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25 pages, 6626 KiB  
Article
Expressive Circles—Original Concept Regarding the Structural and Dramaturgical Aspects of the Musical Composition in the Piece EXPRESSIVE CIRCLES—Three Pieces for Piano Trio: Composer’s Self-Reflection
by Patryk Kusiak
Arts 2025, 14(4), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/arts14040098 (registering DOI) - 20 Aug 2025
Abstract
The objective of this article is to present an original approach for modern composers to construct their musical work regarding its structural and dramaturgical aspects. The concept of Expressive circles originated primarily in inspirations taken from the movement in art called Surrealism and [...] Read more.
The objective of this article is to present an original approach for modern composers to construct their musical work regarding its structural and dramaturgical aspects. The concept of Expressive circles originated primarily in inspirations taken from the movement in art called Surrealism and from music composed by Hanna Kulenty (which she describes as musique surrealistique). There are also parallels to other concepts (unism in music, surconventional deconstruction of the musical material) or to other composers (Witold Lutosławski). In the article, I present three types of Expressive circles (i.e., three form models)—closed structure, open structure and inverted structure. Each model is characterised by different approach to the musical theme and to its development in the musical piece. Considering the dramaturgical aspects of the work, the trance-like character of the music is important and there are two types of musical trances that I distinguish in Expressive circles, logarithm and drive; both are achieved differently in the musical work. The theoretical assumptions of the concept presented in the article are illustrated by chosen fragments from the score of my composition (EXPRESSIVE CIRCLES—Three pieces for piano trio) and by colourful schemes showing how the concept translates from theory to music. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sound, Space, and Creativity in Performing Arts)
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19 pages, 1347 KiB  
Article
Enhancing MUSIC’s Capability for Performance Evaluation and Optimization of Established Urban Constructed Wetlands
by Fujia Yang, Shirley Gato-Trinidad and Iqbal Hossain
Hydrology 2025, 12(8), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology12080219 - 18 Aug 2025
Abstract
The Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualization (MUSIC) serves as a key hydrological tool for simulating urban stormwater runoff pollution and evaluating the treatment performance in Water-Sensitive Urban Designs like constructed wetlands (CWs). However, a significant limitation exists in MUSIC’s current inability to [...] Read more.
The Model for Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualization (MUSIC) serves as a key hydrological tool for simulating urban stormwater runoff pollution and evaluating the treatment performance in Water-Sensitive Urban Designs like constructed wetlands (CWs). However, a significant limitation exists in MUSIC’s current inability to model heavy metal contaminants, even though they are commonly found in urban stormwater and pose significant environmental risks. This eventually affects the model’s utility during critical planning phases for urban developments. Thus, there is a need to address this limitation. Field investigations were conducted across established CWs in residential and industrial catchments throughout Greater Melbourne, Australia. Through systematic monitoring and calibration, an approach was developed to extend MUSIC’s predictive capabilities to include several prevalent heavy metals. The results indicate that the enhanced model can generate plausible estimates for targeted metals while differentiating catchment-specific pollutant generation and treatment patterns. This advancement enhances MUSIC’s functionality as a planning support tool, enabling the preliminary assessment of heavy metal dynamics alongside conventional pollutants during both design and operational stages. The findings underscore the value of incorporating metal-specific parameters into stormwater models, offering improved support for urban water management decisions and long-term water quality protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Urban Hydrology and Stormwater Management)
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38 pages, 8278 KiB  
Review
Music as Fluidum: A Rheological Approach to the Materiality of Sound as Movement Through Time
by Mark Reybrouck
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 1118; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15081118 - 18 Aug 2025
Abstract
Music is an elusive phenomenon with sounds that disappear while sounding. This challenges the description of the music and its processing by the listener or performer. A possible answer to this problem lies in the definition of music as flowing sound energy that [...] Read more.
