Search Results (37,761)

In China, the substantial gap between domestic soybean supply and growing consumption necessitates large-scale soybean imports. The use of cultivated soybean (Glycine max) leaves as feed for the edible insect Clanis bilineata tsingtauica reduces crop yield, posing a threat to national soybean production security. To address this issue, this study evaluated wild soybean (Glycine soja) as a potential alternative feed source. Comparative analyses examined the nutritional and anti-nutritional properties of G. max (cv. Qihuang34) and a laboratory-preserved G. soja germplasm, together with their effects on larval growth performance, nutritional composition, and associated microbiota. G. soja leaves exhibited significantly higher crude fat (5.61% vs. 2.17%), ash (11.07% vs. 9.62%), neutral detergent fiber (23.75% vs. 21.00%), calcium (4.05 g/kg vs. 3.41 g/kg), and phosphorus (2.52 g/kg vs. 2.38 g/kg) than G. max leaves, along with lower trypsin inhibitor levels (p < 0.01) despite higher phytic acid content (p < 0.05). Fifth-instar larvae reared on G. soja leaves showed a 12.9% greater body weight (6.846 g vs. 6.066 g), higher crude protein (672.14 g/kg vs. 555.02 g/kg), total soluble sugar (21.27 mg/g vs. 8.96 mg/g), and soluble protein (26.35 mg/g vs. 24.71 mg/g), but lower crude fat (187.44 g/kg vs. 205.82 g/kg, p < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing revealed distinct phyllosphere microbial communities, with G. soja enriched in diverse taxa (e.g., Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria) and G. max dominated by Firmicutes. Corresponding differences were observed in larval gut microbiota, and positive correlations suggested potential microbial transfer from G. soja leaves to larval guts. Overall, G. soja represents a promising alternative feed source for C. bilineata, reducing competition with soybean grain production and supporting sustainable insect farming. Full article

Background/Objectives: Medication errors remain a patient safety concern in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), mainly due to multiple dilution steps, a lack of standardized preparation instructions, and the frequent use of high-alert medications. While standard concentrations (SCs) for intravenous (iv) medication are recommended internationally, a national standard is missing for NICUs in Germany. The aim of this study was to evaluate a proposal for a national list of standardized iv medication concentrations to be used in German NICUs. Methods: In collaboration with the German Society for Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (GNPI) and the Federal Association of German Hospital Pharmacists (ADKA), a multiprofessional expert team, including experts from the medication safety initiatives TELE-KASPER and Kinderformularium.DE and affiliated with seven German university hospitals, evaluated SCs for infusion medication administered to infants weighing 500 g to 5 kg. The evaluation process was based on international SCs lists, clinical practice, stability data, and handling aspects. Medication used in at least four of the seven hospitals was shortlisted. In the first round of the consensus process, an online survey submitted to the German Level-1 NICUs (n = 165) and their affiliated hospital pharmacies identified preferred SCs. In the second round of the consensus process, the expert team further evaluated the results of the survey. Results: The survey response rate was 52%. The consensus process resulted in a list encompassing 50 iv medications and 80 appropriate SCs. Ancillary information on preparation, stability, osmolarity, pH, and practical administration was added. Conclusions: The proposed SCs for infusion medication used in NICUs have the potential to reduce medication errors, simplify electronic prescribing, and improve workflow efficiency. Implementation aligns with international patient safety initiatives to improve medication safety in pediatric patients. Full article

The physicochemical properties of starch in high-quality hybrid indica rice (HQR) varieties that have received the National High-Quality Rice Gold Award are not well characterized. Ten HQR and two ordinary-quality indica rice (OQR) varieties were selected for this study. All varieties were identically cultivated under late-season conditions in southern China and were subsequently analyzed for differences in taste-related attributes, amylopectin fine structure, and functional properties. Compared with OQR varieties, HQR varieties exhibited a distinct starch profile: lower amylose (16.6–20.2%) but higher amylopectin content (62.6–65.0%), a greater proportion of small and medium starch granules, and a higher ratio of A and B1 chains in amylopectin (with few exceptions). Functionally, HQR varieties showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher gel consistency, solubility, and swelling power, along with higher breakdown but lower setback. They also generally exhibited higher crystallinity and gelatinization enthalpy, alongside a softer texture. Notably, the functional properties showed strong correlations (p < 0.05) with most taste-related attributes and amylopectin fine structures across all varieties. These findings provide critical guidance for future breeding programs aimed at improving the quality of indica rice and developing new elite HQR varieties. Full article

