Search Results (11,339)

Naringinase is an enzyme complex composed of α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase, capable of deglycosylating flavonoids such as hesperidin. α-L-rhamnosidase converts hesperidin into rhamnose and hesperetin 7-O-glucoside (Hes-7-G), while β-D-glucosidase further hydrolyses Hes-7-G to hesperetin. Selective inactivation of β-D-glucosidase enables accumulation of Hes-7-G, a compound with higher water solubility and bioavailability than hesperidin or hesperetin, making it valuable for food and biotechnological applications. This study aimed to identify conditions allowing selective inhibition of β-D-glucosidase while preserving α-L-rhamnosidase activity for efficient Hes-7-G production. The effects of pH, temperature, and incubation time were investigated, together with the influence of polyols and sugars, including inositol, sucrose, glycerol, xylose, erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol, on α-L-rhamnosidase thermostability. Among the tested additives, erythritol significantly improved α-L-rhamnosidase thermostability. The highest selectivity was achieved by incubating the enzyme in 1.4 M erythritol at 70 °C for 10 min, resulting in ~5% residual β-D-glucosidase activity and 50% α-L-rhamnosidase activity. Under these conditions, α-L-rhamnosidase activity exceeded β-D-glucosidase activity by more than 60-fold. Selective thermal inactivation of β-D-glucosidase in the presence of erythritol provides an effective strategy for producing Hes-7-G from hesperidin and may enhance flavonoid bioavailability for industrial applications. Full article

Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins are well known for their high insecticidal activity against Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera and have been widely used in Bt transgenic crops. However, their activity against Hemipteran aphids remains relatively low. Identifying novel Cry proteins and elucidating their action mechanisms can facilitate the development of effective aphid control strategies. In this study, we found that ingestion of Cry2Ab12 did not kill Myzus persicae adults but significantly reduced their offspring number and exerted a lethal effect on M. persicae nymphs. After identifying Cry2Ab12 toxin-binding proteins in M. persicae, we further characterized the interaction with Obg-like ATPase 1 (OLA1), a conserved protein involved in growth regulation. Bio-layer interferometry (BLI), ELISA, and enzyme activity assays revealed that Cry2Ab12 and OLA1 do not interact directly. Interestingly, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) was shown to mediate the interaction among Cry2Ab12, HSP60, and OLA1, leading to inhibition of OLA1 enzymatic activity. Based on these findings and bioinformatics simulations, we proposed a mechanistic model for Cry2Ab12 toxicity against M. persicae: upon ingestion of a sufficient amount of Cry2Ab12, the formation of the Cry2Ab12–HSP60–OLA1 complex impairs the cellular stress response, disrupts normal OLA1 expression, and ultimately restricts larval growth and development, resulting in lethality. This study provides new insights into the action of Cry toxins in aphids and offers a basis for developing enhanced aphid biocontrol strategies. Full article

Diabetes mellitus remains a major metabolic disorder requiring the development of new and effective α-glucosidase inhibitors. The present study aimed to identify, design, and optimize novel 3-amino-2,4-diarylbenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-α]pyrimidine derivatives with promising inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase enzyme using a comprehensive in silico strategy. Approximately 300 molecular descriptors were calculated to characterize a dataset of 32 compounds (Peytam et al.) and to investigate the structural factors governing their biological activity. Based on these descriptors, a multiple linear regression model was developed to predict the inhibitory activities of the compounds against alpha-glucosidase. The developed model demonstrated satisfactory predictive performance and was internally and externally validated to ensure its accuracy, robustness, and reproducibility. In addition, the applicability domain analysis confirmed the reliability of the predictions. Using the validated QSAR model, seven new derivatives were designed with predicted pIC₅₀ values exceeding the maximum activity of the parent compounds. The leverage analysis demonstrated that all newly designed compounds were located within the applicability domain of the model, supporting the reliability of the predictions. To further evaluate their inhibitory potential, molecular docking studies were performed to investigate the interactions between the designed compounds and the α-glucosidase active site. The docking results revealed favorable binding interactions comparable to those reported for known α-glucosidase inhibitors. Furthermore, ADMET analysis indicated generally favorable pharmacokinetic properties, although potential CYP3A4 inhibition-related pharmacokinetic risks were identified and discussed. Molecular dynamics simulations, including replicated runs and MM/GBSA binding free energy calculations, confirmed the stability of the most promising protein–ligand complexes throughout the simulation period. In conclusion, this study proposes a robust and integrated computational workflow combining descriptor generation, QSAR modeling, applicability domain analysis, molecular docking, ADMET prediction, and molecular dynamics simulations for the rational design of potential α-glucosidase inhibitors. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of the designed derivatives and provide a valuable in silico framework for the future development of antidiabetic agents. Full article