Music is an elusive phenomenon with sounds that disappear while sounding. This challenges the description of the music and its processing by the listener or performer. A possible answer to this problem lies in the definition of music as flowing sound energy that continuously modifies its substance and shape. Such an approach adheres to the materiality of sound and allows for a description of music in rheological terms. We therefore take as a starting point the analogy of music as a virtual, motional object that follows a trajectory through time, revolving around three major issues: (i) the relation between sound and motion, (ii) the description of motion or movement over time, and (iii) the embodied and enactive character of musical engagement. The paper relies mainly on historical sources—most notably the work of Alexander Truslit on motion perception and Ernst Kurth on energetics—and connects them to modern paradigms of embodied and enactive cognition as applied to music. Full article
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15 pages, 1643 KiB  
Article
Towards Building a Unified Adsorption Model for Goethite Based on Variable Crystal Face Contributions: III Carbonate Adsorption
by Mario Villalobos and América Xitlalli Cruz-Valladares
Colloids Interfaces 2025, 9(4), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids9040051 - 18 Aug 2025
Viewed by 38
Abstract
Goethite, a ubiquitous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide mineral, typically occurs in very small particle sizes whose interfacial properties critically influence the fate and transport of ionic species in natural systems. The surface site density of synthetic goethite increases with particle size, resulting in enhanced adsorption [...] Read more.
Goethite, a ubiquitous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide mineral, typically occurs in very small particle sizes whose interfacial properties critically influence the fate and transport of ionic species in natural systems. The surface site density of synthetic goethite increases with particle size, resulting in enhanced adsorption capacity per unit area. In the first two parts of this study, we modeled the adsorption of protons, nitrate, As(V), Pb(II), Zn(II), and phosphate on goethite as a function of particle size, adsorbate concentration, pH, and ionic strength, using unified parameters within the CD-MUSIC framework. Here, we extend this work to characterize the interfacial behavior of carbonate in goethite suspensions, using a comprehensive dataset generated previously under both closed and open CO2 system conditions. Carbonate oxyanions, prevalent in geochemical environments, exhibit competitive and complexation interactions with other ions and mineral surfaces. Although a bidentate bridging surface carbonate complex has been successful in previous modeling efforts on goethite, we found that the size of the carbonate moiety is too small and would require extreme octahedron bending of the goethite’s singly coordinated sites to accommodate this type of binding. Here, we propose a novel complex configuration that considers structural, physicochemical, and spectroscopic evidence. Optimal unified affinity constants and charge distribution parameters for this complex simulated all experimental data successfully, providing further validation of the CD-MUSIC model for describing relevant goethite/aqueous interfacial reactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ten Years Without Nikola Kallay)
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29 pages, 787 KiB  
Review
Proposed Physiological and Neurobiological Mechanisms of Music’s Effect, with a Focus on the Perioperative Period: Literature Evidence from Human, Canine and Feline Medicine
by Stefanos G. Georgiou and Apostolos D. Galatos
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(8), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12080770 - 17 Aug 2025
Viewed by 267
Abstract
There is growing evidence regarding non-pharmacological therapies such as music as a supportive approach for the treatment of various clinical conditions in humans. Physiological and neurobiological research suggests that music exposure is related to endorphin, endocannabinoid and dopamine release, favourable effects on autonomic [...] Read more.
