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21 pages, 19022 KB  
Article
Analysis on the “History–Space” Inter-Construction Mechanism of Traditional Villages Based on Multi-Historical Elements: A Case Study of Nankou Town, Northwest Beijing
by Yi You, Hongjie Wu and Lingyu Xu
Land 2025, 14(10), 2026; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14102026 - 10 Oct 2025
Abstract
Traditional villages are widely recognized as vast cultural treasure troves, characterized by diverse historical elements and distinctive spatial forms. Within this context, historical factors exert varying degrees of influence on spatial configurations, and each type of space preserves a distinct facet of historical [...] Read more.
Traditional villages are widely recognized as vast cultural treasure troves, characterized by diverse historical elements and distinctive spatial forms. Within this context, historical factors exert varying degrees of influence on spatial configurations, and each type of space preserves a distinct facet of historical memory. Taking Nankou Village in Beijing as a case study, this paper selects three distinct periods as entry points to explore how historical elements affect the spatial morphology of villages through Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression analysis and standard deviation ellipse methods. Under the theories of Halbwachs and Nora, this research analyzes the role of village spaces in the bearing and reshaping of historical memory. It further employs qualitative materials to inversely verify the quantitative results, thereby cross-validating the findings through both quantitative and qualitative perspectives in exploring the interactions between “historical elements” and “spatial morphology”. This integrated approach culminates in the innovative proposal of a “history–space” inter-construction mechanism. The findings reveal that different types of historical elements have significant influences on guiding and reshaping spatial features, exhibiting strong spatial heterogeneity. When multiple historical elements are coupled, the evolution of village morphology shows distinct phases, directions, and expansive characteristics. As these spaces undergo continuous practice, they drive the reconstruction of memory and reinterpretation of historical significance. Ultimately, Nankou Village has developed a unique “history–space” inter-construction mechanism, which uncovers the inherent logic of their ongoing evolution. This mechanism further holds theoretical extrapolative value for other historically and culturally significant villages. This study underscores the importance of integrating research and preservation of intangible cultural elements and physical spaces, providing critical insights into understanding spatial evolution patterns of traditional villages and their influencing factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Land Planning and Landscape Architecture)
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28 pages, 3154 KB  
Article
Structural Health Monitoring of Anaerobic Lagoon Floating Covers Using UAV-Based LiDAR and Photogrammetry
by Benjamin Steven Vien, Thomas Kuen, Louis Raymond Francis Rose and Wing Kong Chiu
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(20), 3401; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17203401 - 10 Oct 2025
Abstract
There has been significant interest in deploying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for their ability to perform precise and rapid remote mapping and inspection of critical environmental assets for structural health monitoring. This case study investigates the use of UAV-based LiDAR and photogrammetry at [...] Read more.
There has been significant interest in deploying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for their ability to perform precise and rapid remote mapping and inspection of critical environmental assets for structural health monitoring. This case study investigates the use of UAV-based LiDAR and photogrammetry at Melbourne Water’s Western Treatment Plant (WTP) to routinely monitor high-density polyethylene floating covers on anaerobic lagoons. The proposed approach integrates LiDAR and photogrammetry data to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of generating digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthomosaics by leveraging the strengths of both methods. Specifically, the photogrammetric images were orthorectified onto LiDAR-derived DEMs as the projection plane to construct the corresponding orthomosaic. This method captures precise elevation points directly from LiDAR, forming a robust foundation dataset for DEM construction. This streamlines the workflow without compromising detail, as it eliminates the need for time-intensive photogrammetry processes, such as dense cloud and depth map generation. This integration accelerates dataset production by up to four times compared to photogrammetry alone, while achieving centimetre-level accuracy. The LiDAR-derived DEM achieved higher elevation accuracy with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 56.1 mm, while the photogrammetry-derived DEM achieved higher in-plane accuracy with an RMSE of up to 35.4 mm. An analysis of cover deformation revealed that the floating cover had elevated rapidly within the first two years post-installation before showing lateral displacement around the sixth year, which was also evident from a significant increase in wrinkling. This approach delivers valuable insights into cover condition that, in turn, clarifies scum accumulation and movement, thereby enhancing structural integrity management and supporting environmental sustainability at WTP by safeguarding methane-rich biogas for renewable-energy generation and controlling odours. The findings support the ongoing collaborative industry research between Monash University and Melbourne Water, aimed at achieving comprehensive structural and prognostic health assessments of these high-value assets. Full article
31 pages, 16706 KB  
Article
Vulnerability Analysis of the Sea–Railway Cross-Border Intermodal Logistics Network Considering Inter-Layer Transshipment Under Cascading Failures
by Hairui Wei and Huixin Qi
Systems 2025, 13(10), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13100890 - 10 Oct 2025
Abstract
Maritime logistics and railway logistics are crucial in cross-border logistics, and their integration forms a sea-rail cross-border intermodal logistics network. Against the backdrop of frequent unexpected events in today’s world, the normal operation of the sea-rail cross-border intermodal logistics network is under considerable [...] Read more.