Jellyfish stings are the most common type of marine life injuries. However, at present, the treatment measures against jellyfish stings are mostly empirical and supportive, with uncertain therapeutic outcomes, and there is a lack of specific antidotes based on the toxic mechanism of jellyfish venom in clinical practice. In our previous study, polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was found to neutralize the toxicity of jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai venom (NnV) in vivo and in vitro. Herein we further demonstrated that EGCG exerted its antagonistic effect against NnV through inhibiting the oxidative stress, pro-apoptotic proteins, and systemic inflammatory responses. Subsequently, we constructed a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-EGCG/tetracycline hydrochloride (HTC) co-loaded micellar nanocomplex in order to enhance the stability and bioavailability of EGCG in vivo, which successfully integrated the membrane-repair function of PEG, the enzyme inhibitory effect of HTC and the antioxidant properties of EGCG. Notably, this micellar nanocomplex demonstrated significant protective effects against both functional damage and pathological alterations in a non-lethal NnV-envenomed mouse model. When administered 1 h after NnV envenomation, EGCG (40 mg/kg), HTC and PEG-EGCG (containing 40 mg/kg EGCG) only partially improved abnormal blood biochemical indicators and moderately alleviated histopathologic damage, and PEG-EGCG/HTC containing merely 8 mg/kg EGCG completely mitigated the toxic reactions in envenomed mice. In the preventive regimen, the administration of EGCG, HTC or PEG-EGCG 30 min before exposure showed no significant improvement in abnormal blood biochemical indicators and histopathologic damage, while PEG-EGCG/HTC could still significantly improve the functional impairments and histopathologic damage of the heart and liver in NnV-envenomed mice. These findings suggest the clinical translational potential of PEG-EGCG/HTC against jellyfish envenomation. Full article

Background: Candida albicans is the main etiological agent of oral candidiasis and expresses several virulence-associated traits that contribute to tissue invasion and persistence within the host. Among these, morphogenesis and hydrolytic enzyme secretion are central to fungal pathogenicity. Carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpenoid found in essential oils from aromatic plants, has demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida species, although its effects on virulence phenotypes in clinical isolates remain poorly explored. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of carvacrol on morphogenesis and lipase activity in clinical isolates of C. albicans obtained from oral candidiasis. Methods: Thirteen clinical isolates of C. albicans obtained from the oral mucosa of patients with oral candidiasis and one reference strain (ATCC 90028) were evaluated in the presence and absence of carvacrol (256 μg/mL). The effects of carvacrol on germ tube formation, morphology index, hyphal length, colony filamentation in Spider medium, and lipase activity were analyzed using phenotypic assays. Results: Carvacrol reduced germ tube formation in most of the evaluated strains and decreased the overall morphology index, indicating attenuation of filamentous morphologies. In strains that maintained hyphal growth, treatment with carvacrol significantly reduced hyphal length. In addition, colonies grown in Spider medium supplemented with carvacrol exhibited predominantly smooth morphologies, with reduced filamentous formation. Lipase activity was also inhibited in all evaluated strains in the presence of the compound. Notably, variability in phenotypic response was observed among clinical isolates, particularly in strain 97, which maintained partial filamentation under treatment conditions. Conclusions: Exposure to carvacrol was associated with alterations in morphogenesis- and lipase-associated phenotypes in clinical isolates of C. albicans under inhibitory conditions. Because the experiments were conducted using a concentration corresponding to 2× MIC, the present findings do not allow discrimination between specific modulation of virulence-associated phenotypes and indirect effects associated with growth inhibition. Full article

