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12 pages, 645 KB  
Article
Solubility Modeling of Sabah Green Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) Bean Oil Extracted Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
by Sarah Aisyah Khurun Hizar, Hasmadi Mamat, Wolyna Pindi, Norliza Julmohammad, Siti Faridah Mohd Amin, Mohd Azrie Awang, Jumardi Roslan, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini, Nicky Rahmana Putra, Abdul Aziz Jaziri, Norzalizan Ishak and Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz
Sci 2025, 7(4), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/sci7040139 - 2 Oct 2025
Viewed by 171
Abstract
This study investigates the solubility correlation of oil extracted from Sabah green Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) beans through supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction. Sabah, recognized as the largest coffee-producing region in Malaysia, serves as a significant source of Robusta [...] Read more.
This study investigates the solubility correlation of oil extracted from Sabah green Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) beans through supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction. Sabah, recognized as the largest coffee-producing region in Malaysia, serves as a significant source of Robusta beans for this research. The solubility of coffee bean oil was evaluated under varying pressures (10–30 MPa) and temperatures (40–80 °C). The maximum solubility, 2.681 mg/g CO2, was recorded at 30 MPa and 40 °C, whereas the lowest solubility, approximately 0.440 mg/g CO2, occurred at 20 MPa and 80 °C. A clear inverse relationship between solubility and temperature was observed, with solubility decreasing as temperature increased to 80 °C. Conversely, elevated pressure, particularly at 30 MPa, enhanced solubility due to the increased density and solvent power of SC-CO2. Experimental data exhibited strong agreement with Chrastil’s equation, yielding a relatively low percentage error of 3.37%, compared with 14.57% for the del Valle-Aguilera model. These findings demonstrate the reliability of Chrastil’s model in predicting the solubility of Sabah green coffee bean oil in SC-CO2. Overall, the research highlights the potential of SC-CO2 extraction as a sustainable, solvent-free approach for obtaining high-quality coffee oil extracts, with promising applications in the food industry and possible extension to the recovery of other bioactive compounds in food processing. Full article
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13 pages, 873 KB  
Article
Regulation of Monocyte Perilipin-2 Expression in Acute and Chronic Coronary Syndromes: Pathogenetic Implications
by Francesco Canonico, Renzo Laborante, Chiara Pidone, Ramona Vinci, Mattia Galli, Eugenia Pisano, Alice Bonanni, Marianna Di Sario, Anna Severino, Lucia Lisi, Daniela Pedicino, Giovanna Liuzzo, Massimiliano Ruscica, Filippo Crea, Giuseppe Patti and Domenico D’Amario
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9550; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199550 - 30 Sep 2025
Viewed by 232
Abstract
PLIN2 is involved in the lipid metabolism of macrophages resident in atherosclerotic plaques, and its upregulation leads to lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation. LDs enlargement results in the macrophage transformation into foam cells, a key step for the onset of atherosclerosis. In the present [...] Read more.
PLIN2 is involved in the lipid metabolism of macrophages resident in atherosclerotic plaques, and its upregulation leads to lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation. LDs enlargement results in the macrophage transformation into foam cells, a key step for the onset of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the role of PLIN2 and its regulation mechanisms in atherosclerosis and plaque instability in patients with a diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). We enrolled STEMI (n = 122) and CCS patients (n = 45). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from whole blood samples. The PLIN2 protein level was analyzed in CD14+ monocytes by flow cytometry. Lipidomic panel and proteasome activity were evaluated. PLIN2 protein expression was significantly correlated with the age of CAD patients. We found no significant difference in monocyte lipid content between the two patient groups. The PLIN2 increased in STEMI as compared to CCS patients (p < 0.001). The proteasome activity being higher in STEMI as compared to CCS patients (p < 0.001), significant inverse correlations were evident between PLIN2 levels and proteasome activity in the CCS groups (p = 0.02). PLIN2 expression was higher in STEMI as compared to CCS patients, suggesting an involvement in plaque instability. Despite the proteasome activity being higher in STEMI patients, probably due to the elevated inflammatory burden, PLIN2 could escape proteasome degradation in a more efficient manner in STEMI as compared to CCS patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Pathophysiology and Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease)
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13 pages, 595 KB  
Article
Health-Related Quality of Life and Anxiety Levels in Pregnant Women with and Without Associated Pathologies
by Brenda-Cristiana Bernad, Mirela-Cleopatra Tomescu, Dana Emilia Velimirovici, Minodora Andor, Diana Lungeanu, Virgil Enătescu, Andreea Luciana Rață, Sergiu-Florin Arnăutu, Andreea Sălcudean, Oana Neda-Stepan and Lavinia Hogea
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(19), 6815; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14196815 - 26 Sep 2025
Viewed by 208
Abstract
Background: Since quality of life encompasses social, psychological, and physical well-being, it is a crucial component of overall health and well-being. The quality of life has a significant impact on both the mother and the unborn child throughout the perinatal period. Both parties [...] Read more.
