Sign in to use this feature.

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Journals

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Article Types

Countries / Regions

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Search Results (3,228)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = disruption risk

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
20 pages, 5925 KB  
Article
Functional and Evolutionary Role of Reproductive Hormonal Dysregulation Following Dietary Exposure to Singed Meat
by Prosper Manu Abdulai, Orish Ebere Orisakwe, Costantino Parisi, Rubina Vangone, Corrado Pane, Emidio M. Sivieri, Domenico Pirozzi and Giulia Guerriero
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9774; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199774 - 8 Oct 2025
Abstract
Consumption of meat singed with non-standard fuels is a common practice in many low- and middle-income settings, yet it may introduce combustion-derived toxicants with serious health consequences. While the toxicological effects of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals are well [...] Read more.
Consumption of meat singed with non-standard fuels is a common practice in many low- and middle-income settings, yet it may introduce combustion-derived toxicants with serious health consequences. While the toxicological effects of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals are well documented, the specific impact of singed meat consumption on endocrine regulation remains poorly understood. Of particular concern is the reproductive hormonal network, which not only serves as a sensitive biomarker of systemic disruption but also represents an evolutionary safeguard of fertility and generational continuity. Our study addresses this knowledge gap using male Wistar rats fed for 90 days (week 0 to week 12) on diets containing increasing proportions (25%, 50%, 75%) of meat singed with firewood, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or tyres. Firewood- and tyre-singed meat induced dose- and source-dependent toxicity, including hepatocellular injury, impaired protein metabolism, elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, organ hypertrophy, and pronounced oxidative stress. Hormonal analysis revealed reduced testosterone alongside increased FSH, LH, and prolactin, indicating hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis disruption and reproductive risk. In contrast, LPG-singed meat caused only minor alterations. These findings highlight reproductive hormones as sensitive biomarkers, underscoring the health risks of singeing practices and their evolutionary implications for fertility and population fitness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormones: Evolutionary and Functional Role)
Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 3652 KB  
Case Report
Transfemoral TAVI in a High-Risk Patient with Porcelain Aorta and Severe Subrenal Abdominal Aortic Stenosis: A Case Report
by Anees Al Jabri, Marcello Ravani, Giuseppe Trianni, Tommaso Gasbarri, Marta Casula and Sergio Berti
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12(10), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12100396 - 7 Oct 2025
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common degenerative valvular disease in elderly patients, causing obstruction of left ventricular outflow and presenting with symptoms such as angina, syncope, and heart failure. Although surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) remains the gold standard, its high perioperative risk [...] Read more.
Aortic stenosis (AS) is a common degenerative valvular disease in elderly patients, causing obstruction of left ventricular outflow and presenting with symptoms such as angina, syncope, and heart failure. Although surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) remains the gold standard, its high perioperative risk in frail patients has led to the adoption of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) as a less invasive and effective alternative. The transfemoral (TF) access route is generally preferred, but severe peripheral arterial disease may limit its feasibility. We report the case of a 71-year-old woman with critical AS complicated by multiple comorbidities, including extensive vascular calcifications, a porcelain aorta, and significant subrenal abdominal aortic stenosis. Multimodal imaging, including computed tomography, was essential for procedural planning, revealing complex iliofemoral anatomy unsuitable for conventional device passage without intervention. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) was used to disrupt calcific plaques and facilitate safe vascular access. The TAVI procedure was successfully performed under local anesthesia via TF access using a 65 cm GORE® DRYSEAL Flex Introducer Sheath (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA) (18-Fr). After balloon valvuloplasty performed over a SAFARI2™ Pre-Shaped TAVI Guidewire, Extra Small (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) Curve in the left ventricle, a self-expanding Medtronic Evolut™ FX 26 (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA)mm transcatheter valve was implanted. Postoperative imaging confirmed optimal valve function and vascular integrity without complications. This case highlights the role of IVL as an innovative adjunctive technique enabling TF-TAVI in patients with challenging vascular anatomy, thereby expanding treatment options for high-risk individuals with severe AS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI): 3rd Edition)
Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 3896 KB  
Article
Bridge Risk Index for Freight Corridor Resilience: A Non-Parametric Machine Learning and Threat Modeling Approach
by Raj Bridgelall
Infrastructures 2025, 10(10), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures10100264 - 7 Oct 2025
Abstract
Bridges are critical nodes in freight networks, yet limited funding prevents agencies from maintaining all structures in good condition. This creates the need for a transparent and scalable method to identify which bridges pose the greatest risk to supply chain continuity. This study [...] Read more.
