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Keywords = household splitting process

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17 pages, 1140 KB  
Article
Household Splitting Process and Food Security in Malawi
by Maria Sassi
Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2172; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092172 - 2 May 2023
Viewed by 2203
Abstract
Despite the frequent changes in household composition in Sub-Saharan Africa, the literature on the household division process is sparse, with no evidence of its effect on food security. This paper addresses the topic in Malawi, where the fission process is evident and malnutrition [...] Read more.
Despite the frequent changes in household composition in Sub-Saharan Africa, the literature on the household division process is sparse, with no evidence of its effect on food security. This paper addresses the topic in Malawi, where the fission process is evident and malnutrition is a severe problem. Using the Integrated Household Panel Dataset, this study applies the difference-in-difference model with the propensity score matching technique to compare matched groups of households that did and did not split between 2010 and 2013. The results suggest that coping strategies adopted by poor households and life course events determine household fission in Malawi, a process that benefits household food security in the short term. On average, the food consumption score is 3.74 units higher among households that split between 2010 and 2013 compared to the matched households that did not. However, the household division might have long-run adverse effects on food insecurity, especially for poor households due to the adoption of coping strategies that might compromise their human capital and income-generating activities. Therefore, this process warrants attention for the more accurate understanding, design, and evaluation of food security interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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23 pages, 721 KB  
Article
The Impact of Financial Literacy on Household Health Investment: Empirical Evidence from China
by Xiao Ling, Luanfeng Wang, Yuxi Pan and Yanchao Feng
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2229; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032229 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4576
Abstract
Based on the 2019 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data, this paper used factor analysis to measure the level of financial literacy of surveyed householders and used the Probit model and the negative binomial model to test the impact of financial literacy ( [...] Read more.
Based on the 2019 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) data, this paper used factor analysis to measure the level of financial literacy of surveyed householders and used the Probit model and the negative binomial model to test the impact of financial literacy (FL) on household health investment (HHI). The results show that: (1) FL is an essential influencing factor in increasing participation in HHI, and householders with a higher level of FL are also more willing to pay for diversified investments. (2) We split the FL level from the two dimensions of knowledge and ability. We found that the primary FL (including financial knowledge, computing ability, and correct recognition of investment product risk) plays a more critical role in the investment decision process. (3) When information sources, health knowledge, and family income are used as mediating variables, FL can influence the decisions of HHI in three ways: expanding information sources, enriching health knowledge, and alleviating income constraints. (4) By analyzing the heterogeneity of household heads in different regions and with different personal characteristics, we found that the medical level of the household location and the life and work experience of the householders played a moderating role. Full article
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14 pages, 3756 KB  
Article
ELECTRIcity: An Efficient Transformer for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring
by Stavros Sykiotis, Maria Kaselimi, Anastasios Doulamis and Nikolaos Doulamis
Sensors 2022, 22(8), 2926; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082926 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 58 | Viewed by 7214
Abstract
Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) describes the process of inferring the consumption pattern of appliances by only having access to the aggregated household signal. Sequence-to-sequence deep learning models have been firmly established as state-of-the-art approaches for NILM, in an attempt to identify the pattern [...] Read more.
Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) describes the process of inferring the consumption pattern of appliances by only having access to the aggregated household signal. Sequence-to-sequence deep learning models have been firmly established as state-of-the-art approaches for NILM, in an attempt to identify the pattern of the appliance power consumption signal into the aggregated power signal. Exceeding the limitations of recurrent models that have been widely used in sequential modeling, this paper proposes a transformer-based architecture for NILM. Our approach, called ELECTRIcity, utilizes transformer layers to accurately estimate the power signal of domestic appliances by relying entirely on attention mechanisms to extract global dependencies between the aggregate and the domestic appliance signals. Another additive value of the proposed model is that ELECTRIcity works with minimal dataset pre-processing and without requiring data balancing. Furthermore, ELECTRIcity introduces an efficient training routine compared to other traditional transformer-based architectures. According to this routine, ELECTRIcity splits model training into unsupervised pre-training and downstream task fine-tuning, which yields performance increases in both predictive accuracy and training time decrease. Experimental results indicate ELECTRIcity’s superiority compared to several state-of-the-art methods. Full article
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12 pages, 1021 KB  
Article
Household Split, Income, and Migrants’ Life Satisfaction: Social Problems Caused by Rapid Urbanization in China
by Yang Chen, Hongsheng Chen and Jinhua Liu
Sustainability 2019, 11(12), 3415; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123415 - 21 Jun 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4242
Abstract
Household split between rural and urban areas has become an important social issue in China’s urbanization process. This study analysed the influence of household split on migrants’ life satisfaction and the differences between inter- and intra-provincial migrants. Using the data of the 2014 [...] Read more.
