Search Results (1,159)

With the increasing demand to scale the chip industry, attention is turning to the vital role that phosphanes and silanes play in semiconductor manufacturing processes such as chemical vapor deposition, plasma etching, and impurity doping. High-performance semiconductors often require a supply of ultra-pure gaseous phosphine (≥99.999%) to ensure the formation of defect-free thin-film structures with high integrity and strong functionality. In recent years, research on high-purity PH₃ synthesis methods has mainly focused on two pathways: the acidic route with fewer side reactions, high by-product economics, and higher exergy of high-purity PH₃, and the alkaline alternative with greater potential for practical application through lower reaction temperatures and a simpler reaction process. This paper presents the first comparative study and analysis on the preparation of ultra-high-purity PH₃ and its process energy consumption. Using Aspen and its related software, the energy consumption and cost issues are discussed, and the process heat exchange network is established and optimised. By combining Aspen Plus V14 with MATLAB 2023, an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model is established, and the parameters of the distillation section equipment are optimised through the NSGA-II model to solve problems such as low product yield and large equipment exergy loss. After optimisation, it can be found that in terms of energy consumption and cost indicators, the acidic process has greater advantages in large-scale production of high-purity PH₃. The total energy consumption of the acidic process is 1.6 × 10⁸ kJ/h, which is only one-third that of the alkaline process, while the cost of the heat exchange equipment is approximately three-quarters that of the alkaline process. Through dual-objective optimisation, the exergy loss of the acidic distillation part can be reduced by 1714.1 kW, and the economic cost can be reduced by USD 3673. Therefore, from the perspective of energy usage and equipment manufacturing, the comprehensive analysis of the acidic process has more advantages than that of the alkaline process. Full article

Gepirone, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 1A (5-HT_1A) receptor agonist, offers a promising strategy for treating mood and anxiety disorders. The therapeutic importance of 5-HT_1A modulation is well established, as these receptors regulate serotonergic neurotransmission both presynaptically, in the somatodendritic regions of raphe neurons, and postsynaptically, in structures including the hippocampus, neocortex, septum, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Gepirone exhibits a distinctive pharmacological profile, acting as a full agonist at presynaptic autoreceptors and a partial agonist at postsynaptic receptors, with high affinity for 5-HT_1A and much lower affinity for 5-HT_2A receptors. Its effects on serotonergic signaling are time-dependent. Acute administration suppresses serotonergic firing through autoreceptor activation, while chronic treatment induces autoreceptor desensitization, leading to enhanced 5-HT release in projection areas. This process is complemented by partial agonism at postsynaptic 5-HT_1A receptors, which further supports long-term neuromodulation. This article provides an integrated overview of gepirone’s mechanism of action, bridging receptor pharmacology, neurophysiological adaptations, and therapeutic implications. Particular emphasis is placed on the compound’s unique dual role in regulating serotonergic tone over time, a feature that differentiates it from other 5-HT_1A-targeting agents. By linking molecular mechanisms to clinical outcomes, we highlight gepirone’s potential advantages in efficacy, safety, and tolerability compared with conventional antidepressants. This comprehensive perspective underscores gepirone as a paradigmatic example of selective 5-HT_1A modulation and offers novel insights into the development of targeted treatments for depression and anxiety. Full article

Against the backdrop of the global integration of green transformation and the digital economy, how manufacturing enterprises leverage digitalisation to drive green innovation has become a focal point for both academic and industrial sectors. Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT), this study constructs a moderated mediation model to explore the internal mechanism through which digital transformation influences green innovation via green dynamic capabilities and examines the boundary role of environmental munificence. Questionnaire data, collected in two stages from 312 Chinese manufacturing enterprises using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 24.0, was analysed, and the empirical results indicate that digital transformation not only directly promotes green innovation but also exerts an indirect influence through the three dimensions of green dynamic capabilities: insights into the capability of green opportunities, green resource integration, and green resource reconstruction. Furthermore, environmental munificence significantly and positively moderates the relationship between green dynamic capabilities and green innovation, suggesting that this relationship is strengthened in resource- and opportunity-rich environments. Path analysis of the three green dynamic capability dimensions reveals that back-end capabilities (resource integration and reconfiguration) have a more pronounced impact on green innovation than front-end capabilities (opportunity insights). From the dual perspectives of capability building and contextual fit, this study elucidates the mechanism and boundary conditions of digital transformation driving green innovation, enriches green innovation theory, and offers practical insights into the digital-green transformation of manufacturing enterprises. Full article