Maritime logistics and railway logistics are crucial in cross-border logistics, and their integration forms a sea-rail cross-border intermodal logistics network. Against the backdrop of frequent unexpected events in today’s world, the normal operation of the sea-rail cross-border intermodal logistics network is under considerable threat. Therefore, researching the vulnerability of the intermodal network is extremely urgent. To this end, this paper first constructs a topological model of the sea-rail cross-border intermodal logistics network, designed to reflect the crucial process of “inter-layer transshipment” via transshipment nodes. Subsequently, a cascading failure model is developed to evaluate network vulnerability, featuring a load redistribution process that distinguishes between transshipment and non-transshipment nodes. The paper yields three primary findings. First, it identifies the optimal values for the capacity factor, overload factor, and inter-layer load transfer rate that most effectively mitigate the network’s vulnerability. Second, compared to a single sub-network (such as a maritime logistics network or a railway logistics network), the sea-rail cross-border intermodal network exhibits lower vulnerability when facing attacks. Third, it highlights the critical role of transshipment nodes, confirming that their failure will make the entire sea-rail cross-border intermodal logistics network more vulnerable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Supply Chain Management)
20 pages, 4630 KB  
Article
Intelligent Defect Recognition of Glazed Components in Ancient Buildings Based on Binocular Vision
by Youshan Zhao, Xiaolan Zhang, Ming Guo, Haoyu Han, Jiayi Wang, Yaofeng Wang, Xiaoxu Li and Ming Huang
Buildings 2025, 15(20), 3641; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15203641 - 10 Oct 2025
Abstract
Glazed components in ancient Chinese architecture hold profound historical and cultural value. However, over time, environmental erosion, physical impacts, and human disturbances gradually lead to various forms of damage, severely impacting the durability and stability of the buildings. Therefore, preventive protection of glazed [...] Read more.
Glazed components in ancient Chinese architecture hold profound historical and cultural value. However, over time, environmental erosion, physical impacts, and human disturbances gradually lead to various forms of damage, severely impacting the durability and stability of the buildings. Therefore, preventive protection of glazed components is crucial. The key to preventive protection lies in the early detection and repair of damage, thereby extending the component’s service life and preventing significant structural damage. To address this challenge, this study proposes a Restoration-Scale Identification (RSI) method that integrates depth information. By combining RGB-D images acquired from a depth camera with intrinsic camera parameters, and embedding a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) into the backbone network, the method dynamically enhances critical feature regions. It then employs a scale restoration strategy to accurately identify damage areas and recover the physical dimensions of glazed components from a global perspective. In addition, we constructed a dedicated semantic segmentation dataset for glazed tile damage, focusing on cracks and spalling. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation results demonstrate that, compared with various high-performance semantic segmentation methods, our approach significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of damage detection in glazed components. The achieved accuracy deviates by only ±10 mm from high-precision laser scanning, a level of precision that is essential for reliably identifying and assessing subtle damages in complex glazed architectural elements. By integrating depth information, real scale information can be effectively obtained during the intelligent recognition process, thereby efficiently and accurately identifying the type of damage and size information of glazed components, and realizing the conversion from two-dimensional (2D) pixel coordinates to local three-dimensional (3D) coordinates, providing a scientific basis for the protection and restoration of ancient buildings, and ensuring the long-term stability of cultural heritage and the inheritance of historical value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation)
19 pages, 2081 KB  
Article
Digital Twins and Augmented Reality for Humanitarian Logistics in Urban Disasters: Framework Development
by Sepehr Abrishami and Reshma Jayaram
Logistics 2025, 9(4), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9040143 - 10 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Urban disasters expose persistent gaps in the operational picture and timely decision-making for response teams, which require user-centred systems that connect analysis to action. This study proposes and formatively validates an integrated framework that couples digital twins and augmented reality for [...] Read more.