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into healthcare systems, with important implications for nursing practice and clinical workflows. However, evidence regarding nurses’ digital skills, perceptions, and readiness to adopt AI-enabled technologies remains limited, particularly in national healthcare contexts such as Greece. Objectives: This study examined nurses’ digital skills, perceptions of AI, and readiness for AI adoption in clinical practice, and explored demographic and professional factors associated with these outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 166 nurses working in two public hospitals in Greece. Results: Nurses reported moderate digital skills, with 59.1% indicating competence in email/video communication and 27.2% reporting adequate use of digital security tools, while exposure to AI remained limited (18.0% reported using AI products/services in daily life). Perceived professional impact of AI was moderate, whereas readiness for AI adoption was comparatively lower, with only 7.8% considering health professionals adequately prepared and 7.2% reporting adequate AI training. Statistical analyses indicated that educational level and computer literacy certification were positively associated with digital skills, whereas longer professional experience was negatively associated with readiness for AI adoption. Conclusions: These findings highlight a gap between general digital competence and preparedness for AI-driven healthcare applications and underline the need for targeted education and implementation strategies to support effective and ethical integration of AI in nursing practice. From a nursing workforce perspective, the results underscore the importance of integrating AI literacy into continuing professional education and aligning digital health implementation strategies with clinical nursing practice. Full article

This study illuminates fundamental questions in behavioral science through advanced machine learning methodologies applied to large-scale public opinion data. Drawing on Kahneman and Tversky’s dual-process theory and Sunstein’s nudge architecture, we employ hierarchical unsupervised clustering and supervised predictive models to detect cognitive biases—loss aversion, availability heuristic, and partisan motivated reasoning—embedded within a nationally representative survey of 5022 American respondents. Our primary methodological contribution is a hierarchical two-stage clustering framework that uncovers latent opinion structures without imposing a priori partisan categories, permitting discovery of cross-cutting cleavages invisible to conventional survey analysis. Three principal findings emerge: (1) loss aversion is empirically confirmed in prospective economic perception, with pessimists outnumbering optimists at a 1.14:1 ratio even among respondents rating current conditions positively; (2) partisan motivated reasoning produces a 13.15 percentage-point perception gap among individuals with identical financial circumstances; and (3) multi-platform digital engagement is associated with reduced partisan bias, providing evidence that challenges simple echo chamber assumptions. Crime safety perception emerges as the strongest predictor of economic bias, surpassing party affiliation, and substantiating availability heuristic dominance in political cognition. These findings carry implications for democratic accountability, platform governance, and the ethics of AI-augmented behavioral analysis in an era of affective polarization. Full article