Optimizing the neuromechanical determinants of explosive performance remains a key objective in sports science. This study compared the effects of an eight-week movement-pattern-based training program (MPT) with an isometric strength training protocol (ITG) on countermovement jump (CMJ) mechanics in competitive track and field athletes. Thirty-four athletes (19 men, 15 women) with ≥7 years of training experience were randomly allocated to the MPT or ITG. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted using dual force plates to evaluate jump height, musculotendinous stiffness, concentric and eccentric impulses, contraction time, eccentric-to-concentric force ratio, and rate of force development (RFD). The MPT elicited significant gains in stiffness (Δ = +840.94 ± 1302.21 N/m; p = 0.002), maintained concentric peak force, and reduced contraction time (Δ = –64.53 ± 190.32 ms; p = 0.01), suggesting improved elastic efficiency and neuromuscular timing. Conversely, ITG was associated with reductions in concentric peak force (Δ = –66.18 ± 77.45 N; p = 0.003) and stiffness (Δ = –691.94 ± 1414.41 N/m) and an increase in the eccentric-to-concentric force ratio (Δ = +1.99%; p = 0.006). The RFD changes were inconsistent across both groups. These findings indicate that dynamic multi-joint training confers superior neuromechanical adaptations compared to isolated isometric loading. From a performance perspective, programming strategies should prioritize movement-specific dynamic tasks to enhance the explosive qualities critical for sprinting, jumping, and multidirectional field sports. Full article

Amid ongoing educational reforms and the rapid advancement of the knowledge economy, innovative teaching behaviors are not only closely related to teachers’ professional growth and students’ academic achievement but are also regarded as the key driving force for the evolution of the educational system. Consequently, identifying effective ways to foster teachers’ innovative teaching behaviors has become a central concern in educational psychology and management. Grounded in the Job Demands–Resources framework, this study developed and tested a chained mediation model using survey data from 1163 Chinese elementary and secondary school teachers. The model examines how teachers’ emotional competence fosters innovative teaching behaviors and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that (1) emotional competence significantly and positively predicted innovative teaching behaviors, and (2) teaching efficacy and work vitality served not only as independent mediators but also as sequential mediators in this relationship. These findings extend the understanding of the antecedents of teachers’ innovative behaviors from an emotional perspective, demonstrating that emotional competence, as a critical psychological resource, can be transformed into innovative teaching behaviors through dual “cognitive–motivational” and “energy–motivational” pathways. This study offers both theoretical insights and practical implications for advancing teaching innovation by strengthening teachers’ emotional competence, teaching efficacy, and work vitality. Full article

This paper provides a theoretical investigation of the OR-product (∨-product) in soft set theory, an operation of central importance for handling uncertainty in decision-making. A comprehensive algebraic analysis is carried out with respect to various types of subsets and equalities, with particular emphasis on M-subset and M-equality, which represent the strictest forms of subsethood and equality. This framework reveals intrinsic algebraic symmetries, particularly in commutativity, associativity, and idempotency, which enrich the structural understanding of soft set theory. In addition, certain missing results on OR-products in the literature are completed, and our findings are systematically compared with existing ones, ensuring a more rigorous theoretical framework. A central contribution of this study is the demonstration that the collection of all soft sets over a universe, equipped with a restricted/extended intersection and the OR-product, forms a commutative hemiring with identity under soft L-equality. This structural result situates the OR-product within one of the most fundamental algebraic frameworks, connecting soft set theory with broader areas of algebra. To illustrate its practical relevance, the int-uni decision-making method on the OR-product is applied to a pilot recruitment case, showing how theoretical insights can support fair and transparent multi-criteria decision-making under uncertainty. From an applied perspective, these findings embody a form of symmetry in decision-making, ensuring fairness and balanced evaluation among multiple decision-makers. By bridging abstract algebraic development with concrete decision-making applications, the results affirm the dual significance of the OR-product—strengthening the theoretical framework of soft set theory while also providing a viable methodology for applied decision-making contexts. Full article