Fluoride remains the keystone of evidence-based caries prevention by stabilizing the mineral balance at the tooth–biofilm–saliva interface. Contemporary understanding emphasizes a predominantly post-eruptive, topical mode of action where fluoride inhibits demineralization and accelerates remineralization. This interfacial catalysis is reinforced by pH-responsive calcium-fluoride-like reservoirs that release fluoride during acid challenges. While community water fluoridation confers population-level reductions, the most effective approach is sustaining low-level fluoride in the biofilm environment. Evidence confirms that toothpastes with 1000–1500 ppm fluoride provide a dose–response benefit in children, while 5000 ppm concentrations are indicated for high-risk scenarios such as root caries and xerostomia. Beyond physicochemical effects, fluoride modulates the oral microbiome by inhibiting bacterial enzymes and proton pumps, shifting community function toward a health-associated state without reducing overall diversity. In restorative dentistry, glass ionomer cements offer superior preventive effects against secondary caries compared to amalgam; however, marginal integrity, adhesive performance, and clinical technique, rather than fluoride release alone, remain the primary determinants of success. Despite well-known risks associated with high systemic intake, such as fluorosis, current evidence does not indicate genotoxic or adverse microbiome effects in humans from routine topical use of standard fluoride products at recommended preventive concentrations. Overall, fluoride’s cariostatic value rests on frequent, low-level exposures that maintain tissues in a repair-favoring state. Full article

Soil salinity inhibits biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legumes, compromising nitrogen nutrition and crop productivity. This study evaluated whether two halotolerant Mesorhizobium ciceri strains (S1, S2) can sustain BNF and alleviate moderate salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in three Tunisian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars (Amdoun, Béja 1, and Nour). Inoculated and non-inoculated plants were grown under controlled conditions. Salinity reduced shoot dry weight by 37.5–42% and severely impaired nodulation (≈60% reduction) in non-inoculated plants. Bacterial inoculation significantly increased germination rate, shoot and root biomass, and nodule number compared to non-inoculated salt-stressed controls. Improved nodulation corresponded to better nitrogen nutrition, reflected by higher leaf chlorophyll content (a proxy for nitrogen status). However, direct measurements of nitrogenase activity (e.g., acetylene reduction assay) are needed to confirm enhanced BNF. Inoculated seedlings also exhibited lower oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde) and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase), indicating reduced reactive oxygen species damage. Cultivar-specific responses were observed: Amdoun responded best to S1, Béja 1 to S2 for biomass recovery, while Nour showed strong antioxidant induction but limited growth gain. We conclude that halotolerant M. ciceri strains improve chickpea performance under salt stress primarily by sustaining BNF and nodulation, thereby maintaining nitrogen nutrition. Strain–cultivar compatibility is critical for optimizing this bio-inoculant strategy in saline agroecosystems. Our findings identify the combination of cultivar Béja 1 with strain S2 as the most promising for biomass recovery under moderate salinity, providing a practical, strain–cultivar matching framework that can guide the development of effective bio-inoculants for chickpea production in salt-affected areas of Tunisia and similar Mediterranean regions. Full article

Marine algae are emerging as important biological resources for the discovery and development of bioactive compounds with applications across food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural, aquaculture, environmental, and biotechnological systems. This review critically synthesizes current knowledge on macroalgae and microalgae as sources of sulfated polysaccharides, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, proteins, peptides, vitamins, mycosporine-like amino acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between algal source, cultivation conditions, compound structure, extraction strategy, formulation, and biological activity. Key mechanisms of action are discussed, including antioxidant defense, modulation of inflammatory signaling, inhibition of metabolic enzymes, antimicrobial and antiviral activity, interactions with the gut microbiota, and regulation of cell-cycle-related pathways. Recent progress in biotechnological production, green extraction, purification, analytical characterization, bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and delivery systems is evaluated in the context of real product development. The review further highlights the use of algal bioactives in functional foods, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, aquafeeds, crop biostimulants, and environmental remediation. Current limitations, including biomass variability, compound instability, limited human validation, regulatory complexity, safety concerns, and scale-up costs, are also addressed. Overall, marine algae provide a sustainable and multifunctional platform for developing bioactive products when discovery, processing, validation, and commercialization are integrated. Full article