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) are among the most common urological complaints in older men, frequently arising from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer (PCa). While both conditions share overlapping symptomatology, the way each condition progresses and is managed differs considerably. In sub-Saharan Africa, data on the relative burden of BPH and PCa among men presenting with LUTSs are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of histologically confirmed BPH and PCa among men presenting with LUTSs at a major tertiary referral center in Tanzania and to explore the association between specific urinary symptoms and histopathological diagnoses. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, reviewing medical records of adult male patients aged ≥50 years who presented with LUTSs and underwent prostatic biopsy between January and December 2023. A total of 133 patients were included through simple random sampling from an eligible population of 260. Data on demographics, comorbidities, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, and histopathological biopsy outcomes were extracted using a purpose-built digital form. This study was conducted in compliance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Results: Most patients (39.8%) were aged 70 to 79 years. Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity among those with chronic disease (31.65%), followed by diabetes mellitus (12.03%). The mean serum PSA was 465.1 ng/mL (SD = 1610.1), and the mean prostate volume was 80.6 cm³ (SD = 75.6). Histopathologically, 57.9% of biopsies were benign and 40.6% were malignant. The most commonly reported IPSS symptoms were urinary frequency (78.2%), weak stream (78.2%), and incomplete emptying (64.7%). Most patients (59.4%) had severe IPSSs. Statistically significant associations were observed between biopsy outcomes and incomplete emptying (p = 0.011), frequency (p = 0.014), weak stream (p = 0.022), nocturia (p = 0.001), urge incontinence (p = 0.004), and post-void dribbling (p < 0.001). IPSS severity was significantly associated with biopsy diagnosis (p < 0.001), with 63% of malignant cases presenting with moderate symptom scores. Conclusions: BPH was the predominant histopathological diagnosis among men presenting with LUTSs at this tertiary center, while prostate cancer accounted for a substantial minority of cases. Certain individual LUTSs, particularly nocturia, urge incontinence, and post-void dribbling, demonstrated significant associations with malignant histopathology. These findings underscore the necessity for systematic histopathological evaluation in all men presenting with LUTSs in resource-limited settings, irrespective of symptom severity. Full article

Antimony is a critical metal for future industries, energy, and national defense. China was once the world’s largest exporter of antimony ore. However, in recent years, China’s antimony ore production has declined, driving profound transformations and restructuring in the global antimony trade landscape. This study integrates industry analysis with complex network topology methods, applying industrial concentration indices, oligopoly indices, and network topology indicators to global antimony trade data from 1994 to 2024 to analyze the evolution of China’s trade position and competitive edge. The findings reveal that the global antimony trade operates as an oligopolistic market. Although China’s resource-endowment advantage is diminishing, it retains a strong position in downstream, high-value-added segments. China’s competitive edge has shifted from resource exports to processed product exports, demonstrating an evolutionary pattern of “continued strength downstream and gradual weakening mid- to upstream.” By combining industry analysis and network topology, this study offers a novel perspective for assessing competitive edges in critical metals and provides scientific references for resource-rich countries in governing their advantageous mineral resources and formulating related policies. Full article

In Latin America, sustainable commitments towards decarbonizing hard-to-abate industrial sectors have identified hydrogen (H2) as a key enabler for the energy transition. This study develops a policy analytical framework to enhance the green H2 economy, using Argentina as the central case study. Key insights from this study include identifying often-overlooked social challenges within the H2 economy and proposing the integration of social indicators into policy design, with a particular focus on the territorial dynamics of Patagonia, labor conditions, Indigenous participation, governance, and community impacts. Drawing from Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) guideline standards and H2 justice approach, this study highlights key social hotspots that existing S-LCA tools overlook due to their lack of specific focus on regional territories and their communities. The analysis combines six social impact categories, namely, human rights, working conditions, health and safety, cultural heritage, governance, and socio-economic repercussions as recommended by the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), analyzed at three levels, and complemented by the H2 justice approach for Argentina’s potential green H2 production sector. These policy recommendations aim to foster a more resilient and sustainable development of the green H2 industry. Full article

Universities are increasingly expected to bridge the gap between higher education, skills development, and graduate employability, yet evidence-based approaches to curriculum–labour market alignment remain limited in Communication Studies. This study examines which ESCO-mapped occupational profiles and transversal competencies are represented in official curricula of leading Spanish Communication programmes (RQ1), how demand for communication-related occupations evolved in Spain over 2018–2023 (RQ2), and where the most salient alignment gaps emerge to inform curriculum redesign (RQ3). We used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design combining documentary analysis of programme verification reports and national disciplinary documentation, an ESCO-based mapping of curricular profiles, and labour-market intelligence from 2,701,503 job postings (2018–2023) mapped to ESCO to analyse demand dynamics, volatility, and skill patterns. Results show strong curricular convergence around a shared core of ESCO profiles (71.8% of identified codes shared across institutions) alongside institution-specific specialisations (28.2%). Labour demand fluctuated markedly across the period and exhibited heterogeneous volatility by occupation, and transversal competency patterns differed significantly across professional groupings, supporting segment-specific interpretations of alignment and mismatch. Overall, ESCO combined with job-posting analytics provides a replicable framework for continuous curriculum calibration and employability-oriented programme redesign, particularly for hybrid profiles that integrate technical, analytical, relational, and ethically grounded capabilities. Full article

