This paper addresses the biomechanical requirements and design of a neck dummy for assessing neck injury risks. The need for an accurate biomechanical representation of the human neck in crash tests is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of repli...
The article presents a model of an anthropometric dummy designed for low velocity crash tests, designed in ADAMS. The model consists of rigid bodies connected with special joints with appropriately selected stiffness and damping. The simulation dummy...
Accurate replication of soft tissue properties is essential for the development of car crash test dummy skin to ensure the precision of biomechanical injury data. However, the intricacy of multi-layer soft tissue poses challenges in standardizing the...
During the procedure, a location-based service (LBS) query, the real location provided by the vehicle user may results in the disclosure of vehicle location privacy. Moreover, the point of interest retrieval service requires high accuracy of location...
Motorised arm supports for individuals with severe arm muscle weakness require precise compensation for arm weight and elevated passive joint impedance (e.g., joint stiffness as a result of muscle atrophy and fibrosis). Estimating these parameters in...
The article presents the design of the upper limb joints of an anthropometric dummy intended for rear crash tests for low impact speeds. These joints represent the connection of the hand to the forearm, the forearm to the arm, and the arm to the shou...
As smart devices and mobile positioning technologies improve, location-based services (LBS) have grown in popularity. The LBS environment provides considerable convenience to users, but it also poses a significant threat to their privacy. A large num...
With the rapid development of GPS-equipped smart mobile devices and mobile computing, location-based services (LBS) are increasing in popularity in the Internet of Things (IoT). Although LBS provide enormous benefits to users, they inevitably introdu...
Location-based services (LBS) require users to provide their current location for service delivery and customization. Location privacy protection addresses concerns associated with the potential mishandling of location information submitted to the LB...
The Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) model provides access control decisions based on subject, object (resource), and contextual attributes. However, the use of sensitive attributes in access control decisions poses many security and privacy cha...
In the internet of vehicles (IoVs), vehicle users should provide location information continuously when they want to acquire continuous location-based services (LBS), which may disclose the vehicle trajectory privacy. To solve the vehicle trajectory...
The aim of the study is to compare the head displacement of the KPSIT C50 dummy during a frontal collision at a speed of 20 km/h, along with the change in the angle of the car seat backrest. Passenger car manufacturers recommend setting the backrest...
We present a directly competitive fluorescence assay for highly sensitive detection of melamine in milk using magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (MDMIPs). The detection principle is based on competitive binding between the fluorescent labe...
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a crucial biomarker for the early detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), playing a significant role in cardiac health assessment. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are valued for their stability, ease of fabr...
This study investigates the low-signal behavior of electric motors in automotive applications, emphasizing impedance measurement, evaluation, and the definition of a simplified dummy load. A comprehensive experimental analysis was conducted on two in...
Kalman filter (KF)-based methods for 3D multi-object tracking (MOT) in autonomous driving often face challenges when detections are missed due to occlusions, sensor noise, or objects moving out of view. This leads to data association failures and cum...
Rear-end collisions remain a significant category of road accidents, despite widespread passive safety systems. Although modern seats are designed to reduce injury risk, the influence of accessory lumbar supports on passenger safety is still insuffic...
The distribution of disk output voltage is a key factor for the design of an insulated core transformer (ICT) high-voltage power supply. The development of an ICT involves the design and optimization of many parameters, which greatly affect the unifo...
In this study, we have analyzed the optimal bias condition of dummy WL for the sub-block gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) erase operation in 16-layer 3D NAND flash memory. Three-dimensional NAND flash memory performs an erase operation in units of p...
A deep learning approach for the efficient electromagnetic analysis of an on-chip inductor with dummy metal fillings (DMFs) is proposed. By comparing different activation functions and loss functions, a deep neural network for DMF modeling is built u...
Optical remote sensing data have been widely used for estimating forest aboveground biomass (AGB). However, the use of optical images is often restricted by the saturation of spectral reflectance for forests that have multilayered and complex canopy...
Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenol and possesses excellent in vivo bioactivity and antioxidant behaviors, which play an important role in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cancer. Additionally, EA is also known as a s...
The anthrone-based dummy molecularly imprinted membrane (DIM) was successfully synthesized using a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) approach for the selective recognition and adsorption of fluorene and phenanthrene in aqueous systems....
This work reports a rapid, simple and low-cost voltammetric sensor based on a dummy molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) that uses 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) as a template for the quantification of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and DNP, and the identificat...
This paper aims to design thermal dummy cells (TDCs) that can be used in the development of lithium-ion battery thermal management systems. Based on physical property and geometry of real 18,650 cylindrical cells, a three-dimensional model of TDCs wa...
Whereas early studies of microsaccades have predominantly relied on custom-built eye trackers and manual tagging of microsaccades, more recent work tends to use video-based eye tracking and automated algorithms for microsaccade detection. While data...
