analysis, and Dagum decomposition, to evaluate the level of sustainable development of 76 counties in the 2010–2021 period considering both time and space. The results show that (1) the national county sustainable development index (CSDI) was significantly improved, regional differences were narrowed, the central region has the best overall performance, and the western region has the fastest growth rate; (2) economic development has become the main driving force, and the economic gap between regions has gradually narrowed, but the spatial heterogeneity of the environmental and social dimensions is still prominent; (3) the eastern region has generated positive spillover effects on the central and western regions through industrial transfer and technology diffusion, while the northeastern region develops relatively slowly due to the lagging industrial transformation; and (4) the degree of coupling coordination rises as a whole, but the differences in synergistic ability between regions are obvious. This study provides a scientific basis for the formulation of differentiated sustainable development policies for counties and emphasizes the key role of regional synergy mechanisms in narrowing the development gap. Full article