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Keywords = information processing within mammalian brains

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21 pages, 22357 KB  
Article
Dynamical Systems on Generalised Klein Bottles
by Peter Grindrod and Ka Man Yim
Entropy 2025, 27(2), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/e27020119 - 24 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1082
Abstract
We propose a high-dimensional generalisation of the standard Klein bottle extending beyond those considered previously. We address the problem of generating continuous scalar fields (distributions) and dynamical systems (flows) on such state spaces, which can provide a rich source of examples for future [...] Read more.
We propose a high-dimensional generalisation of the standard Klein bottle extending beyond those considered previously. We address the problem of generating continuous scalar fields (distributions) and dynamical systems (flows) on such state spaces, which can provide a rich source of examples for future investigations. We consider a class of high-dimensional dynamical systems that model distributed information processing within the human cortex, which may be capable of exhibiting some Klein bottle symmetries. We deploy topological data analytic methods in order to analyse their resulting dynamical behaviour and suggesting future challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Signal and Data Analysis)
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25 pages, 1362 KB  
Review
Endocannabinoid System and Metabolism: The Influences of Sex
by Isabel Forner-Piquer, Christian Giommi, Fiorenza Sella, Marta Lombó, Nina Montik, Luisa Dalla Valle and Oliana Carnevali
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 11909; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252211909 - 6 Nov 2024
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4217
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a lipid signaling system involved in numerous physiological processes, such as endocrine homeostasis, appetite control, energy balance, and metabolism. The ECS comprises endocannabinoids, their cognate receptors, and the enzymatic machinery that tightly regulates their levels within tissues. This [...] Read more.
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a lipid signaling system involved in numerous physiological processes, such as endocrine homeostasis, appetite control, energy balance, and metabolism. The ECS comprises endocannabinoids, their cognate receptors, and the enzymatic machinery that tightly regulates their levels within tissues. This system has been identified in various organs, including the brain and liver, in multiple mammalian and non-mammalian species. However, information regarding the sex-specific regulation of the ECS remains limited, even though increasing evidence suggests that interactions between sex steroid hormones and the ECS may ultimately modulate hepatic metabolism and energy homeostasis. Within this framework, we will review the sexual dimorphism of the ECS in various animal models, providing evidence of the crosstalk between endocannabinoids and sex hormones via different metabolic pathways. Additionally, we will underscore the importance of understanding how endocrine-disrupting chemicals and exogenous cannabinoids influence ECS-dependent metabolic pathways in a sex-specific manner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Control of Metabolism and Growth Processes)
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