Background: Since quality of life encompasses social, psychological, and physical well-being, it is a crucial component of overall health and well-being. The quality of life has a significant impact on both the mother and the unborn child throughout the perinatal period. Both parties suffer when a threat, such as an illness, materialises because it lowers the quality of life. Using the SCL-90-R and SF-36, the current study aims to investigate variations in anxiety levels and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between pregnant women with and without relevant medical conditions. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study between April 2023 and December 2024. Eligibility criteria were: (a) pregnant women; (b) at least 18 years old; (c) of Romanian nationality residing in Romania; and (d) who signed informed consent and agreed to participate. A Personal Information Form (PIF), the SF-36 Health Survey, and the SCL-90-R questionnaire were used to collect data. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS v26, using non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney U, Spearman correlations). Results: Ninety-five of the 212 patients in the study reported having related medical conditions. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the physical or mental components of the SF-36. Nonetheless, the pathological group’s anxiety scores were noticeably higher. Particularly in the pathological group, Spearman correlation revealed an inverse relationship between anxiety and SF-36 physical component scores. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of integrating psychological screening into prenatal care, particularly for women with medical comorbidities. Early identification and management of elevated anxiety may help preserve maternal HRQoL and contribute to better perinatal outcomes. Full article
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13 pages, 1061 KB  
Article
Selenoprotein S and the Causal Risk of Hypertension in Pregnancy: A Mendelian Randomization Study
by Mengqi Cai, Wenrui Lv, Yan He, Weili Liu and Yuzhen Gao
Healthcare 2025, 13(18), 2383; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13182383 - 22 Sep 2025
Viewed by 392
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) affects approximately 10% of pregnancies worldwide, representing a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The relationship between plasma selenium levels and PIH remains controversial, with observational studies limited by confounding factors. Selenoprotein S (SELENOS) has emerged [...] Read more.
Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) affects approximately 10% of pregnancies worldwide, representing a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The relationship between plasma selenium levels and PIH remains controversial, with observational studies limited by confounding factors. Selenoprotein S (SELENOS) has emerged as a potential biomarker for PIH risk. As one of the carrier proteins for dietary selenium, SELENOS plays a crucial role in oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. However, the causal relationship between the plasma levels of the SELENOS and PIH development remains unclear. This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal link between the plasma levels of the SELENOS and PIH risk, providing evidence for preventive strategies. Methods: We conducted a two-sample MR analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the INTERVAL study and FinnGen consortium. The analysis included individuals of European ancestry, utilizing the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary approach. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were performed to address potential pleiotropy and strengthen causal inference. Results: The analysis encompassed 3301 samples for the plasma levels of the SELENOS and 7686 PIH cases, 1109 pre-existing hypertension (PEH) cases, 4255 gestational hypertension (GH) cases, and 83 preeclampsia (PE) cases superimposed on chronic hypertension, alongside approximately 115,000 controls. Genetic variabilities that have been found to be accompanied by elevated levels of plasma selenioprotein levels showed significant associations with increased risk of PIH [odds ratio (OR) 1.078, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.031–1.126, p = 0.001], PEH (OR 1.232, 95% CI 1.105–1.373, p < 0.001), and GH (OR 1.111, 95% CI 1.047–1.180, p = 0.001), with suggestive associations for preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension (OR 1.590, 95% CI 1.078–2.344, p = 0.019). Conclusions: This study provides robust genetic evidence for a causal relationship between the plasma levels of the SELENOS and PIH risk, establishing SELENOS as a potential modifiable risk factor with significant clinical implications. These findings support the development of personalized selenium management strategies during pregnancy and highlight the potential for early screening and targeted interventions to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improving Adolescent Girls’ and Women’s Health and Nutrition)
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13 pages, 3181 KB  
Article
Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR Expression on Monocytes Is a Useful Predictor in a Systemic Inflammation Response-Based Prognostic Model in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
by Gergő Szűcs, András Gézsi, Márton Szentkereszty, György Losonczy, Gábor Barna, Gabriella Gálffy, Anikó Bohács, Lilla Tamási, Veronika Müller, Edit I. Buzás and Zsolt I. Komlósi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(18), 9226; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26189226 - 21 Sep 2025
Viewed by 440
Abstract
Inflammation and immune evasion promote tumorigenesis and progression. Elevated systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) is associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Low Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression on monocytes is also associated [...] Read more.
