Search Results (8)

Cross-domain formations composed of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Surface Vessels (USVs) are critical for maritime defense but face significant challenges in countering complex aerial threats and developing flexible, collaborative strategies. Addressing the limitations of traditional decision support systems in semantic understanding and dynamic adaptation, this paper proposes a novel Large Language Model (LLM)-driven decision support framework grounded in the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF). By integrating Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) with a domain-specific knowledge base, the framework enhances the LLM’s ability to align natural-language directives with standardized DoDAF view models, effectively mitigating hallucinations in tactical generation. The proposed framework coordinates a closed-loop process, using Petri net-based static logic verification to ensure structural consistency and Monte Carlo-based dynamic effectiveness evaluation to optimize the selection of kill chains. Experimental validations in a simulated UAV-USV maritime defense scenario demonstrate that the framework achieves 96.6% entity accuracy and 100% format compliance in model generation. In comparison, the generated cooperative kill chains significantly outperform non-cooperative methods by improving interception efficacy by approximately 26.08% under saturation attack conditions. This study develops an automated, interpretable workflow that transforms unstructured situational understanding into decision reporting, significantly enhancing the efficiency and reliability of cross-domain collaborative mission planning. Full article

Large organizations face a critical systems integration challenge when executing multiple concurrent security modernization programs. This paper examines the U.S. Department of Defense’s simultaneous implementation of three transformational initiatives—post-quantum cryptography (PQC) migration, Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) deployment, and AI security assurance—each operating under separate governance structures, timelines, and compliance frameworks. Through systematic evidence synthesis of 59 sources (47 policy/standards documents and 12 performance benchmarks), we identify cross-program dependencies that create integration failures when programs operate in isolation. We propose a shared modernization substrate—a four-layer infrastructure architecture (Cryptographic Services, Identity Management, Analytics Pipeline, Policy Orchestration) that enables coordinated execution while preserving program independence. The framework addresses the fundamental systems challenge of achieving interoperability across programs with misaligned schedules and competing resource demands. We introduce a five-level Triad Convergence Maturity Model (TCMM) with operationalized indicators enabling repeatable organizational assessment. Illustrative application to three DoD modernization contexts demonstrates the framework’s ability to differentiate maturity levels. Performance analysis synthesizes published benchmark data: enterprise PQC latency overhead is modest (measured), while tactical environment estimates of 158–383% overhead are derived from benchmark extrapolation under packet-loss assumptions (modeled). Scenario modeling suggests that coordinated incident response through the substrate architecture could substantially reduce risk exposure windows compared to siloed approaches (modeled). The framework transforms fragmented program execution into synchronized systems modernization, offering practical guidance for chief information officers, program managers, and enterprise architects managing concurrent technology transitions. Full article

The electric power grid constitutes a foundational pillar of modern critical infrastructure (CI), underpinning societal functionality and global economic stability. Yet, the increasing convergence of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT), particularly through the integration of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Industrial Control Systems (ICS), has amplified the sector’s exposure to sophisticated cyber threats. This study conducts a comparative analysis of five major cyber incidents targeting electric power systems: the 2015 and 2016 Ukrainian power grid disruptions, the 2022 Industroyer2 event, the 2010 Stuxnet attack, and the 2012 Shamoon incident. Each case is examined with respect to its objectives, methodologies, operational impacts, and mitigation efforts. Building on these analyses, the research evaluates the extent to which such attacks could have been prevented or mitigated through the systematic adoption of leading cybersecurity maturity frameworks. The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0, the ENISA NIS2 Directive Risk Management Measures, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model (C2M2), and the Cybersecurity Risk Foundation (CRF) Maturity Model alongside complementary technical standards such as NIST SP 800-82 and IEC 62443 have been thoroughly examined. The findings suggest that a proactive, layered defense architecture grounded in the principles of these frameworks could have significantly reduced both the likelihood and the operational impact of the reviewed incidents. Moreover, the paper identifies critical gaps in the existing maturity models, particularly in their ability to capture hybrid, cross-domain, and human-centric threat dynamics. The study concludes by proposing directions for evolving from compliance-driven to resilience-oriented cybersecurity ecosystems, offering actionable recommendations for policymakers and power system operators to strengthen the cyber-physical resilience of electric generation and distribution infrastructures worldwide. Full article

As a crucial component in the evolution of modern warfare toward digitization and intelligentization, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipment requires a more precise and efficient operation and maintenance (O&M) system. Based on the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) 2.0, the integration of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and military simulation technology provides a comprehensive, rational, and feasible theoretical foundation for the construction and validation of an intelligent O&M system for UAV equipment. Firstly, starting from the O&M tasks of UAV equipment in intelligent warfare, this study analyzes the capability requirements for intelligent UAV O&M by following the generation path of scenarios, activities, and capabilities. Three core capabilities are proposed: situational awareness, decision support, and mission execution. Secondly, various O&M tasks are decomposed into behaviors of multiple types of agents, and based on this, an intelligent O&M system for UAV equipment is designed using a “cloud-edge-terminal” distributed architecture. Finally, simulations are conducted to model and validate UAV equipment maintenance tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that the MAS-based UAV O&M system significantly enhances support efficiency, accuracy, and response speed, offering a novel solution for O&M in future UAV operations. Full article