Background: Urban disasters expose persistent gaps in the operational picture and timely decision-making for response teams, which require user-centred systems that connect analysis to action. This study proposes and formatively validates an integrated framework that couples digital twins and augmented reality for humanitarian logistics. Methods: A mixed methods design combined a structured literature synthesis with a practitioner survey across architecture, engineering, planning, BIM, and construction to assess perceived value and adoption conditions. Results: Findings indicate that practitioners prioritised digital twins for enhancing situational awareness (71.4%) and augmented reality for providing real-time information overlays (64.3%). A majority judged that integrating these technologies would yield substantial improvements in disaster response (67.9%), despite implementation challenges. Conclusions: The framework links live state estimation and short-horizon simulation to role-specific, in-scene AR cues, with the aim of reducing decision latency and improving coordination. Adoption depends primarily on human and organisational factors, including user accessibility, preparation needs, and clear governance. These results suggest a viable pathway to operationalise the bridge between analysis and field action and outline priorities for pilot evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Humanitarian and Healthcare Logistics)
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30 pages, 4876 KB  
Article
China’s Rural Industrial Integration Under the “Triple Synergy of Production, Livelihood and Ecology” Philosophy: Internal Mechanisms, Level Measurement, and Sustainable Development Paths
by Jinsong Zhang, Mengru Ma, Jinglin Qian and Linmao Ma
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 8972; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17208972 - 10 Oct 2025
Abstract
Against the backdrop of global agricultural transformation, rural China faces the critical challenge of reconciling economic development with environmental conservation and social well-being. This study, grounded in the rural revitalization strategy, investigates the internal mechanisms, level measurement, and sustainable development paths of rural [...] Read more.
Against the backdrop of global agricultural transformation, rural China faces the critical challenge of reconciling economic development with environmental conservation and social well-being. This study, grounded in the rural revitalization strategy, investigates the internal mechanisms, level measurement, and sustainable development paths of rural industrial integration based on the “Triple Integration of Production, Livelihood and Ecology” (PLE) philosophy. Firstly, we discussed the suitability and the mechanisms of this philosophy on China’s rural industrial integration. Secondly, based on a textual corpus extracted from academic journals and policy documents, we employed an LDA topic model to cluster the themes and construct an evaluation indicator system comprising 29 indicators. Then, utilizing data from the China Statistical Yearbook and the China Rural Statistical Yearbook (2013–2022), we measured the level of China’s rural industrial integration using the entropy method. The composite integration index displays a continuous upward trend over 2013–2022, accelerating markedly after the 2015 stimulus policy, yet a temporary erosion of “production–livelihood–ecology” synergy occurred in 2020 owing to an exogenous shock. Lastly, combining the system dynamics model, we simulated over the period 2023–2030 the three sustainable development scenarios: green ecological development priority, livelihood standard development priority and production level development priority. Research has shown that (1) the “Triple Synergy of Production, Livelihood and Ecology” philosophy and China’s rural industrial integration are endogenously unified, and they form a two-way mutual mechanism with the common goal of sustainable development. (2) China’s rural industrial integration under this philosophy is characterized by production-dominated development and driven mainly by processing innovation and service investment, but can be constrained by ecological fragility and external shocks. (3) System dynamics simulations reveal that the production-development priority scenario (Scenario 3) is the most effective pathway, suggesting that the production system is a vital engine driving the sustainable development of China’s rural industrial integration, with digitalization and technological innovation significantly improving integration efficiency. In the future, efforts should focus on transitioning towards a people-centered model by restructuring cooperative equity for farmer ownership, building community-based digital commons to bridge capability gaps, and creating market mechanisms to monetize and reward conservation practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
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22 pages, 2942 KB  
Article
From Waste to Binder: Alkali Activation of Blended Brick and Metakaolin Residues for Design of Circular Construction Materials
by Martin Mildner, Petr Hotěk, Martina Záleská, Robert Černý and Jan Fořt
Polymers 2025, 17(20), 2720; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17202720 - 10 Oct 2025
Abstract
Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) offer a promising low-carbon alternative to Portland cement, but their development has been dominated by fly ash and slag, whose availability is increasingly limited. This research explores waste brick powder (WBP) and metakaolin residue (RN), two abundant yet underutilized by-products, [...] Read more.
Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) offer a promising low-carbon alternative to Portland cement, but their development has been dominated by fly ash and slag, whose availability is increasingly limited. This research explores waste brick powder (WBP) and metakaolin residue (RN), two abundant yet underutilized by-products, as blended precursors for sustainable binder design. The novelty lies in demonstrating how complementary chemistry between crystalline-rich WBP and amorphous RN can overcome the drawbacks of single-precursor systems while valorizing construction and industrial residues. Pastes were prepared with varying WBP/RN ratios, activated with alkaline solutions, and characterized by Vicat setting tests, isothermal calorimetry, XRD with Rietveld refinement, MIP, SEM, and mechanical testing. Carbon footprint analysis was performed to evaluate environmental performance. Results show that WBP reacts very rapidly, causing flash setting and limited long-term strength, whereas the incorporation of 30–50% RN extends setting times, sustains dissolution, and increases amorphous gel formation. These changes refine the formed reaction products, leading to compressive strengths up to 39 MPa and flexural strengths of 8 MPa at 90 days. The carbon footprint of all blends remained 392–408 kg CO2e/m3, thus providing about a 60% improvement compared to conventional Portland cement paste. The study establishes clear design rules for waste-derived blended precursors and highlights their potential as circular, low-carbon binders. Full article
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23 pages, 3682 KB  
Article
Multiple Stakeholder Partition-Based Interactive-Game Voltage Control for Distribution Networks
by Wenchuan Sun, Zhongtang Zhou, Ming Du, Jiawei Huang, Rui Wang and Chuanliang Xiao
Processes 2025, 13(10), 3222; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103222 - 10 Oct 2025
Abstract
To address the overvoltage problem in distribution networks with large-scale photovoltaic (PV) integration, this paper proposes an interactive game-based voltage optimization control strategy based on microgrid cluster partitioning. A multi-agent control architecture is constructed, including a dynamic partitioning layer, a parallel independent optimization [...] Read more.
To address the overvoltage problem in distribution networks with large-scale photovoltaic (PV) integration, this paper proposes an interactive game-based voltage optimization control strategy based on microgrid cluster partitioning. A multi-agent control architecture is constructed, including a dynamic partitioning layer, a parallel independent optimization layer, and an interactive game optimization layer. In the dynamic partitioning layer, microgrid clusters are formed considering coupling degree, voltage regulation capability, and cluster scale. In the parallel optimization layer, a network reconfiguration-based control model is established for utility-owned microgrids, and a PV active/reactive power regulation model is developed for PV microgrids, enabling independent cluster-level control. In the game optimization layer, a non-cooperative game model is formulated to coordinate voltage regulation among clusters. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on an actual 10 kV feeder system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Energy Systems)
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17 pages, 6375 KB  
Article
Utilization of Desulfurization Gypsum in Alkali-Activated Mortar: Performance Enhancement and Microstructural Evolution
by Xiaolong Zhou, Xinyan Wang, Wenjing Yu, Yuhui Zhao and Zhonghao Li
Buildings 2025, 15(19), 3628; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193628 - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
The engineering applicability of alkali-activated mortar (AAM) is limited by high shrinkage and fast setting time. In this study, the shrinkage performance of AAM was regulated by adding desulfurization gypsum (DG), and the effects of DG content on its workability, corrosion resistance, and [...] Read more.