Inflammation and immune evasion promote tumorigenesis and progression. Elevated systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) is associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Low Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression on monocytes is also associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC. We aimed to investigate the relationship between these two indicators and develop a predictive model based on them. SIRI was calculated and monocyte HLA-DR expression was measured by flow cytometry in 58 advanced (stage IIIB-IV) NSCLC patients. The log-rank test and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model were used for analysis. We confirmed that both high SIRI and low monocyte HLA-DR expression were associated with poor PFS and OS, respectively. We found a significant inverse correlation between SIRI and monocyte HLA-DR expression. In the multivariable Cox regression model, both SIRI and monocyte HLA-DR expression were identified as independent prognostic markers for PFS and OS. We also developed a nomogram for predicting PFS and OS. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the systemic inflammation response of advanced NSCLC patients, estimated by SIRI, was associated with reduced HLA-DR expression on circulating monocytes, which may influence their antigen-presenting function. Consequently, the integration of these two biomarkers into one prognostic model improves short term survival prediction in advanced NSCLC. To our knowledge, this is the first integration of SIRI and HLA-DR into a combined prognostic nomogram. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers of Tumor Progression, Prognosis and Therapy: 2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 459 KB  
Article
Elevated Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide Predicts Impaired Vascular Reactivity in Patients with Hypertension
by I-Min Su, Ji-Hung Wang, Chin-Hung Liu and Bang-Gee Hsu
Diagnostics 2025, 15(18), 2400; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15182400 - 20 Sep 2025
Viewed by 381
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-derived metabolite influenced by diet, has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction, an early sign of vascular damage, is common in hypertension. This study examined the relationship between serum TMAO levels and endothelial function, assessed [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-derived metabolite influenced by diet, has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction, an early sign of vascular damage, is common in hypertension. This study examined the relationship between serum TMAO levels and endothelial function, assessed by the vascular reactivity index (VRI), in patients with hypertension. Methods: In total, 110 patients with hypertension were enrolled. Fasting serum TMAO was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Endothelial function was evaluated via digital thermal monitoring, with VRI categorized as good (>2.0), intermediate (1.0–1.9), or poor (<1.0). Results: Of the participants, 10 (9.1%) exhibited poor vascular reactivity, 57 (51.8%) had intermediate reactivity, and 43 (39.1%) exhibited good vascular reactivity. Poor reactivity correlated with older age (p = 0.010), higher total cholesterol (p = 0.007), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.009), and higher TMAO levels (p < 0.001). In multivariate forward stepwise linear regression, the log-transformed TMAO level (log-TMAO) remained independently and inversely associated with VRI (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that elevated TMAO concentrations were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of vascular reactivity dysfunction (intermediate and poor groups combined; odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.047–1.155; p < 0.001) and, in particular, with poor vascular reactivity (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.002–2.492; p = 0.049). Conclusions: Elevated serum TMAO is independently associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Prediction)
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16 pages, 1885 KB  
Article
Enhanced Kidney Damage in Individuals with Diabetes Who Are Chronically Exposed to Cadmium and Lead: The Emergent Role for β2-Microglobulin
by Soisungwan Satarug, David A. Vesey, Donrawee Waeyeng, Tanaporn Khamphaya and Supabhorn Yimthiang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(18), 9208; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26189208 - 20 Sep 2025
Viewed by 418
Abstract
Elevated levels of circulating β2-microglobulin (β2M) are linked to an increased risk of hypertension and mortality from diabetes. The present study tests the hypothesis that the environmental pollutants, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), by increasing plasma β2M [...] Read more.