Household split between rural and urban areas has become an important social issue in China’s urbanization process. This study analysed the influence of household split on migrants’ life satisfaction and the differences between inter- and intra-provincial migrants. Using the data of the 2014 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, we found that the life satisfaction of inter-provincial migrants was significantly lower than that of intra-provincial migrants. For inter-provincial migrants, the life satisfaction of those who moved to the city with underaged children was significantly lower than that of those who left their children in their hometown. Moreover, the life satisfaction of migrants who were concerned about childcare in the hometown was significantly lower than that of those who did not worry about it. Chinese migrants face a dilemma: bringing their family members to the city despite the lack of social welfare support or leaving them in the hometown worrying about family care. We also found that family income does not have a significant moderating effect on the decline in life satisfaction owing to concerns about childcare in the hometown. Future policy concerning China’s population should create external conditions for migrants to accomplish family reunion. Full article
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12 pages, 1208 KB  
Article
Effect of Traditional Household Processes on Iron, Zinc and Copper Bioaccessibility in Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
by Sabrina Feitosa, Ralf Greiner, Ann-Katrin Meinhardt, Alexandra Müller, Deusdélia T. Almeida and Clemens Posten
Foods 2018, 7(8), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7080123 - 31 Jul 2018
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 9397
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies are a major public health problem. Beans are an important plant-based source of iron, zinc and copper, but their absorption is reduced in the presence of anti-nutrients such as phytates, polyphenols and tannins. Soaking and discarding the soaking water before cooking [...] Read more.
Micronutrient deficiencies are a major public health problem. Beans are an important plant-based source of iron, zinc and copper, but their absorption is reduced in the presence of anti-nutrients such as phytates, polyphenols and tannins. Soaking and discarding the soaking water before cooking is unanimously recommended, but this can result in mineral loss. Data on the consequences for mineral bioaccessibility is still limited. This study aimed to evaluate iron, zinc and copper bioaccessibility in black beans cooked (regular pan, pressure cooker) with and without the soaking water. For that, three batches of black beans were investigated in triplicate, each split in nine parts (raw grains and four different household processes in duplicate) and analyzed by applying the quarter technique, resulting in a grand total of 164 samples. Minerals were quantified by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), myo-inositol phosphates (InsP5, InsP6) by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) ion-pair chromatography, total polyphenols using Folin-Denis reagent and condensed tannins using Vanillin assay. Mineral bioaccessibility was determined by in vitro digestion and dialysis. All treatments resulted in a statistically significant reduction of total polyphenols (30%) and condensed tannins (20%). Only when discarding the soaking water a loss of iron (6%) and copper (30%) was observed, and InsP6 was slightly decreased (7%) in one treatment. The bioaccessibility of iron and zinc were low (about 0.2% iron and 35% zinc), but copper presented high bioaccessibility (about 70%). Cooking beans under pressure without discarding the soaking water resulted in the highest bioaccessibility levels among all household procedures. Discarding the soaking water before cooking did not improve the nutritional quality of the beans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Legumes: Physicochemical and Nutritional Properties)
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15 pages, 222 KB  
Article
New Zealand’s Food Waste: Estimating the Tonnes, Value, Calories and Resources Wasted
by Christian John Reynolds, Miranda Mirosa and Brent Clothier
Agriculture 2016, 6(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture6010009 - 23 Feb 2016
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 16070
Abstract
We used macro-economic data and aggregated waste data to estimate that, in 2011, New Zealand households generated over 224,000 tonnes of food waste, and New Zealand industry generated over 103,000 tonnes of food waste. We split New Zealand’s food waste into 14 food-waste [...] Read more.
We used macro-economic data and aggregated waste data to estimate that, in 2011, New Zealand households generated over 224,000 tonnes of food waste, and New Zealand industry generated over 103,000 tonnes of food waste. We split New Zealand’s food waste into 14 food-waste categories and found that 7% is related to “fresh” produce, and 93% “processed” food waste. The value of New Zealand’s food waste in 2011 is estimated to be NZ $568 million, or $131 per person. Furthermore, New Zealand’s food waste represents 163 × 109 calories in total, and avoidable food waste would be able to feed between 50,000 and 80,000 people a year. New Zealand food waste embodies 4.2 × 106 tonnes of CO2-e, 4.7 × 109 m3 of water, and 29 × 103 TJ of energy. Nonetheless, we find that, compared to other nations, New Zealanders waste less food per capita by weight, value and calorie. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fresh Produce Wastage)
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