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) remains a major public health threat due to its high mortality rates and the absence of approved antiviral therapies. The viral ovarian tumor (OTU) protease is a critical virulence factor that suppresses host innate immunity through its deubiquitinase activity, making it an attractive therapeutic target. In this study, we employed a structure-guided approach to identify and validate novel small-molecule inhibitors targeting the non-catalytic Y89-W99 pocket of the OTU protease. Recombinant OTU protease was successfully expressed, purified, and refolded, yielding a soluble and enzymatically active protein. Cellular assays confirmed that the enzyme retains robust deubiquitinase activity, significantly reducing global ubiquitin conjugates in mammalian cells. In silico analysis of a putative DUB inhibitor library identified several candidate inhibitors with favorable binding interactions within the Y89-W99 pocket. Biochemical validation using a fluorometric Ub-AMC assay revealed that multiple small molecules strongly inhibit OTU activity, including OTUi-10 (~93% inhibition), OTUi-13 (~87%), OTUi-1 (~85%), OTUi-4 and OTUi-11 (~81%), and OTUi-9 (~76%). Additional moderate inhibitors included OTUi-12 (~67%), OTUi-19 and OTUi-21 (~66%), and OTUi-5 (~57%). In silico drug-likeness and toxicity profiling filtered the library to four fully compliant candidates, OTUi-4, OTUi-10, OTUi-11, and OTUi-12, all free of predicted toxicity alerts. These findings suggest that the Y89–W99 pocket may be a pharmacologically relevant site worthy of further investigation and identify OTUi-10, OTUi-4, and OTUi-11 as promising preliminary hit compounds. The results also provide initial insights that may guide future optimization and mechanistic studies of OTU protease inhibitors targeting CCHFV. Full article

Global freshwater salinization endangers aquatic species, yet its impacts on crustaceans remain poorly understood. This study investigated the hepatopancreatic response of Eriocheir sinensis to carbonate alkalinity stress (0, 4.375, 8.75, 17.5, and 35 mmol/L) over 24, 48, and 96 h, integrating histology, ultrastructure, gene expression (RT-qPCR), and non-specific immune enzyme assays. Histopathological and ultrastructural analyses revealed concentration- and time-dependent damage, including vacuolization, hepatic tubule disintegration, nuclear condensation, mitochondrial reduction, and loss of cellular integrity. Molecular analysis demonstrated upregulation of genes associated with the TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB pathway and inflammatory genes (LITAF, IL-16), alongside increased HSP70 expression, confirming severe inflammation and cellular stress. Furthermore, apoptosis was induced via upregulated Bax and Caspase-3, downregulated Bcl-2, and DNA fragmentation. Non-specific immune responses in the hepatopancreas exhibited dynamic changes: acid phosphatase (ACP) was initially activated at low alkalinity but inhibited at high concentrations, while alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity increased at 96 h. Notably, the hepatopancreas proved more sensitive to this stress than the hemolymph. Collectively, carbonate alkalinity causes multidimensional hepatopancreatic injury in E. sinensis through structural disruption, inflammation mediated by TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway-related genes, apoptosis induction, and immune enzyme dysregulation, posing a significant threat to crab health in salinized waters. Full article