Elevated levels of circulating β2-microglobulin (β2M) are linked to an increased risk of hypertension and mortality from diabetes. The present study tests the hypothesis that the environmental pollutants, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), by increasing plasma β2M levels, promote the development of hypertension and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Herein, we analyzed data from a Thai cohort of 72 individuals with diabetes and 65 controls without diabetes who were chronically exposed to low levels of Cd and Pb. In all subjects, serum concentrations of β2M inversely correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = −0.265) and directly with age (r = 0.200), fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.210), and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.229). The prevalence odds ratio (POR) for hyperglycemia increased 7.7% for every 1-year increase in age and increased 3.9-fold, 3.1-fold, and 3.7-fold in those with serum β2M levels ≥ 5 mg/L, Cd/Pb exposure categories 2 and 3, respectively. The POR for hypertension increased 2.9-fold, 3-fold, and 4-fold by hyperglycemia (p = 0.011), Cd/Pb exposure categories 2 and 3. The POR for albuminuria increased 3.5-fold by hyperglycemia. In conclusion, kidney damage, evident from albuminuria, was particularly pronounced in participants with diabetes who had a serum β2M above 5 mg/L plus chronic exposure to low-dose Cd and Pb. For the first time, through a mediation analysis, we provide evidence that links Cd exposure to the SH2B32M pathway of blood pressure homeostasis in people with and without diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
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13 pages, 703 KB  
Article
Health Symptoms Related to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Exposure in Chiang Mai, Thailand: Associations with Biomarkers of Exposure and Oxidative Stress
by Xianfeng Cao, Sumed Yadoung, Phannika Tongchai, Anurak Wongta, Kanokwan Kulprachakarn, Peerapong Jeeno, Pichamon Yana, Udomsap Jaitham, Wenting Li, Kai Zhou, Xiao Zhang, Jianmei Gong, Natthapol Kosashunhanan and Surat Hongsibsong
Toxics 2025, 13(9), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13090796 - 18 Sep 2025
Viewed by 360
Abstract
Northern Thailand experiences seasonal surges in PM2.5 pollution, posing significant respiratory health risks. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate associations between PAHs exposure and early health biomarkers. In April 2024, 127 rural residents in Chiang Mai were recruited during a [...] Read more.
Northern Thailand experiences seasonal surges in PM2.5 pollution, posing significant respiratory health risks. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate associations between PAHs exposure and early health biomarkers. In April 2024, 127 rural residents in Chiang Mai were recruited during a high-exposure period (mean monthly PM2.5 = 41.7 μg/m3). Participants reporting eye irritation and pneumonia showed significantly higher 8-iso-PGF2α levels (p = 0.010 and 0.012, respectively). Smokers exhibited elevated CC16 levels (130.0 ± 65.3 ng/mL) compared to non-smokers (96.3 ± 39.9 ng/mL, p < 0.05). CC16 was also significantly associated with self-reported symptoms, including fatigue, poor sleep quality, and activity limitation. For example, participants who reported difficulty performing daily activities (i.e., disagreed with the statement “I can do things at home without any restrictions”) had significantly higher CC16 levels (108 ± 47 ng/mL) than those without such limitations (74 ± 35 ng/mL; p < 0.001). A weak but significant positive correlation was observed between respiratory rate and CC16 (R2 = 0.334, p = 0.001). Interestingly, serum 8-iso-PGF2α was inversely associated with diabetes (OR = 0.965; 95% CI: 0.935–0.997; p = 0.033), potentially indicating a compensatory or phenotype-specific oxidative stress response. In addition, CC16 levels were positively associated with diabetes (p = 0.022), suggesting altered epithelial responses in individuals with metabolic disease. CC16 and 8-iso-PGF2α demonstrated significant associations with respiratory symptoms and metabolic status, suggesting their potential as early indicators for environmental health surveillance in haze-affected populations. Full article
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27 pages, 9992 KB  
Article
Study on Creep Behavior of Wenzhou Remolded Coastal Silt Under One-Dimensional and Triaxial Tests
by Yi Shi, Yongwei Chen, Xiaohui Yi, Wei Qin, Zhijin Zhou, Guoxiang Peng, Kun Lou and Yuanyuan Liu
Buildings 2025, 15(18), 3378; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15183378 - 18 Sep 2025
Viewed by 331
Abstract
This study investigates the creep behavior of remolded Wenzhou (China) coastal silt through one-dimensional (1D) and triaxial creep tests. Results show that the secondary consolidation coefficient exhibits a non-monotonic response to stress levels, while it decreases with increasing overconsolidation ratios (OCRs). The e-lgt [...] Read more.