There is growing evidence regarding non-pharmacological therapies such as music as a supportive approach for the treatment of various clinical conditions in humans. Physiological and neurobiological research suggests that music exposure is related to endorphin, endocannabinoid and dopamine release, favourable effects on autonomic nervous system functioning and is associated with decreased pain perception and reduced stress response. Further evidence in humans demonstrates a beneficial role of music application during the perioperative period by improving various outcome measures, such as the perioperative stress and anxiety levels, the sedation or general anaesthetic requirements, the pain levels, the analgesic requirements and other parameters related to patient prognosis, without reported side effects. Accordingly, such interventions have been considered as a method of environmental enrichment for animal welfare enhancement, by masking potentially disturbing background noises and by ameliorating anxiety or aggressive behaviours in different stressful settings in dogs and cats. Furthermore, research has been lately extended to the potential music’s effect in these species during the perioperative period, considered a stressful setting, as well. This review presents the existing evidence of music application focusing on the perioperative period of dogs and cats, as part of a multimodal approach, to improve their surgical outcome and welfare. Full article
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16 pages, 576 KiB  
Systematic Review
Reducing Caregiver Burden Through Dyadic Support in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review Focused on Middle-Aged and Older Adults
by Gonçalo Botas, Sara Pires, Cesar Fonseca and Ana Ramos
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(16), 5804; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165804 - 16 Aug 2025
Viewed by 260
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Family caregivers in palliative care often face complex physical, emotional, and logistical challenges, which can result in a significant caregiving burden. Dyadic interventions—designed to support both the patient and the caregiver simultaneously—have emerged as a promising holistic approach to enhancing well-being [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Family caregivers in palliative care often face complex physical, emotional, and logistical challenges, which can result in a significant caregiving burden. Dyadic interventions—designed to support both the patient and the caregiver simultaneously—have emerged as a promising holistic approach to enhancing well-being and quality of life. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of dyadic support interventions in reducing caregiver burden among middle-aged and older adults receiving palliative care. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across five databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar for grey literature) covering the period from 2019 to January 2025. Results: Of 653 records identified, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions were typically delivered by multidisciplinary teams and included weekly in-person consultations, telephone follow-up, telemedicine, physical exercise sessions, laughter therapy, and music therapy over durations ranging from 16 weeks to 6 months. These programs resulted in reduced anxiety and depressive symptoms (PHQ-4, HADS, SDS, BAI, SAS), improved functional and social performance (SF-36), and/or enhanced quality of life (MQLQ, QOL-AD, KCCQ-12, EORTC QLQ-C30). In patients, they contributed to better symptom control (ESAS, CFS), while in caregivers, they effectively reduced burden (ZBI-12, FCBSI, CBI) and/or supported the anticipatory grief process (PGQ, AGS). However, not all studies reported consistently positive outcomes. Conclusions: Structured dyadic interventions that involve both patients and caregivers significantly improve outcomes in palliative care for middle-aged and older adults. Future research should examine their long-term impact and explore the integration of artificial intelligence to optimize intervention delivery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Medicine)
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34 pages, 593 KiB  
Review
Technology-Enhanced Musical Practice Using Brain–Computer Interfaces: A Topical Review
by André Perrotta, Jacinto Estima, Jorge C. S. Cardoso, Licínio Roque, Miguel Pais-Vieira and Carla Pais-Vieira
Technologies 2025, 13(8), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies13080365 - 16 Aug 2025
Viewed by 440
Abstract
High-performance musical instrument training is a demanding discipline that engages cognitive, neurological, and physical skills. Professional musicians invest substantial time and effort into mastering their repertoire and developing the muscle memory and reflexes required to perform complex works in high-stakes settings. While existing [...] Read more.
High-performance musical instrument training is a demanding discipline that engages cognitive, neurological, and physical skills. Professional musicians invest substantial time and effort into mastering their repertoire and developing the muscle memory and reflexes required to perform complex works in high-stakes settings. While existing surveys have explored the use of music in therapeutic and general training contexts, there is a notable lack of work focused specifically on the needs of professional musicians and advanced instrumental practice. This topical review explores the potential of EEG-based brain–computer interface (BCI) technologies to integrate real-time feedback of biomechanic and cognitive features in advanced musical practice. Building on a conceptual framework of technology-enhanced musical practice (TEMP), we review empirical studies of broad contexts, addressing the EEG signal decoding of biomechanic and cognitive tasks that closely relates to the specified TEMP features (movement and muscle activity, posture and balance, fine motor movements and dexterity, breathing control, head and facial movement, movement intention, tempo processing, ptich recognition, and cognitive engagement), assessing their feasibility and limitations. Our analysis highlights current gaps and provides a foundation for future development of BCI-supported musical training systems to support high-performance instrumental practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Assistive Technologies)
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10 pages, 194 KiB  
Article
“I Wanna See It Boil”: Satire as Eco-Political Performance in Talking Heads’s “(Nothing But) Flowers” (1988) and Anohni’s “4 Degrees” (2015)
by Håvard Haugland Bamle
Arts 2025, 14(4), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/arts14040096 - 15 Aug 2025
Viewed by 234
Abstract
This article examines the use of satire in the song lyrics of two eco-themed pop songs: Talking Heads’s “(Nothing but) Flowers” (1988) and Anohni’s “4 Degrees” (2015). A close listening approach to these songs reveals ironic discrepancies between the experience produced by musical [...] Read more.