Plant-derived compounds have recently attracted considerable scientific attention due to their potential therapeutic applications, which are largely attributed to their antioxidant properties. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) is a potent inducer of intracellular oxidative stress, generating reactive free radicals, which significantly contribute to hepatic and renal damage. Micromeria frivaldszkyana (M. frivaldszkyana), a Bulgarian endemic species, contains high levels of phenolic compounds, including linarin, rosmarinic acid (RA), chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin, naringenin, and apigenin. In this study, male Wistar rats received oral treatment for 5 days comprising saline, 250, 400, or 500 mg/kg of M. frivaldszkyana methanolic extract, 100 mg/kg RA, or 125 mg/kg silymarin. On the final day, 0.5 mmol/kg of t-BHP was injected intraperitoneally, and blood and liver tissue samples were collected 18 h later for biochemical and histological analysis. Liver and kidney function was evaluated using biochemical markers (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA)), indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), and histopathology. Exposure to t-BHP resulted in significant hepatic and renal damage, including elevated serum markers, increased lipid peroxidation, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Administration of 500 mg/kg M. frivaldszkyana markedly lowered elevated serum ALT and AST levels. The extract also significantly mitigated t-BHP-induced increases in serum Cr and UA. However, no significant increase in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT or in GSH was observed at all tested doses. Malondialdehyde and 8-OHdG levels increased markedly following t-BHP exposure, whereas pretreatment with M. frivaldszkyana at all tested doses significantly ameliorated these oxidative alterations. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract of M. frivaldszkyana confers protective effects against t-BHP-induced toxicity, potentially through stabilisation of cell membranes, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and reduction in DNA damage. The extract may therefore serve as a potential natural therapeutic agent against injuries caused by oxidative stress. Full article

Artemisia campestris is a medicinal plant species endemic to Algeria, particularly abundant in the southern regions and the central Sahara. Its long-standing use in traditional medicine has recently gained scientific attention, prompting further investigation into its bioactive potential. This study focuses on the phytochemical composition and biological activity of its hydromethanolic extract, with a particular emphasis on its ability to inhibit neural enzymes associated with insect physiology with particular relevance to Aphis gossypii (Glover), a major polyphagous agricultural pest. Preliminary screening revealed a diverse array of secondary metabolites, including tannins (catechic and gallic), flavonoids, quinones, glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, coumarins, and alkaloids; however, anthocyanins were not detected. Quantitative analysis confirmed high concentrations of total phenolics (80.91 ± 1.58 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (60.45 ± 2.02 mg RE/g), phenolic acids (4.24 ± 0.38 mg CAE/g), and condensed tannins (2.26 ± 0.29 mg CE/g). Enzyme inhibition assays were performed using Ellman’s method, and IC₅₀ values were calculated by nonlinear regression analysis based on dose–response curves. The extract demonstrated significant in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with IC₅₀ values of 13.79 ± 0.79 µg/mL and 8.34 ± 0.58 µg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking analyses further confirmed strong binding affinities of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, and apigenin (−8.20 to −8.50 kcal/mol) with the AChE active site, stabilized by hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions with key residues. These results were benchmarked against galantamine, a reference inhibitor, which exhibited IC₅₀ values of 1.50 ± 0.12 µg/mL under the same conditions. Although galantamine showed superior potency, the relatively low IC₅₀ values of the A. campestris extract support its potential as a natural cholinesterase-inhibitory agent warranting further investigation. These findings suggest that A. campestris may represent a promising source of natural cholinesterase inhibitors with potential relevance for eco-friendly insect control. These in vitro and in silico findings provide a mechanistic rationale warranting future in vivo bioassay validation against A. gossypii and related agricultural pests. Full article

Background/Objectives: Fraxetin (7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin), a coumarin constituent of Cortex Fraxini (Qinpi) used in traditional Chinese medicine, is metabolised mainly by UGT1A9, but its potential to inhibit UGT enzymes and cause herb–drug interactions (HDIs) is largely unstudied. Methods: Fraxetin and four related coumarins were screened against 11 recombinant human UGTs; isoforms inhibited ≥80% underwent full kinetic analysis with 4-methylumbelliferone as probe. Binding was examined by molecular docking on AlphaFold structures with PLIP, triplicate 100 ns molecular dynamics, and MM/GBSA and MM/PBSA free-energy calculations, and interaction risk by FDA 2020 in vitro–in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). Results: Fraxetin alone inhibited both UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 by >80% and was characterised in detail, acting as a mainly competitive mixed-type inhibitor (UGT1A1 IC₅₀ 15.99 μM, K_i 8.32 μM; UGT1A9 IC₅₀ 8.44 μM, K_i 5.90 μM). A structure–activity comparison identified a dual-element pharmacophore comprising the C-6 methoxy group and the 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin aglycone. MM/GBSA favoured UGT1A9 over UGT1A1 (ΔΔG = −4.06 kcal/mol, p = 0.005), concordant with the kinetic ranking. IVIVE predicted a borderline systemic signal (R₁ > 1.02) but an intestinal R_1,gut approximately five- to seven-fold above the high-risk threshold of 11 after capping the luminal concentration at fraxetin aqueous solubility. Conclusions: This is the first characterisation of fraxetin as a moderate-potency inhibitor of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 and points to a previously under-recognised herb–drug interaction risk concentrated in the intestinal lumen rather than systemically; the finding constitutes an interaction signal requiring clinical confirmation rather than an established risk. Full article

Coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl aldehyde are precursors of lignin and are used in spices and the pharmaceutical industry. In this work, antioxidant, anticholinergic, antidiabetic, and antiglaucoma effects of coniferyl alcohol and aldehyde were evaluated and compared against the standards. To determine the antioxidant capacities of coniferyl alcohol and aldehyde, ABTS^•+, DMPD^•+ and DPPH^• scavenging abilities as well as cupric ion (Cu²⁺) reduction, ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) reduction and Fe³⁺-TPTZ reduction activities were studied. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbic acid, α-Tocopherol, Trolox, and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were used as the standard antioxidants. When the antioxidant effects of coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl aldehyde are compared to the standards, they exhibit significant antioxidant effects. In addition, it was determined that coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl aldehyde had a high degree of inhibition effect towards carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and II isoforms purified from human erythrocytes, α-glycosidase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and α-amylase as in vitro and in silico. Molecular docking studies revealed favorable binding affinities of coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl aldehyde toward all investigated enzymes, with key hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions identified at the active sites. The docking findings were found to be compatible with the in vitro enzyme inhibition results, supporting the proposed multi-target biological potential of both compounds. Molecular docking studies revealed favorable binding affinities of coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl aldehyde toward all investigated enzymes. Key hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions were identified within the active sites, particularly for AChE and hCA II. The docking results were consistent with the in vitro enzyme inhibition data, supporting their multi-target biological potential. Docking demonstrated that both compounds can effectively interact with the catalytic regions of the target enzymes. The identified binding modes and interaction patterns support the observed inhibitory activities and provide a molecular basis for their multi-target biological effects. Full article

Background/Objectives: Lavandula cariensis species is cultivated uncommonly in the western region of Turkey. The colloquial appellations avayianos, karabasi, and myra are used to refer to the L. cariensis plant. The essential oil of L. cariensis was studied for its potential antiglaucoma, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects. Methods: The inhibitory effect of the essential oil of L. cariensis on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), and α-amylase enzymes was determined. Therefore, chemical profiles of L. cariensis’ essential oil were identified using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and as Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) analyses. Results: Camphor (39.73%), fenchone (19.49%), exobornyl acetate (6.81%), camphene (5.49%), and eucalyptol (5.49%) were the most abundant compounds in L. cariensis essential oil. Radical scavenging effect of the essential oil of L. cariensis was examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC₅₀: 231.0 ± 0.094 μg/mL) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (IC₅₀: 7.45 ± 0.013 μg/mL) radicals. Also, the ferric ions (Fe³⁺), cupric ions (Cu²⁺), and Fe³⁺-2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ) complex reducing capabilities were studied. Additionally, essential oil of L. cariensis indicated a comparable level of inhibition towards hCA II (IC₅₀: 276.42 μg/mL), AChE (IC₅₀: 14.22 μg/mL), and α-amylase (IC₅₀: 475.63 μg/mL) enzymes. Conclusions: The evaluation of the antioxidant capabilities and enzyme inhibition profiling of the essential oil of L. cariensis will be made possible by this comprehensive study, which serves as a springboard for further research. The essential oil of L. cariensis demonstrated enzyme-inhibitory activities against target enzymes associated with Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and glaucoma. Also, this study’s in vitro inhibition suggests promising prospects. Full article