Bridges are critical nodes in freight networks, yet limited funding prevents agencies from maintaining all structures in good condition. This creates the need for a transparent and scalable method to identify which bridges pose the greatest risk to supply chain continuity. This study develops a bridge risk index using the threat–vulnerability–consequence (TVC) framework and validates its components with machine learning. Threat is defined as per-lane average daily traffic, vulnerability as effective bridge age (epoch), and consequence as detour distance, with traffic also contributing to disruption magnitude. The methodology applies log transformation and normalization to construct an interpretable multiplicative index, then classifies risk using Jenks natural breaks. The results show that epoch dominates vulnerability, detour distance amplifies consequence, and their interaction explains most of the risk variation. Specifically, effective age explains over three times more variation in bridge condition than any other attribute. The vulnerability–consequence interaction dominates with an R2 = 0.98. The highest-risk bridges are concentrated in rural areas and near major freight gateways where detour options are limited. The proposed TVC index provides a transparent, data-driven decision-support tool that agencies can apply nationwide to prioritize investments, safeguard freight corridors, and strengthen supply chain resilience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Bridge Engineering)
Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1741 KB  
Article
Profit Optimization in Multi-Unit Construction Projects Under Variable Weather Conditions: A Wind Farm Case Study
by Michał Podolski, Jerzy Rosłon and Bartłomiej Sroka
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10769; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910769 - 7 Oct 2025
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel scheduling model that integrates weather-based productivity coefficients into multi-unit construction projects, aiming to enhance profit and reduce delays. The method is suitable especially for renewable energy, open-area projects. The authors propose a flow-shop optimization framework that considers key [...] Read more.
This paper introduces a novel scheduling model that integrates weather-based productivity coefficients into multi-unit construction projects, aiming to enhance profit and reduce delays. The method is suitable especially for renewable energy, open-area projects. The authors propose a flow-shop optimization framework that considers key aspects of construction contracts, e.g., contractual penalties, downtime losses, and cash flow constraints. A proprietary Tabu Search (TS) metaheuristic algorithm variant is used to solve the resulting NP-hard problem. Numerical experiments on multiple test sets indicate that the TS algorithm consistently outperforms other methods in finding higher-profit schedules. A real-world wind farm case study further demonstrates substantial improvements, transforming an initially loss-making operation into a profitable venture. By explicitly accounting for weather disruptions within a formalized scheduling model, this work advances the understanding of reliable project planning under uncertain environmental conditions. The solution framework offers contractors an effective tool for mitigating scheduling risks and optimizing resource usage. The integration of weather data and cash flow management increases the likelihood of on-time and on-budget project delivery. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 5356 KB  
Article
Bisphenol AF Induces Hepatic Steatosis via Succinate–SUCNR1-Mediated Macrophage–Hepatocyte Interactions: An Adverse Outcome Pathway Study in Male C57BL/6 Mice
by Ning Wang, Jing Leng, Huimin Zhang, Jing Xu, Xiaoqi Yu, Kelei Qian, Zhiqing Zheng, Mengchao Ying, Gonghua Tao, Ping Xiao and Xinyu Hong
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9720; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199720 - 6 Oct 2025
Viewed by 73
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF) exposure is increasingly linked to metabolic disorders, yet the molecular initiating events (MIE) and key events (KE) leading to hepatic steatosis remain unclear. We constructed an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) to mechanistically connect BPAF-triggered macrophage–hepatocyte crosstalk to liver fat accumulation. [...] Read more.