The engineering applicability of alkali-activated mortar (AAM) is limited by high shrinkage and fast setting time. In this study, the shrinkage performance of AAM was regulated by adding desulfurization gypsum (DG), and the effects of DG content on its workability, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The test included fluidity, setting time, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, water erosion resistance, and sulfate erosion resistance and was combined with microscopic analysis to reveal its phase composition and micro-morphology. The results show that DG can significantly prolong the setting time and reduce the drying shrinkage. With a DG content of 10%, alkali-activated materials exhibited a setting time similar to that of OPC, and the 56-d drying shrinkage of the AAM was reduced by 20.2%. However, the fluidity, water erosion resistance, and sulfate resistance decreased with an increase in DG content. When the DG content was 10%, the fluidity of the AAM reached 126 mm, and its setting time was equivalent to that of OPC. The mechanical properties showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The optimum was reached when the DG content was 6%. The 28-d compressive strength of AAM-6 was 63.25 MPa, and after 60 days of water erosion and sulfate corrosion its residual strength was still higher than that of OPC in the same environment. Microscopic analysis showed that DG promoted the formation of ettringite, which filled pores with age and formed a dense structure, thereby improving mechanical properties and inhibiting shrinkage. This study enhances the engineering applicability of AAM while enabling high-value utilization of industrial solid waste for sustainable construction materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation)
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23 pages, 1389 KB  
Article
The Transmission Effect of Threshold Experiences: A Study on the Influence of Psychological Cognition and Subjective Experience on the Consumption Intentions of Smart Sports Venues
by Zhenning Yao, Yujie Zhang, Sen Chen, Qian Huang and Tianqi Liu
Buildings 2025, 15(19), 3629; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15193629 - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
As a key domain within smart buildings, Smart Sports Venues represent a strategic direction for the future development of the construction industry and hold immense potential to drive the transformation and upgrading of the sports industry. To explore the underlying mechanisms influencing consumer [...] Read more.
As a key domain within smart buildings, Smart Sports Venues represent a strategic direction for the future development of the construction industry and hold immense potential to drive the transformation and upgrading of the sports industry. To explore the underlying mechanisms influencing consumer willingness to use Smart Sports Venues, this study constructs a theoretical model based on cognitive evaluation theory and collects data from 632 spectators in core cities of Western China (a region undergoing rapid urbanization where the sports industry is accelerating its development). As an emerging consumption scenario, Smart Sports Venues demonstrate significant development potential and representativeness in these cities. Empirical testing using structural equation modeling (SEM) combined with mediation and moderation analysis revealed the following results: (1) Perceptions of technology and convenience positively influence consumption intention; (2) Risk perceptions negatively influence consumption intention; (3) Critical experiences mediate the effects of technology perceptions, convenience perceptions, and risk perceptions on consumption intention; (4) Subjective Experience exerts a moderating effect. This study offered a novel theoretical explanation for how smart sports venues enhanced sports consumption willingness by revealing the “cognition-experience-behavior” transmission pathway—the complete journey consumers traversed from forming perceptions and experiencing on-site activities to ultimately making purchase decisions. Compared to existing research, this model innovatively integrated psychological cognition with behavioral response mechanisms, breaking away from traditional studies’ isolated analysis of technical parameters or consumption motivations. From an interdisciplinary perspective of sports consumption psychology and behavioral science, this study not only highlighted the value of smart sports venues as a pivotal link in technological innovation and industrial upgrading but also filled a gap in existing literature regarding how smart technologies influenced consumer behavior through psychological mechanisms. The findings provided theoretical foundations for optimizing smart sports architecture through user behavior data analysis and offered practical insights for the widespread adoption and development of smart building technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)
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26 pages, 5816 KB  
Article
Disturbance-Free Switching Control Strategy for Grid-Following/Grid-Forming Modes of Energy Storage Converters
by Geling Jiang, Siyu Kan, Yuhang Li and Xiaorong Zhu
Electronics 2025, 14(19), 3963; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14193963 - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
To address the problem of transient disturbance arising during the grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) mode switching of energy storage converters, this paper proposes a dual-mode seamless switching control strategy. First, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the mechanism behind switching transients, identifying [...] Read more.
To address the problem of transient disturbance arising during the grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) mode switching of energy storage converters, this paper proposes a dual-mode seamless switching control strategy. First, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the mechanism behind switching transients, identifying that sudden changes in current commands and angle-control misalignment are the key factors triggering oscillations in system power and voltage frequency. To overcome this, we design a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control angle-tracking technique based on the construction of triangular functions, which effectively eliminates the influence of periodic phase-angle jumps on tracking accuracy and achieves precise pre-synchronization of the microgrid phase in GFM mode. Additionally, we employ a current-command seamless switching technique involving real-time latching and synchronization of the inner-loop current references between the two modes, ensuring continuity of control commands at the switching instant. The simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental results show that the proposed strategy does not require retuning of the parameters after switching, greatly suppresses voltage and frequency fluctuations during mode transition, and achieves smooth, rapid, seamless switching between the GFL and GFM modes of the energy storage converter, thereby improving the stability of microgrid operation. Full article
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18 pages, 2243 KB  
Article
Small-Micro Park Network Reconfiguration for Enhancing Grid Connection Flexibility
by Fei Liu, Zhenguo Gao, Zikai Li, Dezhong Li, Xueshan Bao and Chuanliang Xiao
Processes 2025, 13(10), 3202; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103202 - 9 Oct 2025
Abstract
With the integration of a large number of flexible distributed resources, microgrids have become an important form for supporting the coordinated operation of power sources, grids, loads, and energy storage. The flexibility provided by the point of common coupling is also a crucial [...] Read more.