This article examines the use of satire in the song lyrics of two eco-themed pop songs: Talking Heads’s “(Nothing but) Flowers” (1988) and Anohni’s “4 Degrees” (2015). A close listening approach to these songs reveals ironic discrepancies between the experience produced by musical performance and the sentiments expressed in the song lyrics. A rhetorical framework informs how an examination of such discrepancies may enable new perceptions of the environmental theme to come to mind through what Charles A. Knight calls a satiric “frame of mind”. The satire in these songs not only targets attitudes to convey a moral judgment on them but also provokes audiences to undertake the task of self-examination. If successful, satire in popular song lyrics can contribute to the reconfiguration of listeners’ perceptions of the relationship between humans and nonhuman nature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Creating Musical Experiences)
16 pages, 1072 KiB  
Article
ωk MUSIC Algorithm for Subsurface Target Localization
by Antonio Cuccaro, Angela Dell’Aversano, Maria Antonia Maisto, Rosa Scapaticci, Adriana Brancaccio and Raffaele Solimene
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(16), 2838; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17162838 - 15 Aug 2025
Viewed by 144
Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of subsurface target localization from single-snapshot multimonostatic and multifrequency radar measurements. In this context, the use of subspace projection methods—known for their super-resolution capabilities—is hindered by the rank deficiency of the data correlation matrix and the lack of [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the problem of subsurface target localization from single-snapshot multimonostatic and multifrequency radar measurements. In this context, the use of subspace projection methods—known for their super-resolution capabilities—is hindered by the rank deficiency of the data correlation matrix and the lack of a Vandermonde structure, especially in near-field configurations and layered media. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel pre-processing strategy that transforms the measured data into the ωk domain, thereby restoring the structural conditions required for subspace-based detection. The resulting algorithm, referred to as ωk MUSIC, enables the application of subspace projection techniques in scenarios where traditional smoothing procedures are not viable. Numerical experiments in a 2-D scalar configuration demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of resolution and robustness under various noise conditions. A Monte Carlo simulation study is also included to provide a quantitative assessment of localization accuracy. Comparisons with conventional migration imaging highlight the superior performance of the proposed approach. Full article
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12 pages, 1171 KiB  
Article
Is Pupil Response to Speech and Music in Toddlers with Cochlear Implants Asymmetric?
by Amanda Saksida, Marta Fantoni, Sara Ghiselli and Eva Orzan
Audiol. Res. 2025, 15(4), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres15040108 - 14 Aug 2025
Viewed by 114
Abstract
Background: Ear advantage (EA) reflects hemispheric asymmetries in auditory processing. While a right-ear advantage (REA) for speech and a left-ear advantage (LEA) for music are well documented in typically developing individuals, it is unclear how these patterns manifest in young children with cochlear [...] Read more.