This study aimed to estimate dietary exposure to aflatoxins (AFs) and characterize its associated risks through the consumption of dried fruits and chocolates among the adult population of Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia. Asflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and total AFs were determined using HPLC in 10 composite samples of widely consumed dried fruits and chocolates, prepared by pooling 100 individual sub-samples into 5 dried fruits and 5 chocolate composites. Individual consumption data were obtained via food frequency questionnaires and were stratified by consumer groups and percentiles. Exposure scenarios (lower-, middle-, upper-bound and detected mean) were applied, and risk was assessed using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach with a BMDL₁₀ of 0.4 μg/kg bw/day. The study findings revealed that dried fruits had higher contamination levels (detected mean content of 10 μg/kg AFB1, 15 μg/kg total AFs) compared to chocolates (detected mean content of 0.5 μg/kg AFB1, and 0.9 μg/kg total AFs), resulting in lower MOE values despite smaller consumption quantities. Detectable AFs in dried fruits from open (street) markets exceeded the EU maximum limits, while Armenia currently lacks national regulatory limits for these products. MOEs were below 10,000 for most consumption groups, indicating a potential public health concern. This research emphasizes the urgent need for continuous monitoring and the establishment of harmonized national regulatory limits for AFs in dried fruits. Full article

A system of initial teacher education must incorporate instruments capable of capturing the complexity of professional learning. In this context, national diagnostic assessments have become central mechanisms for monitoring outcomes in initial teacher education. This study examines student performance in Initial Teacher Education in Physical Education (ITEPE) programs using the themes assessed by the National Diagnostic Assessment (NDA) 2024, comparing achievement levels and analyzing differences according to the type of higher education institution in Chile. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and comparative design was employed, using official data from 1102 students enrolled in all Chilean universities offering the program. Descriptive and nonparametric inferential analyses were conducted to examine differences by sex and type of institution. The results show relatively homogeneous performance across standards, with higher percentages of achievement in dimensions related to didactic organization and assessment, and lower results in the standard associated with understanding student characteristics. Although statistically significant differences were identified according to administrative dependency, the effect sizes were small. Consequently, the NDA is positioned as a formative input to guide contextualized curricular improvements rather than as a mechanism for institutional ranking. Full article

Background/Objectives: Critical limits define quantitative thresholds for life-threatening diagnostic test results that require immediate clinician notification and may prompt urgent intervention to prevent adverse outcomes. This study aims to (1) characterize point-of-care (POC) critical limits for adults and newborns using a comprehensive U.S. national database, (2) identify POC instruments associated with these limits, and (3) support harmonization of point-of-care testing (POCT) practices. Methods: We gathered critical limit notification lists from 417 hospitals across all 50 states and Washington D.C., comprising university hospitals, trauma and heart centers, centers of excellence, community hospitals, and network hospitals. We extracted POC and central laboratory critical limits (at hospitals with POC), adult international normalized ratio (INR) data, and instrument usage. Results: Low and high glucose critical limits were the most frequently listed POC thresholds, with median values of 50 and 450 mg/dL, respectively, reported by 73 hospitals (17.5%). Troponin was listed by ten hospitals, specified as troponin (n = 4), troponin I (n = 5), or “troponin TnI” (n = 1). A few hospitals assigned instrument-specific critical limits for the same analyte, and 55 hospitals did not specify instrument usage for any measurand. Median differences in matched pairs of laboratory versus POC critical limits differed significantly (Wilcoxon signed-rank, p < 0.05) for low and high ionized calcium (n = 21), low hemoglobin (n = 23) and high INR critical limits for adults (n = 27) and newborns (n = 10). In some cases, matched pair analytes demonstrated identical critical limits. Conclusions: Harmonizing critical limit notification thresholds across point-of-care testing and different devices may improve consistency in clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. Despite the potential of POCT to shorten time to urgent intervention, relatively few hospitals currently include POCT critical limits on notification lists. Establishing standards, annual updating, and enforcing risk mitigation could enhance adoption and reliability. Broader inclusion and transparent sharing of POCT critical values could harmonize practices across institutions, facilitate inter-institutional collaboration, and promote more timely and reliable responses to life-threatening diagnostic results. Full article