Relation extraction in the equipment domain often exhibits asymmetric patterns, where entities participate in multiple overlapping relations that break the expected structural symmetry of semantic associations. Such asymmetry increases task complexity and reduces extraction accuracy in conventional approaches. To address this issue, we propose a symmetry- and asymmetry-aware dual-path retrieval and in-context learning-based large language model. Specifically, the BGE-M3 embedding model is fine-tuned for domain-specific adaptation, and a multi-level retrieval database is constructed to capture both global semantic symmetry at the sentence level and local asymmetric interactions at the relation level. A dual-path retrieval strategy, combined with Reciprocal Rank Fusion, integrates these complementary perspectives, while task-specific prompt templates further enhance extraction accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that our method not only mitigates the challenges posed by overlapping and asymmetric relations but also leverages the latent symmetry of semantic structures to improve performance. Experimental results show that our approach effectively mitigates challenges from overlapping and asymmetric relations while exploiting latent semantic symmetry, achieving an F1-score of 88.53%, a 1.86% improvement over the strongest baseline (GPT-RE). Full article

Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (A. macrocephala), a medicinal plant extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine, is greatly susceptible to root rot under continuous monoculture, leading to serious yield and quality losses. To develop a sustainable control strategy, we isolated the endophytic bacterium Bacillus velezensis (B. velezensis) Amzn015 from healthy A. macrocephala plants and assessed its biocontrol efficacy and underlying mechanisms. In vitro assays showed that Amzn015 significantly inhibited Fusarium oxysporum and other phytopathogenic fungi by disrupting hyphal morphology and reducing spore viability. Pot experiments confirmed its effectiveness in reducing disease incidence and promoting plant growth. Mechanistically, Amzn015 induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and upregulated key defense responsive genes involved in salicylic acid, jasmonic acid/ethylene, and phenylpropanoid signaling pathways. The findings imply that Amzn015 synchronously activates systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance in A. macrocephala. This dual activation contributes to enhanced immunity and plant vigor under pathogen challenge. Our findings offer fresh perspectives on the biocontrol potential of endophytic B. velezensis Amzn015 and support its application as an eco-friendly agent for managing root rot in medicinal crops. Full article

With the rapid development of urbanization and tourism in China, increasing attention has been paid to the protection and utilization of historical and cultural heritage, while tourists’ demands for travel experiences have gradually shifted towards in-depth cultural perception. This paper selects Beijing Fayuan Temple Historic and Cultural District as the research case, and adopts methods such as the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic model, collection and analysis of online text data, and field research to explore the current situation of pedestrian space in Fayuan Temple District and its optimization strategies from the perspective of tourists’ perception. The study found that the dimensions of tourists’ perception of the pedestrian space in Fayuan Temple District mainly include six aspects: historical buildings and relics, tour modes and transportation, natural landscapes and environment, historical figures and culture, residents’ life and activities, and tourists’ experiences and visits. By integrating online text data, questionnaire surveys, and on-site behavioral observations, the study constructed a “physical environment-cultural experience-behavioral network” three-dimensional IPA (Importance–Possession Analysis) evaluation model, and analyzed and evaluated the high-frequency perception elements in tourists’ spontaneous evaluations. Based on the current situation evaluation of the pedestrian space in Fayuan Temple District, this paper puts forward optimization strategies for the perception of pedestrian space from the aspects of block space, transportation usage, landscape ecology, digital technology, and cultural symbol translation. It aims to promote the high-quality development of historical blocks by improving and optimizing the pedestrian space, and achieve the dual goals of cultural inheritance and utilization of tourism resources. Full article