Bisphenol AF (BPAF) exposure is increasingly linked to metabolic disorders, yet the molecular initiating events (MIE) and key events (KE) leading to hepatic steatosis remain unclear. We constructed an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) to mechanistically connect BPAF-triggered macrophage–hepatocyte crosstalk to liver fat accumulation. Male C57BL/6 mice received daily oral gavage of 0, 0.5, 4, or 32 mg kg−1 BPAF for 90 d, and Transwell co-cultures of RAW264.7 macrophages and AML12 hepatocytes were used for in vitro validation. Targeted metabolomics, western blotting, and lipid staining quantified succinate, pathway proteins, and steatosis. BPAF dose-dependently increased serum succinate (BMD = 6901.95 nM) and hepatic triglyceride (TG) (BMD = 874.26 nM). Cryo-EM docking revealed BPAF binding to SUCNR1 at 2.9 Å, disrupting the inactive-state conformation. In co-culture, BPAF-exposed macrophages released succinate that bound hepatocyte SUCNR1, suppressed Akt phosphorylation, and activated JNK. These KEs led to a 40% increase in lipid droplets and elevated TG, total cholesterol (TC), and free fatty acids (FFA) without liver weight gain. We propose the first AOP for BPAF-induced hepatic steatosis: BPAF–SUCNR1 binding (MIE) → macrophage succinate release (KE1) → SUCNR1-mediated Akt inhibition/JNK activation (KE2–4) → hepatic lipid accumulation (KE5) → steatosis (AO). These findings provide mechanistic insight for chemical risk assessment of BPAF and structurally related bisphenols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3503 KB  
Article
The Development, Implementation, and Application of a Probabilistic Risk Assessment Framework to Evaluate Supply Chain Shortages
by Priyanka Pandit, Arjun Earthperson and Mihai A. Diaconeasa
Logistics 2025, 9(4), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9040141 - 6 Oct 2025
Viewed by 108
Abstract
Background: Supply chain disruptions from natural hazards, geopolitical tensions, or global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can trigger widespread shortages, with particularly severe consequences in healthcare through drug supply interruptions. Existing methods to assess shortage risks include scoring, simulation, and machine [...] Read more.
Background: Supply chain disruptions from natural hazards, geopolitical tensions, or global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can trigger widespread shortages, with particularly severe consequences in healthcare through drug supply interruptions. Existing methods to assess shortage risks include scoring, simulation, and machine learning, but these approaches face limitations in interpretability, scalability, or computational cost. This study explores the application of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), a method widely used in high-reliability industries, to evaluate pharmaceutical supply chain risks. Methods: We developed the supply chain probabilistic risk assessment framework and tool, which integrates facility-level failure probabilities and flow data to construct and quantify fault trees and network graphs. Using FDA inspection data from drug manufacturing facilities, the framework generates shortage risk profiles, performs uncertainty analysis, and computes importance measures to rank facilities by risk significance. Results: SUPRA quantified 7567 supply chain models in under eight seconds, producing facility-level importance measures and shortage risk profiles that highlight critical vulnerabilities. The tool demonstrated scalability, interpretability, and efficiency compared with traditional simulation-based methods. Conclusions: PRA offers a systematic, data-driven approach for shortage risk assessment in supply chains. SUPRA enables decision-makers to anticipate vulnerabilities, prioritize mitigation strategies, and strengthen resilience in critical sectors such as healthcare. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 3926 KB  
Review
Targeting Modifiable Risks: Molecular Mechanisms and Population Burden of Lifestyle Factors on Male Genitourinary Health
by Xingcheng Yang, Meiping Lan, Jiawen Yang, Yuyi Xia, Linxiang Han, Ling Zhang and Yu Fang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9698; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199698 - 5 Oct 2025
Viewed by 273
Abstract
Health represents a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, with lifestyle factors accounting for approximately 60% of health determinants. Suboptimal health describes an intermediate condition between wellness and disease. According to 2023 WHO data, infertility affects approximately 17.5% of global adults, [...] Read more.
Health represents a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, with lifestyle factors accounting for approximately 60% of health determinants. Suboptimal health describes an intermediate condition between wellness and disease. According to 2023 WHO data, infertility affects approximately 17.5% of global adults, with male factors implicated in 30–50% of cases, establishing infertility as a critical public health challenge. Substantial preclinical and clinical evidence links suboptimal lifestyles to male reproductive dysfunction, positioning these behaviors as modifiable infertility risk factors encompassing environmental contaminants and lifestyle patterns. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on five key lifestyle determinants—tobacco, alcohol, microplastics, sedentariness, and sleep disruption—affecting male genitourinary health. Adopting an evidence-based medicine framework, we integrate epidemiological and experimental research to establish foundational knowledge for developing novel preventive strategies targeting male suboptimal health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research on Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 843 KB  
Article
Supply Chain Risk Management in the Hygiene and Personal Care Products Industry
by Ciro Rodrigues dos Santos, Ualison Rébula de Oliveira and Vicente Aprigliano
Systems 2025, 13(10), 871; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13100871 - 4 Oct 2025
Viewed by 266
Abstract
The Personal Care Products (PCP) industry, encompassing cosmetics, hygiene, and personal care items, serves millions of consumers daily and operates under constant pressure for innovation, agility, and sustainability. Within this context, supply chains are viewed as complex and integrated systems, composed of interrelated [...] Read more.
