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Keywords = freight trip generation modelling

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19 pages, 4131 KB  
Article
Emission Control in Expressway Systems: Vehicle Emission Inventory and Policy Scenario Analysis
by Jingxu Chen, Junyi Chen, Dawei Chen and Xiuyu Shen
Systems 2024, 12(8), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080273 - 29 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1682
Abstract
Expressway systems play a vital role in facilitating intercity travels for both passengers and freights, which are also a significant source of vehicle emissions within the transportation sector. This study investigates vehicle emissions from expressway systems using the COPERT model to develop multi-year [...] Read more.
Expressway systems play a vital role in facilitating intercity travels for both passengers and freights, which are also a significant source of vehicle emissions within the transportation sector. This study investigates vehicle emissions from expressway systems using the COPERT model to develop multi-year emission inventories for different pollutants, covering the past and future trends from 2005 to 2030. Thereinto, an integrated SARIMA-SVR method is designed to portray the temporal variation of vehicle population, and the possible future trends of expressway vehicle emissions are predicted through policy scenario analysis. The Jiang–Zhe–Hu Region of China is taken as the case study to analyze emission control in expressway systems. The results indicate that (1) carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present a general upward trend primarily originating from passenger vehicles, while nitrogen oxides (NOx) and inhalable particles (PM) display a slowing upward trend with fluctuations mainly sourcing from freight vehicles; (2) vehicle population constraint is an effective emission control policy, but upgrading the medium- and long-haul transportation structure is necessary to meet the continuous growth of intercity trips. Expressway vehicle emission reduction effectiveness can be further enhanced by curtailing the update frequency of emission standards, along with the scrapping of high-emission vehicles. Full article
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22 pages, 4103 KB  
Article
Modeling the Urban Freight-Transportation System Using the System Dynamics Approach
by Seyed Ali Ghaemi and Mansour Hadji Hosseinlou
Systems 2023, 11(8), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11080409 - 9 Aug 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3686
Abstract
The dynamic and complex interactions between the urban freight-transportation system and population, economy, traffic flow, fuel consumption, and environmental pollution, make policymaking in this system one of the fundamental challenges of urban management. In this regard, a systemic approach in urban freight-transportation system [...] Read more.
The dynamic and complex interactions between the urban freight-transportation system and population, economy, traffic flow, fuel consumption, and environmental pollution, make policymaking in this system one of the fundamental challenges of urban management. In this regard, a systemic approach in urban freight-transportation system modelling should be considered to solve the problems of the system. One of the main problems of this system is the mismatch between the freight-transportation capacity and the total freight-transportation demand. Considering the lack of sufficient studies in the field of macro and quantitative modeling of this system, the main goal of this article is to model the urban freight-transportation system in order to identify the factors affecting the urban freight-transportation demand and capacity. The main focus of the research is to develop quantitative scenarios which balance the freight-transportation capacity and freight-transportation demand. The urban freight-transportation system is modelled by the System Dynamics (SD) approach and their basic behaviors; as well as this the results of some policy-making scenarios are simulated. The model is validated by the real data of Shiraz. Five quantitative scenarios are designed with two approaches of managing the freight-transportation demand and freight-transportation-capacity sectors. The scenarios are based on four control variables, including the distribution coefficient, trip numbers, vehicle capacity, and vehicle numbers. The simulation results show that the total gap between freight-transportation capacity and freight-transportation demand will decrease by optimizing each of the control variables. However, the combined scenario is the most applicable policy in order to maintain the balance between freight-transportation capacity and demand. Generally, the proposed model can be used to design different quantitative scenarios in order to optimize the freight-transportation system’s performance. This study can also help policymakers to manage the urban freight-transportation system more efficiently. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Systems Practice in Social Science)
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18 pages, 2045 KB  
Article
Modelling Freight Trip Generation Based on Deliveries for Brazilian Municipalities
by Leise Kelli de Oliveira, Gracielle Gonçalves Ferreira de Araújo, Bruno Vieira Bertoncini, Carlos David Pedrosa and Francisco Gildemir Ferreira da Silva
Sustainability 2022, 14(16), 10300; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610300 - 18 Aug 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2402
Abstract
Freight trip generation modelling is important for forecasting freight movements, and understanding freight movements is crucial to enabling sustainable freight transportation planning. The existing literature focuses on model development, and most of the previous models are estimated by ordinary least squares regression. However, [...] Read more.
Freight trip generation modelling is important for forecasting freight movements, and understanding freight movements is crucial to enabling sustainable freight transportation planning. The existing literature focuses on model development, and most of the previous models are estimated by ordinary least squares regression. However, few studies have carefully considered the OLS assumptions. The objective of this paper is to estimate freight trip generation models using deliveries to commercial establishments in Brazilian municipalities. A procedure is described to estimate models by ordinary least squares (OLS), and alternative techniques are considered to address the violations of the OLS assumptions. The analysis was conducted with data from 860 commercial establishments in nine Brazilian municipalities, and models were estimated for capital, non-capital, small, medium, and larger municipalities. The findings showed that alternative techniques to OLS regression can provide better-estimated parameters and more accurate results. Not evaluating the OLS assumptions could compromise the quality of the model and, consequently, planning using these models. Moreover, the results showed that the number of employees has a more significant influence in small cities and a lower influence in medium-sized municipalities. Finally, the findings demonstrated the importance of local models that include the municipalities’ characteristics and that can support freight transportation planning. These models can also include sustainable strategies for freight transport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Green City Logistics)
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18 pages, 4938 KB  
Article
Powering the WSN Node for Monitoring Rail Car Parameters, Using a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
by Bogdan Dziadak, Mariusz Kucharek and Jacek Starzyński
Energies 2022, 15(5), 1641; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051641 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2682
Abstract
Monitoring of railroad wagons is important for logistical processes, but above all for safety. One of the key parameters to be monitored is the temperature of the axle box and the bearings in the bogie. The problem with monitoring these parameters is the [...] Read more.
Monitoring of railroad wagons is important for logistical processes, but above all for safety. One of the key parameters to be monitored is the temperature of the axle box and the bearings in the bogie. The problem with monitoring these parameters is the harsh environment and lack of power supply. In our research, we present a power supply system for a WSN node monitoring the bogie parameters. Knowing the operating conditions, we built a power supply system using a piezoelectric energy harvester. The harvester consists of three piezoelectric elements placed on a double arm pendulum beam. The circuit was modeled in the Comsol Multiphysics environment and then built and tested in laboratory conditions. After confirming energy efficiency, the system was tested on a freight car bogie during an 8 h trip. At typical car vibration frequencies (4–10 Hz), the system is able to generate 73 uW. Combined with an energy buffer of 1000 mAh (3.7 V), it can power a WSN node (based on the nRF5340 chip) for 13 years of operation. Full article
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