The rise of common institutional ownership has a profound impact on corporate environmental policies, and the business environment in which the enterprises operate can significantly affect the decisions of institutional investors. This study evaluates the effect of common institutional ownership on corporate environmental responsibility disclosure (CERD) practices in Chinese manufacturing firms from the performance feedback perspective. Utilizing a sample period spanning from 2008 to 2021, the study indicates several key findings. Firstly, the presence of common institutional ownership is demonstrated to enhance the level of CERD in these firms, especially soft information on environmental responsibility. Secondly, this positive effect is amplified when positive performance expectation gaps exist. Mechanism tests reveal that under the dual pressures of common institutional investor exit threats and a negative expected performance gap, firms tend to lower their level of CERD. Conversely, synergistic effects effectively promote this disclosure. Furthermore, analysis of the impact pathway demonstrates that under such conditions, common institutional ownership exerts pressure to reduce both monetary and non-monetary private benefits accruing to management, thereby leading to optimized CERD. In addition, heterogeneity analysis indicates a more significant effect of common institutional ownership on CERD enhancement in private enterprises compared to their state-owned counterparts, particularly when positive performance expectation gaps are present. Full article

Three-dimensional object detection based on the fusion of millimeter-wave radar and cameras is increasingly gaining attention due to characteristics of low cost, high accuracy, and strong robustness. Recently, the bird’s eye view (BEV) fusion paradigm has dominated radar–camera fusion-based 3D object detection methods. In the BEV fusion paradigm, the detection accuracy is jointly determined by the precision of both image BEV features and radar BEV features. The precision of image BEV features is significantly influenced by depth estimation accuracy, whereas estimating depth from a monocular image is naturally a challenging, ill-posed problem. In this article, we propose a novel approach to enhance depth estimation accuracy by fusing camera perspective view (PV) features and radar perspective view features, thereby improving the precision of image BEV features. The refined image BEV features are then fused with radar BEV features to achieve more accurate 3D object detection results. To realize PV fusion, we designed a radar image generation module based on radar cross-section (RCS) and depth information, accurately projecting radar data into the camera view to generate radar images. The radar images are used to extract radar PV features. We present a cross-modal feature fusion module using the attention mechanism to dynamically fuse radar PV features with camera PV features. Comprehensive evaluations on the nuScenes 3D object detection dataset demonstrate that the proposed dual-view fusion paradigm outperforms the BEV fusion paradigm, achieving state-of-the-art performance with 64.2 NDS and 56.3 mAP. Full article

The lung is increasingly recognized as an organ with dual endocrine and respiratory roles, participating in a complex bidirectional crosstalk with systemic hormones and local/paracrine activity. Endocrine and paracrine pathways regulate lung development, ventilation, immunity, and repair, while pulmonary cells express hormone receptors and secrete mediators with both local and systemic effects, defining the concept of the “endocrine lung”. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the endocrine–pulmonary axis. Thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, sex steroids, and metabolic hormones (e.g., insulin, leptin, adiponectin) critically influence alveologenesis, surfactant production, ventilatory drive, airway mechanics, and immune responses. Conversely, the lung produces mediators such as serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, endothelin-1, leptin, and keratinocyte growth factor, which regulate vascular tone, alveolar homeostasis, and immune modulation. We also describe the respiratory manifestations of major endocrine diseases, including obstructive sleep apnea and lung volume alterations in acromegaly, immunosuppression and myopathy in Cushing’s syndrome, hypoventilation in hypothyroidism, restrictive “diabetic lung”, and obesity-related phenotypes. In parallel, chronic pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, and sleep apnea profoundly affect endocrine axes, promoting insulin resistance, hypogonadism, GH/IGF-1 suppression, and bone metabolism alterations. Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors further highlight the interface, frequently presenting with paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes. Finally, therapeutic interactions are discussed, including the risks of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression with inhaled corticosteroids, immunotherapy-induced endocrinopathies, and inhaled insulin. Future perspectives emphasize mapping pulmonary hormone networks, endocrine phenotyping of chronic respiratory diseases, and developing hormone-based interventions. Full article