The Basel Accords refer to a series of international banking regulatory frameworks developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision to strengthen the stability and resilience of the global banking system. Introduced as Basel I, Basel II, and Basel III, these accords establish minimum capital requirements, risk management standards, and supervisory principles for internationally active banks. Their primary purpose is to reduce the risk of bank failure, promote financial stability, and enhance consistency in banking regulation across jurisdictions. The Basel III framework and its 2017 Final Reforms represent the most advanced stage of this regulatory evolution, addressing weaknesses revealed by the global financial crisis and subsequent regulatory experience. Banking institutions play a central role in economic development, making their stability essential. The global financial crisis that began in 2007 exposed significant weaknesses in existing regulatory frameworks and led to the failure of several major banks, despite the earlier establishment of Basel I and Basel II by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. These shortcomings prompted the development of the Basel III framework as a direct response to the crisis. However, early criticisms of the initial Basel III Accord, particularly regarding variability in risk-weighted assets, reliance on internal models, and opportunities for regulatory arbitrage, led the Basel Committee to issue the Basel III Final Reforms in 2017, which represented a substantial upgrade to the post-crisis regulatory architecture. This study reviews the evolution of the Basel Accords; examines the key components of Basel I, Basel II, and Basel III; and analyses the enhancements introduced through the Basel III Final Reforms. It also considers the major arguments and criticisms surrounding these accords, highlighting the persistent challenges of achieving global regulatory consistency. Given the inability of earlier Basel frameworks to prevent bank failures and the fact that many jurisdictions have yet to fully implement the 2017 reforms, the paper underscores the need for ongoing evaluation of international banking regulation as national authorities adapt and refine their supervisory approaches to strengthen financial stability. Full article

Climate change disproportionately threatens low- and middle-income countries, yet integrated assessments combining socio-economic fragility with physical hazards remain limited. This study quantifies multi-dimensional climate vulnerability and derives optimized adaptation policies for six representative nations (Bangladesh, Colombia, Kenya, Morocco, Pakistan, Vietnam) by fusing socio-economic indicators with climate risk data (2000–2024). A computational framework integrating unsupervised learning, dimensionality reduction, and predictive modeling was employed. Principal Component Analysis synthesized eight indicators into a Compound Vulnerability Score (CVS), while K-Means and DBSCAN identified distinct vulnerability regimes. XGBoost quantified driver importance, and Graph Neural Networks captured systemic interconnections. XGBoost identified projected drought risk (31.2%), precipitation change (18.1%), and poverty headcount (14.3%) as primary drivers. Graph networks demonstrated significant risk amplification in African nations (Morocco SRS: 0.728–0.874; Kenya SRS: 0.504–0.641) versus damping in Asian countries. A Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent was trained using Deep Q-Networks with experience replay to optimize intervention portfolios under budget constraints. The RL policy achieved a 23% reduction in systemic risk compared to uniform allocation baselines, generating context-specific priorities: drought management for Morocco (score 50) and Pakistan (40); poverty alleviation for Kenya (40); coastal protection for Bangladesh (40); agricultural resilience for Vietnam (35); and institutional capacity building for Colombia (50). In conclusion, socio-economic fragility non-linearly amplifies climate hazards, with poverty and drought risk constituting critical vulnerability multipliers. The AI-driven framework demonstrates that targeted interventions in high-sensitivity systems maximize systemic risk reduction. This integrated approach provides a replicable, evidence-based foundation for strategic adaptation finance allocation in an increasingly uncertain climate future. Full article