With the integration of a large number of flexible distributed resources, microgrids have become an important form for supporting the coordinated operation of power sources, grids, loads, and energy storage. The flexibility provided by the point of common coupling is also a crucial regulating resource in power systems. However, due to the complex network constraints within microgrids, such as voltage security and branch capacity limitations, the flexibility of distributed resources cannot be fully reflected at the point of common coupling. Moreover, the flexibility that can be provided externally by different network reconfiguration strategies shows significant differences. Therefore, this paper focuses on optimizing reconfiguration strategies to enhance grid-connected flexibility. Firstly, the representation methods of grid-connected power flexibility and voltage regulation flexibility based on aggregation are introduced. Next, a two-stage robust optimization model aimed at maximizing grid-connected power flexibility is constructed, which comprehensively considers the aggregation of distributed resource flexibility and reconfiguration constraints. The objective is to maximize the grid-connected power flexibility of the small-micro parks. In the first stage of the model, the topology of the small-micro parks is optimized, and the maximum flexibility of all distributed resources is aggregated at the PCC. In the second stage, the feasibility of the solution for the PCC flexible operation range obtained in the first stage is verified. Subsequently, based on strong duality theory and using the column-and-constraint generation algorithm, the model is effectively solved. Case studies show that the proposed method can fully exploit the flexibility of distributed resources through reconfiguration, thereby significantly enhancing the power flexibility and voltage support capability of the small-micro parks network at the PCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Energy Systems)
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16 pages, 2458 KB  
Communication
Machine Learning and UHPLC–MS/MS-Based Discrimination of the Geographical Origin of Dendrobium officinale from Yunnan, China
by Tao Lin, Yanping Ye, Jiao Zhang, Jing Wang, Zhengxu Hu, Khine Zar Linn, Xinglian Chen, Hongcheng Liu, Zhenhuan Liu and Qinghua Yao
Foods 2025, 14(19), 3442; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14193442 - 8 Oct 2025
Abstract
A rapid targeted screening method for 22 compounds, including flavonoids, glycosides, and phenolics, in Dendrobium officinale was developed using UHPLC–MS/MS, demonstrating good linear correlation coefficients, precision, repeatability, and stability. D. officinale from the Guangnan and Maguan regions can be effectively classified into two [...] Read more.
A rapid targeted screening method for 22 compounds, including flavonoids, glycosides, and phenolics, in Dendrobium officinale was developed using UHPLC–MS/MS, demonstrating good linear correlation coefficients, precision, repeatability, and stability. D. officinale from the Guangnan and Maguan regions can be effectively classified into two distinct categories using PCA. In addition, OPLS-DA discriminant analysis enables clear separation between groups, with samples forming well-defined clusters. The 22 chemical components provide valuable origin-related information for D. officinale. The compounds with VIP values of >1 included eriodictyol, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, and naringenin. The difference in naringenin content between D. officinale from the two production areas was minimal. By contrast, eriodictyol and vanillic acid were relatively abundant in D. officinale from Guangnan, while gentisic acid and protocatechuic acid were more prevalent in D. officinale from Maguan. The pathways with higher Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment were primarily associated with lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. These findings suggest that D. officinale exhibits promising lipid-balancing properties and potential cardiovascular health benefits. Seven machine learning algorithms—Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbor, Backpropagation Neural Network, Random Tree, and CatBoost—demonstrated superior accuracy and precision in distinguishing D. officinale from the Guangnan and Maguan regions. The key compounds with higher weights—vanillic acid, chrysoeriol, trigonelline, isoquercitrin, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, eriodictyol, sweroside, apigenin, and homoeriodictyol—play a crucial role in model construction and the identification of D. officinale from the Guangnan and Maguan regions. The quantification of 22 compounds using UHPLC–MS/MS, combined with PCA, OPLS-DA, and machine learning, enables effective discrimination of D. officinale from these two Yunnan production areas. Full article
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19 pages, 2428 KB  
Article
OsPIP2;1 Positively Regulates Rice Tolerance to Water Stress Under Coupling of Partial Root-Zone Drying and Nitrogen Forms
by Chunyi Kuang, Ziying Han, Xiang Zhang, Xiaoyuan Chen, Zhihong Gao and Yongyong Zhu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9782; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199782 - 8 Oct 2025
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Abstract
The coupling of partial root-zone drying (PRD) with nitrogen forms exerts an interactive “water-promoted fertilization” effect, which enhances rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development, improves water use efficiency (WUE), mediates the expression of aquaporins (AQPs), and alters root water conductivity. In [...] Read more.