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for highly selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) of bisphenol A (BPA) was prepared using phenolphthalein (PP) as the novel dummy template by bulk polymerization. A particle diameter distribution of 40–60 &...
Bisphenol compounds (BPs) are a severe threat to humans and creatures; hence it is critical to develop a quick and simple approach for removing trace BPs from water. This research synthesized a novel template–monomer complex, phenolphthalein-(3...
The development of realistic dummies for training the distal phalanx amputation (DPA) technique in mouse pups is a promising alternative to reduce and replace animals in training for research and teaching. To test this, we obtained micro-CT data from...
The aim of this study was to compare the head displacement of the KPSIT C50 dummy, representing a 50th percentile male, with the KPSIT C5 dummy, representing a 5th percentile female, during low-speed collisions. Low-speed collisions, such as those oc...
Source anonymity in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) becomes a real concern in several applications such as tracking and monitoring. A global adversary that has sophisticated resources, high computation and full view of the network is an obvious threa...
In this work, a method that minimizes printed wiring board (PWB) warpage by dummy pattern design is proposed. This work suggests that dummy patterns are placed on a preset discretized location in the PWB to reduce the warpage. On each discretized can...
Using the relationship between strain and thickness from the materials theory, this paper presents further development of the atmospheric corrosion sensor based on strain measurement (ACSSM). Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were used to measure str...
With the increasing convenience of location-based services (LBSs), there have been growing concerns about the risk of privacy leakage. We show that existing techniques fail to defend against a statistical attack meant to infer the user’s location pri...
This study analyzed an atmospheric corrosion sensor using strain measurements (ACSSM) with an active dummy method for corrosion product experiments. An initial compensation thermal strain experiment was performed with elapsed time. Further analyses u...
The TSpVARX model can be used in inflation and money outflow forecasting by accommodating the reciprocal relationship among endogenous variables, the influence of exogenous variables, inter-regional linkages, and the nonlinearity of the relationship...
With the development of national-scale forest biomass monitoring work, accurate estimation of forest biomass on a large scale is becoming an important research topic in forestry. In this study, the stem wood, branches, stem bark, needles, roots and t...
The European fusion reactor research facility, called International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), is one of the most challenging projects that involves design and testing of hundreds of separately designed reactor elements and peripheric...
This paper investigates on a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) named Energy & Protection, 4th generation (EP4). The WEC couples the energy harvesting function with the purpose of protecting the coast from erosion. It is formed by a flap rolling with a...
Strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT) ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistors (FeFETs) with channel lengths of 85 nm were fabricated by a replacement-gate process. They had metal/ferroelectric/insulator/semiconductor stacked-gate structures of Ir/SBT...
In this study, a carbon nanotube (CNTs)—supported dummy template molecularly imprinted polymer (DMIPs) material was synthesized and utilized for the detection of amide herbicides in aquatic products via matrix solid-phase dispersion technology...
This paper aimed to study the behavior of a body (dummy) that was in a race car in the event of a frontal collision with a wall in order to see what loads were acting on the dummy. Based on a complex car model, equipped with two safety system seat be...
Location-based services (LBSs) are a crucial element of the Internet of Things (IoT) and have garnered significant attention from both researchers and users, driven by the rise of wireless devices and a growing user base. However, the use of LBS-enab...
Passenger safety remains a primary goal in vehicle engineering, requiring the development of advanced passive safety systems to reduce injuries during collisions. Impact attenuators (particularly for race cars) are a crucial component for the safety...
An essential element for driver safety is represented by the Impact Attenuator (especially for race cars). The effect of the Impact Attenuator can be seen in the behavior of a dummy, tied with a seat belt, in a frontal collision with a rigid wall. Th...
This paper describes an amplifier circuit fabricated by the active-dummy method for atmospheric corrosion monitoring based on strain measurement. The circuit was used to determine the relationship between the voltage and strain. Experiments involving...
Recently, the automotive industry has used simulation programs much more often than experimental research. Computer simulations are more and more often used due to the repeatability of simulation conditions and the possibility of making modifications...
(1) Background: Side-channel attacks (SCAs) exploit unintended information leakage to compromise cryptographic security. In cyber-physical systems (CPSs), embedded systems are inherently constrained by limited resources, restricting the implementatio...
To improve the limited degree of immersion of static binaural rendering for headphones, an increased measurement effort to obtain multiple-orientation binaural room impulse responses (MOBRIRs) is reasonable and enables dynamic variable-orientation re...
The transverse leakage of leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAWs) occurs on 42°YX-lithium tantalate substrates (42LT), which increases the insertion loss, narrows the bandwidth and flattens the roll-off of band 40/41 SAW filters and duplexers. In th...
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