This study investigates the creep behavior of remolded Wenzhou (China) coastal silt through one-dimensional (1D) and triaxial creep tests. Results show that the secondary consolidation coefficient exhibits a non-monotonic response to stress levels, while it decreases with increasing overconsolidation ratios (OCRs). The e-lgt curves reveal four distinct creep stages, and the soil exhibits significant time-dependent behavior that diminishes with depth. Triaxial tests highlight nonlinear stress–strain characteristics, where increasing confining pressure elevates the deviatoric stress required for creep acceleration. A proposed structural parameter exhibits an inverse correlation with creep deformation, which suggests that enhanced soil cementation can improve long-term stability. This finding provides critical insights for the management of silt foundations in Wenzhou. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling of Waste in Material Science and Building Engineering)
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14 pages, 2885 KB  
Article
Entropy-Based CT Radiomics as an Imaging Marker of Hepatic Injury in COVID-19
by Alin Iulian Feiereisz, George-Călin Oprinca and Victoria Birlutiu
Diagnostics 2025, 15(18), 2364; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15182364 - 17 Sep 2025
Viewed by 302
Abstract
Background: Hepatic involvement in COVID-19 is frequently observed, yet conventional CT imaging may fail to detect subtle parenchymal alterations. This study aimed to evaluate whether CT-based radiomic texture analysis can identify liver injury associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 41 patients [...] Read more.
Background: Hepatic involvement in COVID-19 is frequently observed, yet conventional CT imaging may fail to detect subtle parenchymal alterations. This study aimed to evaluate whether CT-based radiomic texture analysis can identify liver injury associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 41 patients with RT-PCR–confirmed moderate or severe COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent non-contrast thoracoabdominal CT during the acute phase and at follow-up. Liver volume, mean hepatic attenuation, liver-to-spleen attenuation ratio, and radiomic features including first-order and GLCM entropy were extracted using 3D Slicer version 5.6.2 and SlicerRadiomic Revision: 8426cdf. Hepatic injury was defined by elevated serum transaminases. Three additional patients with available liver histopathology were included for correlation with imaging findings. Results: Patients with biochemical liver injury demonstrated significantly higher hepatic entropy values in the acute phase compared to those without injury (first-order entropy: 1.63 vs. 1.48, p = 0.019; GLCM entropy: 3.12 vs. 2.83, p = 0.013). Entropy metrics were inversely correlated with hepatic attenuation at follow-up (GLCM r = −0.385, p = 0.013; first-order r = −0.346, p = 0.027), indicating possible progression to lower-density states. Ferritin showed a moderate positive correlation with entropy (r = 0.47, p = 0.0017). Histopathological examination revealed steatosis, hepatocellular injury, inflammatory infiltration, and vascular congestion, aligning with radiomic abnormalities. Conclusions: Entropy-based CT radiomics reflect microstructural liver alterations in COVID-19, supported by both biochemical and histopathological data. This approach may enhance the detection of hepatic injury beyond conventional imaging and could be explored in systemic infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Imaging and Theranostics)
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15 pages, 339 KB  
Article
Hybrid MambaVision and Transformer-Based Architecture for 3D Lane Detection
by Raul-Mihai Cap and Călin-Adrian Popa
Sensors 2025, 25(18), 5729; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25185729 - 14 Sep 2025
Viewed by 745
Abstract
Lane detection is an essential task in the field of computer vision and autonomous driving. This involves identifying and locating road markings on the road surface. This capability not only helps drivers keep the vehicle in the correct lane, but also provides critical [...] Read more.