The coupling of partial root-zone drying (PRD) with nitrogen forms exerts an interactive “water-promoted fertilization” effect, which enhances rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development, improves water use efficiency (WUE), mediates the expression of aquaporins (AQPs), and alters root water conductivity. In this study, gene cloning and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies were employed to construct overexpression and knockout vectors of the OsPIP2;1 gene, which were then transformed into rice (cv. Meixiangzhan 2). Three water treatments were set: normal irrigation (CK); partial root-zone drying (PRD); and 10% PEG-simulated water stress (PEG), combined with a nitrogen form ratio of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) to nitrate nitrogen (NO3) at 50:50 (A50/N50) for the coupled treatment of rice seedlings. The results showed that under the coupled treatment of PRD and the aforementioned nitrogen form, the expression level of the OsPIP2;1 gene in roots was upregulated by 0.62-fold on the seventh day, while its expression level in leaves was downregulated by 1.84-fold. Overexpression of OsPIP2;1 enabled Meixiangzhan 2 to maintain a higher abscisic acid (ABA) level under different water conditions, which helped rice reduce water potential and enhance water absorption. Compared with the CK treatment, overexpression of OsPIP2;1 increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of rice under PRD by 26.98%, effectively alleviating tissue damage caused by excessive accumulation of O2. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of OsPIP2;1-overexpressing rice showed correlations under PRD and A50/N50 nitrogen form conditions, with WUE exhibiting a significant positive correlation with transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, and Rubisco enzyme activity. Overexpression of OsPIP2;1 could promote root growth and increase the total biomass of rice plants. The application of the OsPIP2;1 gene in rice genetic engineering modification holds great potential for improving important agricultural traits of crops. This study provides new insights into the mechanism by which the AQP family regulates water use in rice and has certain significance for exploring the role of AQP genes in rice growth and development as well as in response to water stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Tolerance to Stress)
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16 pages, 3674 KB  
Article
Constructing the Urban Landscape Through Heat Turbulence Fluxes as a Passive Form to Mitigate Urban Heat Islands
by Monica Ballinas, Sean Rodolfo S. Vilchis-Martínez, Adriana Lira-Oliver, Juan Gerardo Oliva Salinas and Victor L. Barradas
Land 2025, 14(10), 2013; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14102013 - 8 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Urban microclimates depend on the city’s features, geographical position, climatic conditions, solar irradiance, and building materials. Many urban elements delay heat dissipation, giving rise to the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. (1) In Mexico City, UHIs occur mainly during the dry season (April–May) [...] Read more.
Urban microclimates depend on the city’s features, geographical position, climatic conditions, solar irradiance, and building materials. Many urban elements delay heat dissipation, giving rise to the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. (1) In Mexico City, UHIs occur mainly during the dry season (April–May) and likely increase in energy consumption in buildings. (2) Computational fluid dynamics models such as Ansys Fluent provide detailed flow field data related to atmospheric parameters and building surface fluctuations. With the data generated, a mitigation technique is proposed that displaces heat away from buildings, using air turbulence to actively cool them by examining the performance of w. (3) An experimental analysis was carried out to simulate thermal and aerodynamic scenarios throughout the day around three modules of different sizes, configurations, and albedo values. All modules showed a decrease in the difference between the building temperature and the air temperature, becoming colder with differences from −0.46 to −0.76 °C, while w presented values from −1.3 to 0.59 m·s−1, indicating some turbulence. (4) Therefore, it is necessary to consider mitigating UHIs in urban planning through efficient use of the properties and construction materials of each building and their arrangement in each block. Full article
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