Background: Ear advantage (EA) reflects hemispheric asymmetries in auditory processing. While a right-ear advantage (REA) for speech and a left-ear advantage (LEA) for music are well documented in typically developing individuals, it is unclear how these patterns manifest in young children with cochlear implants (CIs). This study investigated whether pupillometry could reveal asymmetric listening efforts in toddlers with bilateral CIs when listening to speech and music under monaural stimulation. Methods: Thirteen toddlers (mean age = 36.2 months) with early bilateral CIs participated. Pupillary responses were recorded during passive listening to speech and music stimuli, presented in quiet or with background noise. Each child was tested twice, once with only the left CI active and once with only the right CI active. Linear mixed-effects models assessed the influence of session (left/right CI), signal type (speech/music), and background noise. Results: A significant interaction between session and signal type was observed (p = 0.047). Speech elicited larger pupil sizes when processed through the left CI, while music showed no significant lateralized effects. Age and speech therapy frequency moderated pupil responses in speech and music trials, respectively. Conclusions: Pupillometry reveals subtle asymmetric listening effort in young CI users depending on the listening ear, suggesting early emerging functional lateralization despite sensory deprivation and device-mediated hearing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Hearing)
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10 pages, 909 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Incorporating Animation Films into Moral Education for College Students: A Case Study of the Chinese Animated Film Three Monks 
by Hongguang Zhao, Xin Kang, Xiaochen Guo and Xin-Zhu Li
Eng. Proc. 2025, 103(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025103015 - 13 Aug 2025
Viewed by 262
Abstract
This study aims to explore the values of character education in the Chinese animated film Three Monks. This film serves as a teaching tool, not only imparting animation principles to university students majoring in animation but also showcasing Chinese cultural philosophy and [...] Read more.
This study aims to explore the values of character education in the Chinese animated film Three Monks. This film serves as a teaching tool, not only imparting animation principles to university students majoring in animation but also showcasing Chinese cultural philosophy and educational values in implicit, exaggerated, and humorous action design. We employed a descriptive qualitative method. A total of 73 college students majoring in animation watched the film without any prior explanation of animation principles and moral education and then listened to detailed explanations of the character education and animation principles integrated into the film. Through repeated viewing, analysis, and summarization of the storyline, character behaviors, and action design in Three Monks, the values of character education, such as religion, kindness, diligence, independence, responsibility, tolerance, self-reflection, unity and cooperation, and courage to innovate, were embodied. These values are manifested through the film’s storyline, conflicts, character actions, animated performances, and background music. We compared the students’ pre- and post-viewing attitudes based on their discussions, reflections, and course evaluations. The results revealed that conveying moral values through animated films internalized and transmitted character education among university students, shaping cultural identity and social norms. This approach enhanced students’ learning engagement and improved their learning efficiency. Full article
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17 pages, 801 KiB  
Article
When Words Become Voice: Intermedial Storytelling and Identity in the Georgian Folk Tale Master and Pupil
by Gül Mükerrem Öztürk
Arts 2025, 14(4), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/arts14040094 - 12 Aug 2025
Viewed by 222
Abstract
This article closely examines the Georgian folk tale Master and Pupil, focusing on the intermedial transformation of its sequential narrative structure as an instance of oral storytelling. The tale is analyzed within the broader discourses of performativity, voice, and narrative subjectivity through [...] Read more.
This article closely examines the Georgian folk tale Master and Pupil, focusing on the intermedial transformation of its sequential narrative structure as an instance of oral storytelling. The tale is analyzed within the broader discourses of performativity, voice, and narrative subjectivity through the lenses of performance theory, media formalism, and the Aarne–Thompson–Uther (ATU) classification system (Type 325). The study reveals a transition in the tale from silence to vocal authority; here, voice functions not only as a means of communication but also as a vehicle for resistance, transformation, and the negotiation of identity. Master and Pupil emerges, beyond a magical apprenticeship narrative, as a multilayered performance of disembodiment and symbolic transmission through an intermedial perspective; in this context, musicality and vocality operate as liminal forces. The pupil’s acquisition of voice signifies both a narrative rupture and a restructuring of hierarchical relations. Furthermore, the article situates the tale within the broader matrix of the Georgian oral storytelling tradition, demonstrating how recurring motifs surrounding the transformation of voice reflect culturally embedded patterns of media convergence and embodied knowledge. By foregrounding the tale’s intermedial dynamics, this study reframes folk tales as a fluid site of aesthetic, cultural, and epistemic negotiations. Full article
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21 pages, 371 KiB  
Article
Literarinesses—A Bag of Three-Sided Coins
by Christine A. Knoop and Stefan Blohm
Literature 2025, 5(3), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/literature5030021 - 12 Aug 2025
Viewed by 107
Abstract
The theoretical question of what makes texts “literary” has a long tradition in literary studies. At the level of concrete individual encounters/transactions between readers and texts, literariness has been shown to reflect how actual readers pre-categorize, approach, and process texts. Literariness has been [...] Read more.