Lane detection is an essential task in the field of computer vision and autonomous driving. This involves identifying and locating road markings on the road surface. This capability not only helps drivers keep the vehicle in the correct lane, but also provides critical data for advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles. Traditional lane detection models work mainly on the 2D image plane and achieve remarkable results. However, these models often assume a flat-world scenario, which does not correspond to real-world conditions, where roads have elevation variations and road markings may be curved. Our approach solves this challenge by focusing on 3D lane detection without relying on the inverse perspective mapping technique. Instead, we introduce a new framework using the MambaVision-S-1K backbone, which combines Mamba-based processing with Transformer capabilities to capture both local detail and global contexts from monocular images. This hybrid approach allows accurate modeling of lane geometry in three dimensions, even in the presence of elevation variations. By replacing the traditional convolutional neural network backbone with MambaVision, our proposed model significantly improves the capability of 3D lane detection systems. Our method achieved state-of-the-art performance on the ONCE-3DLanes dataset, thus demonstrating its superiority in accurately capturing lane curvature and elevation variations. These results highlight the potential of integrating advanced backbones based on Vision Transformers in the field of autonomous driving for more robust and reliable lane detection. The code will be available online. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Sensors for Smart and Autonomous Vehicles)
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20 pages, 1579 KB  
Article
Serum TNF -α, IL-10 and IL-2 Trajectories and Outcomes in NSCLC and Melanoma Under Anti-PD-1 Therapy: Longitudinal Real-World Evidence from a Single Center
by Alina Miruna Grecea-Balaj, Olga Soritau, Ioana Brie, Maria Perde-Schrepler, Piroska Virag, Eva Fischer-Fodor, Nicolae Todor, Mihai Cenariu, Ioana Nedelea and Tudor Eliade Ciuleanu
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(9), 746; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47090746 - 11 Sep 2025
Viewed by 361
Abstract
This prospective single-center study examined associations between serum cytokines—TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-10—and outcomes in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n = 43) and melanoma (n = 15) patients treated with Nivolumab at the Oncology Institute in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Cytokines were [...] Read more.
This prospective single-center study examined associations between serum cytokines—TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-10—and outcomes in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n = 43) and melanoma (n = 15) patients treated with Nivolumab at the Oncology Institute in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Cytokines were measured at baseline (NSCLC: n = 43; melanoma: n = 15), 3 months (NSCLC: n = 20; melanoma: n = 7), and 6 months (NSCLC: n = 10; melanoma: n = 5). Melanoma patients showed sustained IL-2 and TNF-α increases, while NSCLC patients displayed heterogeneous cytokine dynamics. In NSCLC, elevated IL-10 at 3 months correlated with shorter survival (ρ = −0.51, 95% CI −0.78 to −0.12, p = 0.022) and poorer response (ρ = −0.65, 95% CI −0.86 to −0.23, p = 0.002). TNF-α showed a borderline association with response (ρ = −0.44, 95% CI −0.74 to 0.01, p = 0.050). In melanoma, 3-month TNF-α was inversely associated with survival (ρ = −0.82, 95% CI −0.97 to −0.15, p = 0.023) and response (ρ = −0.90, 95% CI −0.99 to −0.39, p = 0.006). Strong inter-cytokine correlations were observed (NSCLC: TNF-α vs. IL-10, ρ = 0.60, 95% CI 0.19–0.82; melanoma: ρ = 0.93, 95% CI 0.44–0.99). Baseline cytokines had limited utility, particularly in melanoma due to the small sample size. The most informative finding was the association of elevated 3-month IL-10 with adverse outcomes in NSCLC. These results support the value of dynamic cytokine monitoring in immunotherapy and warrant validation in larger cohorts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Challenges of Targeted Therapy of Cancers: 2nd Edition)
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26 pages, 5820 KB  
Article
The Impact of Elevated Soil pH Levels on Cranberry Growth, Physiology, and Metabolites
by Mura Jyostna Devi, Jinyoung Barnaby, Jessica Rohde, Yi Wang, Lorraine Rodriguez-Bonilla, Juan Zalapa, Amaya Atucha and Giverson Mupambi
Plants 2025, 14(18), 2833; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14182833 - 11 Sep 2025
Viewed by 490
Abstract
pH plays a critical role in regulating nutrient availability and uptake, directly influencing plant growth and productivity. Cranberries grow optimally within a soil pH range of 4.2 to 5.5, but achieving this range remains challenging, even with amendments. This study evaluated the effects [...] Read more.