This study examines the effect of financial mismatch on corporate ESG performance in the context of China’s developmental strategy and its dual-carbon goals. Using panel data for Chinese A-share firms spanning 2009–2023 and employing fixed-effects regression models, we find that financial mismatch significantly weakens ESG performance. Further analysis reveals that this negative effect mainly operates through three channels: increased financing constraints, weakened internal control quality, and reduced innovation capability. The results remain robust across a series of alternative specifications and sensitivity tests. This study contributes to the literature by identifying financial mismatch as a key determinant of ESG outcomes and by clarifying the mechanisms through which it exerts influence. From a practical perspective, the findings suggest that alleviating financial mismatch by fostering patient capital, improving internal governance structures, and supporting firms’ green and sustainable investments is essential for enhancing corporate ESG performance and achieving China’s dual-carbon targets. Full article

Despite advances in immunotherapy, the treatment of breast cancer still remains a major global problem. In a previous study, we showed that co-blockade of Interleukin-33/ST2 and Programmed death-1/Programmed death-ligand (PD-1/PD-L) signaling pathways strongly slows progression by enhancing the antitumor capacity of natural killer (NK) cells. The main aim of this study is to elucidate the exact effect of co-blockade on the T lymphocyte and macrophage effector cells. 4T1 cells were used to induct breast cancer in female BALB/C and BALB/C ST2^−/− mice. The mice, both BALB/C and BALB/C ST2^−/−, were treated with anti-PD-1 antibody on certain days. After the mice were sacrificed, T cells and macrophages were analyzed using flow cytometry; dual co-blockade increased significantly the percentage of M1 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, followed by an increase in expression of CD86⁺ and TNFα⁺. T cell accumulation was significantly higher in the spleen and within the tumor microenvironment, with elevation in activation markers such as Interleukin-17, CD69, NKG2D, and FasL and a decrease in Interleukin-10 and FoxP3 expression. Co-blockade of the PD-1/PD-L axes and IL-33/ST2 axes shows promising results in reestablishing an effective immune response and offers a new perspective on improving immune response to breast carcinoma. Full article

The synergy between carbon neutrality and urbanization is essential for effective climate governance and socio-ecological intelligent transition. From the perspective of coupled urban dynamic evolution and carbon metabolism systems, this study integrates the Sen-MK trend test and the geographical detector model to explore the spatial–temporal differentiation patterns and driving mechanisms of carbon balance across 337 prefecture-level cities in China from 2012 to 2022. The results reveal a spatial–temporal mismatch between carbon emissions and carbon storage, forming an asymmetric carbon metabolism pattern characterized by “expansion-dominated and shrinkage-dissipative” dynamics. Carbon compensation rates exhibit a west–high to east–low gradient distribution, with hotspots of expansionary cities clustered in the southwest, while shrinking cities display a dispersed pattern from the northwest to the northeast. Based on the four-quadrant carbon balance classification, expansionary cities are mainly located in the “high economic–low ecological” quadrant, whereas shrinking cities concentrate in the “low economic–high ecological” quadrant. Industrial structure and population scale serve as the dual-core drivers of carbon compensation. Expansionary cities are positively regulated by urbanization rates, while shrinking cities are negatively constrained by energy intensity. These findings suggest that differentiated regulation strategies can help optimize carbon governance within national territorial space. Full article