The Personal Care Products (PCP) industry, encompassing cosmetics, hygiene, and personal care items, serves millions of consumers daily and operates under constant pressure for innovation, agility, and sustainability. Within this context, supply chains are viewed as complex and integrated systems, composed of interrelated elements whose interactions determine overall performance and are influenced by external factors. Disruptions—particularly those involving indirect suppliers—can propagate throughout the network, affecting operations, reputation, and business outcomes. Despite the importance of the topic, empirical studies that systematically identify and prioritize these risks in the PCP sector remain scarce, which motivated the conduct of this study. Thus, the aim of this research is to identify, analyze, and evaluate the main supply risks faced by the PCP industry, considering severity, occurrence, and detection capability. Methodologically, the research employed an exploratory multi-case design, carried out in three steps: a literature review to identify key supply chain risks; structured interviews with industry experts to analyze and evaluate these risks; and the application of Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) to aggregate expert judgments and construct a prioritized risk ranking. This combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques provided a detailed foundation for analyzing and interpreting the main risks in the Brazilian PCP sector. The results indicate that indirect supplier failure is the most critical risk, prioritized by 70% of the companies studied. Other significant risks include the inability to meet changes in demand, import issues, lack of supply chain visibility, natural and social disasters, and sustainability or reputational concerns. Consequently, this study contributes to a systemic understanding of risk management in the PCP industry supply chain, providing managers with a practical mapping of critical points and highlighting concrete opportunities to strengthen integration, anticipate disruptions, and enhance operational resilience and performance across the sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operation and Supply Chain Risk Management)
Show Figures

Figure 1

33 pages, 2784 KB  
Article
A Cooperative Game Theory Approach to Encourage Electric Energy Supply Reliability Levels and Demand-Side Flexibility
by Gintvilė Šimkonienė
Electricity 2025, 6(4), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity6040056 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 250
Abstract
Electrical energy supply services are characterised by unpredictable risks that affect both distribution network operators (DSOs) and electricity consumers. This paper presents an innovative cooperative game theory (GT) framework to enhance electric energy supply reliability and demand-side flexibility by aligning the interest of [...] Read more.
Electrical energy supply services are characterised by unpredictable risks that affect both distribution network operators (DSOs) and electricity consumers. This paper presents an innovative cooperative game theory (GT) framework to enhance electric energy supply reliability and demand-side flexibility by aligning the interest of DSOs and consumers. The research investigates the performance of the proposed GT model under different distribution network (DN) topologies and fault intensities, explicitly considering outage durations and restoration times. A cooperation mechanism based on penalty compensation is introduced to simulate realistic interactions between DSOs and consumers. Simulation results confirm that adaptive cooperation under this framework yields significant reliability improvements of up to 70% in some DN configurations. The GT-based approach supports informed investment decisions, improved stakeholder satisfaction, and reduced risk of service disruptions. Findings suggest that integrated GT planning mechanisms can lead to more resilient and consumer-centred electricity distribution systems. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 728 KB  
Review
Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) in the Elderly: Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosenescence and Clinical, Nutritional and Therapeutic Implications
by Livia Moffa and Claudio Tana
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9649; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199649 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 153
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in the elderly represent a growing clinical and public health concern, primarily driven by age-related biological remodeling. Key mechanisms include immunosenescence, inflammaging, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and profound metabolic and epigenetic alterations, all of which progressively weaken host defense and resilience [...] Read more.
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in the elderly represent a growing clinical and public health concern, primarily driven by age-related biological remodeling. Key mechanisms include immunosenescence, inflammaging, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and profound metabolic and epigenetic alterations, all of which progressively weaken host defense and resilience to pathogens. In this review, we delineate the molecular pathways underlying these processes, with particular attention to impaired innate and adaptive immune responses, dysfunctional cellular signaling, and disrupted immunometabolic networks that increase susceptibility to multidrug-resistant organisms and aggravate clinical outcomes in older patients. We also address the synergistic impact of frailty-related factors such as malnutrition, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy on infection risk. Finally, we discuss emerging translational perspectives, including nutritional interventions and microbiota-targeted strategies aimed at restoring immune competence and reducing infection burden. By integrating molecular mechanisms with clinical implications, this review highlights innovative opportunities for personalized prevention and management of HAIs in the aging population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 716 KB  
Review
The Interplay Between β-Thalassemia and the Human Virome: Immune Dysregulation, Viral Reactivation, and Clinical Implications
by Didar Hossain and Mohammad Jakir Hosen
Thalass. Rep. 2025, 15(4), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/thalassrep15040010 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 169
Abstract
β-thalassemia is a chronic genetic blood disorder characterized by defective β-globin synthesis, requiring frequent transfusions and resulting in iron overload, immune dysfunction, and increased susceptibility to infections. In these immunocompromised patients, altered immune responses lead to significant changes in the human virome, promoting [...] Read more.