The importance of architecture design keeps increasing as the complexity of systems and system-of-systems (SoSs) continues rising. While the architecture frameworks such as the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) are commonly used to guide architecture design, many perspectives are still hindering their effective use. Instead of generating a set of architecture description models probably only for satisfying the milestone review, the architecture frameworks should be used to organize the vague or incomplete information, identify and formulate the decision-making problem, and guide the architecture decision-making. Unfortunately, the decision points are hidden in the architecture models and the ambiguity often leads to a confusion of whether the architecture models are built incorrectly due to the lack of modeling experience or the lack of adequate decision analysis. Therefore, this paper identifies the key decision points and decision types during the architecture model development based on the DoDAF. Plus, this paper proposes a set of decision patterns and a guide to their use to provide qualitative decision analysis for developing architecture models and generating alternatives. An illustrative example to anti-submarine SoSs demonstrates the process of applying the decision patterns to the DoDAF model’s development and the generated architecture alternatives. Full article

With the wide variety of information systems and applications for motor transport and transport logistics control we have today, one may think we are already living in the digital era of general welfare, and digital tools would easily ensure sustainable development and prosperity of businesses. However, the experience of deployment and introduction of such solutions shows that their value for transport business is significantly lower than expected. Moreover, in some projects, business performance of transport companies had no correlation with introduction of information systems. In the best-case scenario, they provided for a slight decrease in document flow transaction costs. The change of the strategic status of a company in the transportation service market is a fairly complicated task, which, as analysis of literary sources shows, is achievable for few enterprises, primarily small and medium-sized businesses. Such situations show that information solutions were introduced without analyzing or assessing the business models of certain companies which could be used a basis for digital landscape of business as a whole. In recent years, the basic concept of forming a single information space of an enterprise has been the enterprise architecture. It provided for coordination between all the business processes in order to achieve a company’s strategic goals. The fundamentals of the concept were developed by J. Zachman in his famous Zachman Framework, and it was later developed with numerous models of enterprise architecture (e.g., TOGAF (Department of Defense Architecture Framework), GERAM (Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology), DoDAF (Department of Defense Architecture Framework)). However, currently some researchers note that sustainable corporate development should stem not only from a “correct assembly” of all its business elements, which was the purpose of enterprise architecture, but also from the interaction of these elements when reaching the emergence effect. In this context, one should pay attention to comprehensive activity analysis of a transport and logistics business using ontological and architecture approaches. Full article

As an important national strategy infrastructure, the Space Information Network (SIN) is a powerful platform for future information support. The architecture model of the SIN is of great significance to the construction and development of the SIN. For the problems related to the poor versatility, portability, and recombination of the existing architecture modeling methods of the SIN, in this paper, based on the Data as a Center (DaaC) modeling idea, we propose a reconfigurable model of the task-oriented architecture of the SIN. Combining with the typical characteristics of the SIN, and drawing on the advantages of activity-based flexibility, service-oriented integrity, and object-oriented reusability, we propose a DaaC modeling idea with space data. The DaaC modeling idea can solve the problems related to the poor versatility and portability of the SIN architecture. Based on the DaaC idea, we analyze the requirements of the task-oriented architecture, and define the basic concepts of SIN reorganization, including the reconfigurable target, reconfigurable scheme, and reconfigurable SIN. We establish the reconfigurable principles of loose coupling, compatibility, isolation, and deconstruction. Meanwhile, we analyze the realization mechanism and methods of the task-oriented reconfigurable model of the SIN based on DaaC. Finally, we take a typical SIN as an example, and make a case study on land-based anti-missile combat activities as the task background based on the DoDAF2.0 (Department of Defense Architectural Framework 2.0) framework and the STK (Satellite Tool Kit) simulation platform. The case results are consistent with the theoretical expectation, and it verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed method. Full article

This paper provides a high-level discussion and propositions of frameworks and models for acquisition strategy of complex systems. In particular, it presents an innovative system engineering approach to model the Department of Defense (DoD) acquisition process and offers several optimization modules including simulation models using game theory and war-gaming concepts. Our frameworks employ Advanced Game-based Mathematical Framework (AGMF) and Unified Game-based Acquisition Framework (UGAF), and related advanced simulation and mathematical models that include a set of War-Gaming Engines (WGEs) implemented in MATLAB statistical optimization models. WGEs are defined as a set of algorithms, characterizing the Program and Technical Baseline (PTB), technology enablers, architectural solutions, contract type, contract parameters and associated incentives, and industry bidding position. As a proof of concept, Aerospace, in collaboration with the North Carolina State University (NCSU) and University of Hawaii (UH), successfully applied and extended the proposed frameworks and decision models to determine the optimum contract parameters and incentives for a Cost Plus Incentive Fee (CPIF) contract. As a result, we can suggest a set of acquisition strategies that ensure the optimization of the PTB. Full article