pH plays a critical role in regulating nutrient availability and uptake, directly influencing plant growth and productivity. Cranberries grow optimally within a soil pH range of 4.2 to 5.5, but achieving this range remains challenging, even with amendments. This study evaluated the effects of elevated soil pH (7.0 to 7.2) on cranberry cultivation and identified factors contributing to adverse outcomes. Stems, leaves, and fruits were sampled from plants grown in soil with a pH ranging from 4.8 to 7.0. Nutrient composition, fruit size, yield, and anthocyanin content were analyzed. High soil pH levels resulted in significant reductions in fruit size (25–35%) and yield (29–56%). Cranberry plants grown in elevated pH conditions showed a significant (p < 0.001) decline in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and increased calcium and magnesium in soil, stems, leaves, and fruits. Additionally, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 to 0.001). Certain amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids increased significantly (p < 0.05 to 0.0001) in high pH soils, suggesting a role in stress adaptation. Calcium levels in fruits and shoots were inversely correlated with fruit size and some metabolites. These findings demonstrate that soil pH levels above the optimal range (4.2–5.5) substantially impair cranberry growth and quality by disrupting nutrient balance and photosynthesis. The results highlight the urgent need for improved water and soil management strategies to mitigate high soil pH stress in commercial cranberry production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochemical Responses of Horticultural Crops to Abiotic Stresses)
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18 pages, 4791 KB  
Article
A Machine-Learning-Based Cloud Detection and Cloud-Top Thermodynamic Phase Algorithm over the Arctic Using FY3D/MERSI-II
by Caixia Yu, Xiuqing Hu, Yanyu Lu, Wenyu Wu and Dong Liu
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(18), 3128; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17183128 - 9 Sep 2025
Viewed by 455
Abstract
The Arctic, characterized by extensive ice and snow cover with persistent low solar elevation angles and prolonged polar nights, poses significant challenges for conventional spectral threshold methods in cloud detection and cloud-top thermodynamic phase classification. The study addressed these limitations by combining active [...] Read more.
The Arctic, characterized by extensive ice and snow cover with persistent low solar elevation angles and prolonged polar nights, poses significant challenges for conventional spectral threshold methods in cloud detection and cloud-top thermodynamic phase classification. The study addressed these limitations by combining active and passive remote sensing and developing a machine learning framework for cloud detection and cloud-top thermodynamic phase classification. Utilizing the CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) cloud product from 2021 as the truth reference, the model was trained with spatiotemporally collocated datasets from FY3D/MERSI-II (Medium Resolution Spectral Imager-II) and CALIOP. The AdaBoost (Adaptive Boosting) machine learning algorithm was employed to construct the model, with considerations for six distinct Arctic surface types to enhance its performance. The accuracy test results showed that the cloud detection model achieved an accuracy of 0.92, and the cloud recognition model achieved an accuracy of 0.93. The inversion performance of the final model was then rigorously evaluated using a completely independent dataset collected in July 2022. Our findings demonstrated that our model results align well with results from CALIOP, and the detection and identification outcomes across various surface scenarios show high consistency with the actual situations displayed in false-color images. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Atmospheric Remote Sensing)
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19 pages, 694 KB  
Article
Mood States, Injury Status, and Countermovement Jump Performance in Brazilian High-Level Sports
by Izabel Cristina Provenza de Miranda Rohlfs, Franco Noce, Carolina F. Wilke, Tim J. Gabbett, Victoria R. Terry, Alexandre Montenegro, Carlos Alexandre Assis, Paula Moreira Magalhães, Pasteur O. de Miranda and Peter C. Terry
Sports 2025, 13(9), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13090303 - 3 Sep 2025
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Abstract
This study investigated relationships between mood profiles, sports injuries, and countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJ) performance in a cohort study of 417 Brazilian athletes using a multi-methods approach during the period from January to November 2023. Six distinct mood profiles were identified, [...] Read more.
This study investigated relationships between mood profiles, sports injuries, and countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJ) performance in a cohort study of 417 Brazilian athletes using a multi-methods approach during the period from January to November 2023. Six distinct mood profiles were identified, termed the shark fin (28.3%), iceberg (20.4%), submerged (18.7%), inverse iceberg (18.0%), surface (9.8%), and inverse Everest (4.8%). Athletes with the inverse Everest profile had a significantly higher risk of injury (OR = 2.90; 90% CI [1.09–7.55]) compared to those with the iceberg profile. Random forest models showed moderate predictive capability (AUC = 0.651), with vigour (12.7%) and anger (11.5%) as primary predictors. Bayesian analysis confirmed a higher injury probability in athletes with the inverse Everest profile (31.8%). Despite statistical power limitations, the results indicate that negative mood profiles, particularly those with elevated anger and fatigue, are associated with increased injury risk. Mood scores were not associated with CMJ performance variation. These findings highlight the importance of considering mood profiles in athlete monitoring systems, acknowledging the complex interplay between psychological and physical factors in injury risk. Full article
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