β-thalassemia is a chronic genetic blood disorder characterized by defective β-globin synthesis, requiring frequent transfusions and resulting in iron overload, immune dysfunction, and increased susceptibility to infections. In these immunocompromised patients, altered immune responses lead to significant changes in the human virome, promoting viral persistence, reactivation, and expansion of pathogenic viral communities. This review explores the intricate relationship between β-thalassemia and the human virome, focusing on how clinical interventions and immune abnormalities reshape viral dynamics, persistence, and pathogenicity. Patients with β-thalassemia exhibit profound innate and adaptive immune dysregulation, including neutrophil dysfunction, T cell senescence, impaired B cell and NK cell activity, and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These alterations create an immunological niche that favors viral reactivation and virome expansion. Iron overload enhances viral replication, while chronic transfusions introduce transfusion-transmitted viruses. Splenectomy and allo-HSCT further compromise viral surveillance. Additionally, disruptions in the gut virome, particularly bacteriophage-driven dysbiosis, may exacerbate inflammation and impair host–virus homeostasis. The human virome is not a passive bystander but a dynamic player in the pathophysiology of β-thalassemia. Understanding virome–immune interactions may offer novel insights for infection monitoring, risk stratification, and precision therapies in thalassemic patients. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 6869 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Cyberattack Detection Models in Power Grids: Automated Generation of Attack Processes
by Davide Cerotti, Daniele Codetta Raiteri, Giovanna Dondossola, Lavinia Egidi, Giuliana Franceschinis, Luigi Portinale, Davide Savarro and Roberta Terruggia
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10677; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910677 - 2 Oct 2025
Viewed by 203
Abstract
The recent growing adversarial activity against critical systems, such as the power grid, has raised attention on the necessity of appropriate measures to manage the related risks. In this setting, our research focuses on developing tools for early detection of adversarial activities, taking [...] Read more.
The recent growing adversarial activity against critical systems, such as the power grid, has raised attention on the necessity of appropriate measures to manage the related risks. In this setting, our research focuses on developing tools for early detection of adversarial activities, taking into account the specificities of the energy sector. We developed a framework to design and deploy AI-based detection models, and since one cannot risk disrupting regular operation with on-site tests, we also included a testbed for evaluation and fine-tuning. In the test environment, adversarial activity that produces realistic artifacts can be injected and monitored, and evidence analyzed by the detection models. In this paper we concentrate on the emulation of attacks inside our framework: A tool called SecuriDN is used to define, through a graphical interface, the network in terms of devices, applications, and protection mechanisms. Using this information, SecuriDN produces sequences of attack steps (based on the MITRE ATT&CK project) that are interpreted and executed by software called Netsploit. A case study related to Distributed Energy Resources is presented in order to show the process stages, highlight the possibilities given by our framework, and discuss possible limitations and future improvements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Smart Grid Technologies, Applications and Challenges)
Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 2752 KB  
Article
AI-Driven Outage Management with Exploratory Data Analysis, Predictive Modeling, and LLM-Based Interface Integration
by Kian Ansarinejad, Ying Huang and Nita Yodo
Energies 2025, 18(19), 5244; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18195244 - 2 Oct 2025
Viewed by 263
Abstract
Power outages pose considerable risks to the reliability of electric grids, affecting both consumers and utilities through service disruptions and potential economic losses. This study analyzes a historical outage dataset from a Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) to reveal key patterns and trends that [...] Read more.