The theoretical question of what makes texts “literary” has a long tradition in literary studies. At the level of concrete individual encounters/transactions between readers and texts, literariness has been shown to reflect how actual readers pre-categorize, approach, and process texts. Literariness has been approached from three different angles: the study of formal and semantic features of literary language, which dates back to the formalist beginnings of the concept; the study of literary reading modes and the generalized literary categories in which they are grounded; and the study of actual reading experiences. We argue (1) that these three aspects are mutually dependent and, in fact, constitute three sides of the same coin and (2) that different texts and genres instantiate distinct literariness profiles, that is, distinct ‘literarinesses’ in the mind of the reader—what makes a text literary differs between text types. Building on previous work in linguistics, literary studies, psychology, and stylistics, we discuss the cognitive implications of these two central claims for the reader. We also integrate our approach with extant research on genre-specific profiles and develop a set of ideas for future research in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Literary Experiments with Cognition)
17 pages, 253 KiB  
Article
Countering Colonial Memory Through Public and Popular Culture in Cape Town
by Jody Metcalfe
Genealogy 2025, 9(3), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy9030078 - 12 Aug 2025
Viewed by 403
Abstract
Historical legacies of enslavement and apartheid structural violence underpin the societal fabric of Cape Town. Walking through the city of Cape Town, colonial reminders and bastions of white supremacy remain evident in statues, street names and the continued spatial apartheid present in the [...] Read more.
Historical legacies of enslavement and apartheid structural violence underpin the societal fabric of Cape Town. Walking through the city of Cape Town, colonial reminders and bastions of white supremacy remain evident in statues, street names and the continued spatial apartheid present in the public space. Sites of intergenerational trauma remain scattered through the city, retraced and reclaimed through the efforts of community members, activists, artists and museums. This paper focuses on how race and memory are represented, resisted and challenged within popular culture in Cape Town, South Africa. Through considering museums and music as sites of public memory, this paper highlights how collective memory is being constructed in post-apartheid South Africa in ways that challenge white supremacist and colonial memory. Focusing on two case studies, the Iziko Slave Lodge and Youngsta CPT’s song YVR, this paper shows how colonial and apartheid conceptualisations of race are constantly being contested in post-apartheid popular culture to resist colonial memory and recreate new public memories. Full article
33 pages, 2137 KiB  
Article
Machiavellianism, Lying, and Motivation as Predictors of Academic Performance in Romanian Engineering Students
by Mihaela Laura Bratu, Liviu Ion Rosca and Nicolae Alexandru Rosca
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 1028; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15081028 - 11 Aug 2025
Viewed by 165
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between academic motivation, Machiavellian traits, and lying tendencies among Romanian engineering students, with a focus on how these psychological variables influence academic performance. Data were collected from 706 students using the MUSIC Model of Motivation, the Machiavellianism Scale, [...] Read more.
This study explores the relationship between academic motivation, Machiavellian traits, and lying tendencies among Romanian engineering students, with a focus on how these psychological variables influence academic performance. Data were collected from 706 students using the MUSIC Model of Motivation, the Machiavellianism Scale, and the Lie Attitude Questionnaire. Statistical analysis included Spearman correlations, regression models, and moderation analysis using PROCESS Macro (Model 7). The results showed significant negative correlations between Machiavellianism and all five motivational dimensions (e.g., ρ = −0.259 for Empowerment, p < 0.001), as well as between lying tendencies and motivation (e.g., ρ = −0.206 for Empowerment, p < 0.001). Surprisingly, Machiavellianism had a positive effect on academic grades (β = 0.107, p = 0.043), suggesting strategic academic behavior. Motivation was a stronger predictor of performance among female students. These findings highlight the importance of promoting ethical, intrinsic motivation in university settings and call for thoughtful integration of behavioral variables into academic success models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Higher Education)
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