Power outages pose considerable risks to the reliability of electric grids, affecting both consumers and utilities through service disruptions and potential economic losses. This study analyzes a historical outage dataset from a Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) to reveal key patterns and trends that suggest outage management strategies. By integrating exploratory data analysis, predictive modeling, and a Large Language Model (LLM)-based interface integration, as well as data visualization techniques, we identify and present critical drivers of outage duration and frequency. A random forest regressor trained on features including planned duration, facility name, outage owner, priority, season, and equipment type proved highly effective for predicting outage duration with high accuracy. This predictive framework underscores the practical value of incorporating planning information and seasonal context in anticipating outage timelines. The findings of this study not only deepen the understanding of temporal and spatial outage dynamics but also provide valuable insights for utility companies and researchers. Utility companies can use these results to better predict outage durations, allocate resources more effectively, and improve service restoration time. Researchers can leverage this analysis to enhance future models and methodologies for studying outage patterns, ensuring that artificial intelligence (AI)-driven methods can contribute to improving management strategies. The broader impact of this study is to ensure that the insights gained can be applied to strengthen the reliability and resilience of power grids or energy systems in general. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Energy Sector)
Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1102 KB  
Article
Self-Motion Misperception Induced by Neck Muscle Fatigue
by Fabio Massimo Botti, Marco Guardabassi, Chiara Occhigrossi, Mario Faralli, Aldo Ferraresi, Francesco Draicchio and Vito Enrico Pettorossi
Audiol. Res. 2025, 15(5), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres15050128 - 2 Oct 2025
Viewed by 121
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Previous research has demonstrated that the perception of self-motion, as signaled by cervical proprioception, is significantly altered during neck muscle fatigue, while no similar effects are observed when self-motion is signaled by the vestibular system. Given that in typical natural movements, both [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Previous research has demonstrated that the perception of self-motion, as signaled by cervical proprioception, is significantly altered during neck muscle fatigue, while no similar effects are observed when self-motion is signaled by the vestibular system. Given that in typical natural movements, both proprioceptive and vestibular signals are activated simultaneously, this study sought to investigate whether the misperception of motion persists during neck muscle fatigue when both proprioceptive and vestibular stimulation are present. Methods: The study evaluated the gain of the perceptual responses to symmetric yaw sinusoidal head rotations on a stationary trunk during visual target localization tasks across different rotational frequencies. In addition, the final localization error of the visual target was assessed following asymmetric sinusoidal head rotations with differing half-cycle velocities. Results: The findings indicated that even with combined proprioceptive and vestibular stimulation, self-motion perceptual responses under neck muscle fatigue showed a pronounced reduction in the gain at low-frequency stimuli and a notable increase in localization error following asymmetric rotations. Notably, spatial localization error was observed to persist after asymmetric stimulation conditioning in the light. Additionally, even moderate levels of muscle fatigue were found to result in increased self-motion misperception. Conclusions: This study suggests that neck muscle fatigue can disrupt spatial orientation, even when the vestibular system is activated, so that slow movements are inaccurately perceived. This highlights the potential risks associated with neck muscle fatigue in daily activities that demand precise spatial perception. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Balance)
Show Figures

Figure 1

34 pages, 3419 KB  
Review
Emerging Strategies for the Photoassisted Removal of PFAS from Water: From Fundamentals to Applications
by Lázaro Adrián González Fernández, Nahum Andrés Medellín Castillo, Manuel Sánchez Polo, Javier E. Vilasó-Cadre, Iván A. Reyes-Domínguez and Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
Catalysts 2025, 15(10), 946; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15100946 - 2 Oct 2025
Viewed by 519
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of synthetic fluorinated compounds widely used in industrial and consumer products due to their exceptional thermal stability and hydrophobicity. However, these same properties contribute to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential adverse health effects, [...] Read more.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of synthetic fluorinated compounds widely used in industrial and consumer products due to their exceptional thermal stability and hydrophobicity. However, these same properties contribute to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential adverse health effects, including hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and increased cancer risk. Traditional water treatment technologies, such as coagulation, sedimentation, biological degradation, and even advanced membrane processes, have demonstrated limited efficacy in removing PFAS, as they primarily separate or concentrate these compounds rather than degrade them. In response to these limitations, photoassisted processes have emerged as promising alternatives capable of degrading PFAS into less harmful products. These strategies include direct photolysis using UV or VUV irradiation, heterogeneous photocatalysis with materials such as TiO2 and novel semiconductors, light-activated persulfate oxidation generating sulfate radicals, and photo-Fenton reactions producing highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. Such approaches leverage the generation of reactive species under irradiation to cleave the strong carbon–fluorine bonds characteristic of PFAS. This review provides a comprehensive overview of emerging photoassisted technologies for PFAS removal from water, detailing their fundamental principles, degradation pathways, recent advancements in material development, and integration with hybrid treatment processes. Moreover, it discusses current challenges related to energy efficiency, catalyst deactivation, incomplete mineralization, and scalability, outlining future perspectives for their practical application in sustainable water treatment systems to mitigate PFAS pollution effectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Catalysis)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop