Search Results (911)

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonists have displayed anti-neoplastic activity against a multitude of cancers in vitro, as well as in vivo, via xenografted tumors in nude mice. Following a successful demonstration of GHRH antagonists treating non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and the discovery of GHRH mRNA and peptide products in immune cells, GHRH antagonism was explored in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a disease characterized by a malignant expansion of immature myeloid progenitors, and poor 5-year survival. Targeted therapies have yielded breakthroughs in treatment response and overall survival, such as all-trans retinoic acid/arsenic trioxide (ATRA/ATO) for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), or FLT3 inhibitors, IDH inhibitors, and menin inhibitors for AML harboring actionable genetic lesions. However, therapeutic resistance remains a major barrier to durable remission. GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) has been reported in several experimental models of AML, including drug-resistant sublines. Significant time- and dose-dependent reduction in leukemic growth was observed in vitro and in vivo following MIA-602 treatment. FLT3 inhibitor resistance has been associated with activation of PI3K/AKT, ERK/MAPK, inflammatory, stromal, and apoptotic escape pathways. The documented effects of GHRH-R antagonism raise the possibility that it could influence signaling networks relevant to therapeutic resistance in AML. This hypothesis remains speculative; to date no studies have stratified AML by FLT3 status in the context of GHRH-R expression or GHRH antagonism, and there is currently no evidence that MIA-602 directly alters FLT3 receptor signaling or inhibitor sensitivity. Full article

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite advances in immunochemotherapy, approximately 30–40% of patients experience relapsed or refractory disease. Nutritional and inflammatory status, reflected by composite indices, may independently influence clinical outcomes. However, the prognostic value of the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and Hemoglobin-Albumin-Lymphocyte-Platelet (HALP) score has not been well established in DLBCL patients treated with rituximab-based regimens. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 192 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL who received at least three cycles of R-CHOP or R-EPOCH at Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital between January 2020 and January 2026. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine optimal cutoff values. Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank testing and univariable/multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of the PNI, GNRI, and HALP on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Among the six indices evaluated (PNI, GNRI, HALP, SII, ALI, and CAR), the PNI demonstrated the highest discriminatory ability for OS (AUC = 0.734, p = 0.001), followed by the HALP (AUC = 0.671, p = 0.020) and GNRI (AUC = 0.668, p = 0.022). The optimal cutoff values were ≤46.45 for the PNI, ≤46.91 for the GNRI, and ≤223.95 for HALP. Low values of all three indices were significantly associated with elevated LDH levels, advanced Ann Arbor stage, and higher IPI category. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated significantly inferior OS in the low PNI (52.8 ± 2.6 vs. 67.1 ± 1.2 months, p = 0.001), low GNRI (49.5 ± 3.1 vs. 66.0 ± 1.4 months, p = 0.001), and low HALP (58.8 ± 2.8 vs. 64.9 ± 1.2 months, p = 0.005) groups. In separate multivariable Cox models adjusted for sex and IPI, the PNI (HR = 0.216, p = 0.009), HALP (HR = 0.276, p = 0.031), and GNRI (HR = 0.294, p = 0.011) remained independently associated with OS. No significant association was observed between these indices and PFS. Conclusions: The PNI, GNRI, and HALP are independent prognostic markers in patients with DLBCL treated with rituximab-based regimens. These readily available and inexpensive baseline indices may complement the IPI in identifying patients at higher risk of adverse outcomes and support risk stratification at diagnosis. Full article

Radiometabolic therapy is a mechanistically plausible but clinically underused strategy in lymphoma. Its rationale is based on the selective delivery of cytotoxic radiation to malignant lymphoid cells through antibodies, peptides, or small molecules directed against tumor-associated targets. Radioimmunotherapy with anti-CD20 agents, including 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan and 131I-tositumomab, demonstrated meaningful efficacy in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly in indolent and relapsed/refractory settings. However, despite encouraging clinical results, its use progressively declined because of logistical, regulatory, commercial, and multidisciplinary barriers. More recently, renewed interest has emerged with the development of novel antibody–radionuclide conjugates and radioligand-based theranostic strategies targeting CD22, CD37, CD45, and CXCR4. Among these, CXCR4-directed imaging and therapy with 68Ga-pentixafor and 177Lu/90Y-pentixather illustrate image-guided patient selection and targeted radionuclide treatment in advanced hematologic malignancies. This narrative review summarizes evidence retrieved from Scopus and PubMed on radiometabolic therapy in lymphoma, with particular attention paid to established radioimmunotherapy, emerging targets, radioligand therapy, dosimetry, toxicity, and combination strategies with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Available evidence supports the plausibility and possible clinical utility of these approaches, but remains heterogeneous and, for several newer targets, preliminary. Future development will require prospective trials, standardized imaging-based selection, individualized dosimetry, and integration within multidisciplinary lymphoma treatment pathways. Full article

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders arising from mature T-cells and account for approximately 10% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) is the most common subtype and is considered a diagnosis of exclusion after other PTCL subtypes have been ruled out. Therefore, PTCL-NOS exhibits extreme heterogeneity in its morphologic features, molecular characteristics, and clinical manifestations. Prognosis in PTCL is dismal with a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 20–30%. Diagnosis can be challenging, and efforts to improve risk stratification and optimize therapeutic management continue to evolve. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the understanding of the epidemiology, classification, histopathology, diagnosis, and management of PTCL-NOS. We discuss emerging therapeutic options and future directions aimed at improving outcomes for this aggressive disease. Full article

Lymphoid neoplasms such as multiple myeloma (MM), indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are increasingly managed as chronic, relapsing conditions characterized by prolonged surveillance, repeated treatment transitions, and cumulative self-management demands. These trajectories expose patients and caregivers to persistent illness uncertainty, fluctuating fear of progression, symptom and comorbidity burden, communication challenges, and treatment-related workload. This theory-informed framework development paper uses an overview of selected psycho-oncological, hematological, nursing, theoretical, and patient-reported outcome literature to propose the LUMINA framework: Longitudinal illness trajectory, Uncertainty fields, Multidimensional symptom and comorbidity load, Information and interaction context, Navigation work and self-management load, and Adaptive outcomes and alignment. LUMINA is intended as a hypothesis-generating conceptual structure to organize clinically relevant domains, clarify potential relationships among uncertainty, symptom burden, communication, navigation work, and adaptive outcomes, and guide future assessment, validation, and intervention research in chronic lymphoid neoplasms. The framework builds on prior theories of illness uncertainty, treatment burden, workload–capacity balance, fear of recurrence/progression, and lymphoma-specific qualitative work on uncertainty management and psychosocial adaptation. Potential research applications include structured assessment, shared decision-making research, and domain-matched supportive-care concepts; however, these applications remain theoretical and require empirical testing. Future studies should evaluate feasibility, acceptability, construct validity, domain overlap, predictive validity beyond quality of life, and the clinical utility of LUMINA-informed research profiles. Until such validation is available, LUMINA should be interpreted as a conceptual model rather than a validated clinical tool or care pathway. Full article

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) encompasses a biologically diverse group of malignancies for which the integration of precision medicine has markedly reshaped therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in molecular profiling, target identification, and drug development have led to the introduction of highly selective agents capable of overcoming resistance mechanisms and improving outcomes in relapsed or refractory disease. This review highlights three targeted therapies—pirtobrutinib, brentuximab vedotin, and belinostat—and their evolving roles in modern NHL management. Pirtobrutinib, a next-generation, non-covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, demonstrates preserved activity in patients previously treated with covalent BTK inhibitors (BTKi), addressing a critical unmet need in B-cell lymphomas. Brentuximab vedotin, an antibody–drug conjugate targeting CD30, has significantly improved therapeutic precision by delivering cytotoxic agents directly to lymphoma cells and has become a central component of treatment for CD30-expressing NHL subtypes. Belinostat, a broad-spectrum histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, offers a mechanistically distinct epigenetic approach, particularly in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), where conventional chemotherapy has limited efficacy. Together, these agents exemplify three complementary paradigms of precision oncology in NHL: kinase signaling inhibition, antigen-directed cytotoxic delivery, and epigenetic modulation. This review synthesizes current evidence, clinical trial data, and future perspectives regarding the integration of pirtobrutinib, brentuximab vedotin, and belinostat into evolving treatment paradigms. Cumulatively, these therapies illustrate both the progress and the ongoing challenges of biomarker-driven treatment in NHL, including resistance mechanisms, toxicity management, optimal therapeutic sequencing, and variability in evidence maturity across targeted strategies. While pirtobrutinib and brentuximab vedotin are supported by increasingly robust clinical evidence in selected lymphoma subtypes, the role of belinostat remains constrained by modest response rates and limited randomized data, underscoring the continued need for biomarker refinement and more precisely individualized therapeutic approaches in NHL precision medicine. Full article

Background: Accurate differentiation between benign and malignant cervical lymphadenopathy remains clinically important for diagnostic stratification and treatment planning. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of conventional morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in a mixed cohort of cervical lymphadenopathies. Methods: This retrospective lesion-based diagnostic study included 88 cervical lymph nodes from 39 patients who underwent head-and-neck MRI between September 2023 and December 2025. The cohort had malignant entities such as squamous cell carcinoma metastases, thyroid carcinoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma, as well as benign/reactive, inflammatory, CMV-related, tuberculous, Warthin tumor-associated, and cystic lymphangioma-related lymphadenopathies. MRI examinations were performed for heterogeneous indications, including the initial assessment of palpable cervical lymphadenopathy, oncological staging, post-biopsy follow-up, suspected recurrence, and benign/inflammatory lesion characterization; therefore, not all patients underwent MRI for the same clinical indication. Most examinations were performed during the initial diagnostic work-up, while six cases represented post-biopsy follow-up. Morphological features and ADC values were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U tests, chi-square tests, ROC analysis, DeLong testing, Firth penalized logistic regression, generalized estimating equations (GEE), patient-level bootstrap resampling, and calibration analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using Python (Version 3.12), with exploratory verification in JASP. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The cohort included 39 patients with a mean age of 54 years (range: 18–74 years), with 20 males and 19 females. Of the 88 lymph nodes, 33 were malignant and 55 benign. Malignant nodes demonstrated significantly lower ADC values than benign nodes (0.87 ± 0.23 vs. 1.25 ± 0.22 × 10⁻³ mm²/s; U = 207, p < 0.001). ADC alone showed good diagnostic performance, with an AUC of 0.886 (95% CI: 0.803–0.960). The optimal ADC cutoff was 0.900 × 10⁻³ mm²/s, yielding 75.8% sensitivity and 89.1% specificity. The final GEE model, including the ADC, nodal shape, and margin characteristics while accounting for intra-patient clustering, achieved an apparent AUC of 0.956. Leave-one-patient-out cross-validation yielded an AUC of 0.929, and the bootstrap optimism-corrected AUC was 0.949. DeLong testing confirmed that the combined model significantly outperformed the ADC alone (AUC improvement = 0.070; p = 0.006), and the inter- and intra-observer reproducibility for ADC was excellent. Conclusions: ADC values, nodal shape, and margin characteristics provide complementary diagnostic information for differentiating benign from malignant cervical lymph nodes. A structured multiparametric MRI approach demonstrated high diagnostic performance, although the findings should be interpreted in the context of the retrospective single-center design and histopathological heterogeneity. Full article

Background and Objectives: Relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) remain associated with poor outcomes despite advances in chemoimmunotherapy and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Many patients are ineligible for or relapse after cellular therapies, highlighting the need for effective off-the-shelf immunotherapeutic approaches. CD20 × CD3 bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) redirect endogenous T cells against malignant B cells and have emerged as a promising therapeutic class in B-NHL. To summarize current clinical evidence regarding mosunetuzumab, glofitamab, epcoritamab, and odronextamab in B-NHL, focusing on efficacy, safety, and emerging therapeutic applications. Materials and Methods: A structured review of published phase I–III clinical trials evaluating the four currently approved CD20 × CD3 BsAbs in B-NHL was conducted. Efficacy outcomes, durability of response, and safety data were assessed across indolent and aggressive lymphoma subtypes. Results: CD20 × CD3 BsAbs demonstrated substantial and durable clinical activity in heavily pretreated B-NHL, including patients with prior CAR T-cell exposure. Mosunetuzumab showed high response rates and durable remissions in follicular lymphoma (FL), while glofitamab demonstrated significant efficacy in aggressive lymphomas, particularly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Epcoritamab exhibited consistent activity across lymphoma subtypes with favorable tolerability supported by subcutaneous administration and step-up dosing. Odronextamab also demonstrated clinically meaningful responses in both FL and DLBCL, including high-risk populations. Across studies, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was the most common adverse event, predominantly low grade and manageable with established mitigation strategies. Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) was uncommon. Infections and hematologic toxicities, particularly neutropenia, represented clinically relevant adverse events across all treatment programs, highlighting the need for special supportive care. Conclusions: CD20 × CD3 BsAbs represent a major therapeutic advancement in R/R B-NHL, combining high clinical activity, manageable toxicity, and off-the-shelf availability. Their expanding integration into earlier treatment settings and combination strategies is expected to further reshape the therapeutic landscape of B-NHL. Full article

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate patients who developed hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) during rituximab treatment and report the outcomes of desensitization protocols implemented to allow treatment continuation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the institutional data of 76 patients who received rituximab therapy at the Adult Hematology Department between January 2022 and September 2023. Among these, 11 patients who experienced immediate hypersensitivity reactions during infusion were analyzed. The overall frequency of rituximab-associated HSRs was 14.47% (11 out of 76 patients). Demographic data, underlying diseases, timing and type of HSRs, and details of the desensitization protocols were recorded. Results: The overall frequency of rituximab-associated HSRs was 14.47% (11 out of 76 patients). Among the 11 patients, eight were male and three were female, with a median age of 56 years (range: 19–72). Eight patients had CD20-positive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and three had acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). HSRs occurred during the first rituximab exposure in nine patients, at the fourth dose in one patient, and at the eighth dose in another. Symptoms included widespread rash, pruritus, flushing, chills, shivering, dyspnea, dysphagia, back pain, dizziness, syncope, and throat discomfort. All the patients were consulted by the Allergy and Immunology Clinic. Based on prick and intradermal test (IDT) results and the planned rituximab dose, desensitization protocols consisting of a three-dilution/12-step and a four-dilution/16-step regimen were prepared. Overall, 46 desensitization procedures were successfully completed in 11 patients. Notably, no severe anaphylactic events or treatment discontinuations due to drug toxicity occurred during the implementation of the protocols. Conclusions: Although the number of patients was limited, our findings indicate that in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving rituximab who develop early HSRs, desensitization represents a safe and effective strategy before considering treatment modification. These results support that, in appropriately selected patients, desensitization protocols are an important approach to continue therapy without interruption while minimizing adverse reactions. Full article

Background: This phase I trial aimed to assess the safety and preliminary activity of the combination of copanlisib with venetoclax in previously treated patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, excluding mantle-cell lymphoma patients. Methods: Intravenous copanlisib on days 1, 8, and 15 and oral venetoclax once daily (starting on day 2 of cycle 1, continuously) were administered in 28-day cycles up to a maximum of 12 cycles. Starting doses were 600 mg of venetoclax and 60 mg of copanlisib. Results: A total of seven patients were enrolled. The first two presented dose-limiting toxicities, five additional patients were treated at a lower dose level (45 mg of copanlisib and 400 mg of venetoclax), with no dose-limiting toxicities observed among three evaluable patients. The most frequent treatment-related adverse event of grade 3 or higher was neutropenia (n = 3), followed by thrombocytopenia (n = 2) and hypertension (n = 2). Four treatment-related serious adverse events occurred, including grade 3 febrile neutropenia in one patient and respiratory infections in three patients. Two patients had complete responses, and two had partial responses. Transcriptomic analysis of lymphoma samples showed enrichment of genes coding for proteins involved in B-cell receptor signaling in responding patients. The study was terminated prematurely due to a decision by the pharmaceutical company. Conclusions: Due to the limited sample size, no definite conclusions regarding safety or activity of the combination can be drawn. The two drugs could not be combined at their respective single-agent doses. Responses were observed in heavily pretreated patients. Transcriptomic analyses suggested a possible association between response and B-cell receptor signaling, which warrants further investigation. Full article

Background/Objectives: Radiogenomics integrates quantitative imaging features with genomic and molecular data to better characterize tumor biology and support precision oncology. While extensively investigated in solid tumors, its application to hematologic malignancies remains relatively unexplored despite the widespread use of advanced imaging in lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to December 2025 for studies investigating radiogenomic associations in hematologic malignancies. Study quality was assessed using PROBAST and METRICS. Two reviewers independently screened all records and performed data extraction through consensus. Results: Twelve studies were included, covering multiple myeloma and various lymphoma subtypes (aggressive B-cell lymphoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and primary CNS lymphoma). Imaging modalities included PET/CT, MRI and CT. Across studies, radiomic and imaging-derived features were associated with cytogenetic abnormalities, gene expression profiles, and circulating tumor DNA metrics. In multiple myeloma, MRI and CT-based radiomics showed promising ability to predict high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities. In lymphoma, PET-derived volumetric and dissemination features correlated with molecular risk profiles and tumor microenvironment characteristics. Several studies demonstrated improved prognostic performance when imaging features were combined with genomic or clinical variables. Conclusions: Radiogenomic approaches in hematologic malignancies show promising potential for non-invasive risk stratification and improved prognostic assessment. However, current evidence remains limited by small cohorts, heterogeneous methodologies, and a lack of external validation. Prospective multicenter studies and standardized imaging–genomic pipelines will be essential to enable clinical translation. Full article

Colorectal cancer (CRC) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are among the most prevalent cancer types globally by incidence and mortality. Both types are influenced differentially by chronic inflammation. Central to this inflammation are inflammatory genes that are meticulously regulated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). NF-κB is negatively regulated by IκBα (encoded by NFKBIA), while TNF-α’s actions can be modulated by ghrelin (encoded by GHRL). We investigated four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NFKB1 (rs4648068), NFKBIA (rs2233406), TNF-α (rs1800629), and GHRL (rs1629816) as biomarkers for CRC and NHL risk in a cohort of Kuwaiti individuals. DNA samples from patients and controls were collected and genotyped for all SNPs, and their association with CRC or NHL risk was assessed. While rs4648068 showed a modest association with increased CRC risk, it had no significant impact on NHL risk. Conversely, rs2233406 increased NHL risk without affecting CRC risk. Interestingly, while rs1800629 showed a protective effect against NHL, it showed an increased risk for CRC. Finally, rs1629816 was associated with greater NHL but not CRC risk. Our findings suggests that variations of these inflammatory genes may be useful indicators for predicting cancer risk but might have unpredictable effects on cancer susceptibility, depending on the cancer type. Full article

Background: Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is a biologically heterogeneous subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), accounting for 30–40% of cases worldwide. Despite the incorporation of rituximab into standard chemo-immunotherapy regimen, approximately one-third of patients present with relapsed or refractory disease, implicating the need for improved prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Gene expression profiling successfully classified DLBCL into Germinal Center B-cell-like (GCB) and non-GCB subtypes, which differ in genetic alterations, response to therapy, and clinical outcome. While intrinsic tumor biology has been extensively studied, the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to disease progression and therapeutic resistance still remains incompletely understood. Methods: In this study, we investigated the mutational landscape of stromal-related genes in DLBCL and evaluated their impact on gene expression, downstream signaling pathways, and tumor progression. Results: A total of 176 DLBCL patients were screened, of which 113 were enrolled based on availability of complete clinical data. The cohort demonstrated male predominance (male:female ratio: 2.1:1), advanced disease stage in 72.6% of patients, and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in 57.5%. Based on immunohistochemistry, 43.4% cases were classified as GCB-DLBCL and 56.6% as non-GCB DLBCL. Although the International Prognostic Index (IPI) retained prognostic significance for event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS), considerable heterogeneity was observed within similar risk groups. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) uncovered recurrent somatic mutations in key oncogenic and epigenetic regulators, including TNFAIP3, NFIB, NOTCH1, TSC2, EZH2, EP300, KMT2D, and B2M, with subtype-specific distribution. Pathway enrichment analysis implicated role of Notch, Wnt, mTOR, JAK-STAT, TGF-β, and antigen-presentation pathways. Comprehensive WES analysis identified multiple novel mutations in genes associated with the stromal/extracellular matrix with distinct patterns in GCB and non-GCB DLBCL, accompanied by concordant alterations in gene expression profiles, suggesting functional relevance within the TME. Functional validation through primary cell culture demonstrated significantly elevated Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) and Th17 (IL-17) cytokines in co-cultures containing both neoplastic cells and stromal components, underscoring the role of TME in DLBCL progression. Conclusions: Taken together, this study provides novel insights into stromal mutational signatures and cytokine-mediated tumor–stroma interactions, offering potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the improved management of DLBCL. Full article

Background: Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) examines cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal serum, which includes both maternal DNA and apoptotic placental DNA. The presence of multiple aneuploidies or widespread abnormal patterns of gains and losses across chromosomes in a structurally normal fetus has been linked to maternal cancer. Case Presentation: The patient was a 22-year-old G1P0 with a history of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma in remission. Her NIPT collected at 14 weeks and 3 days was reported as a “no call”. A second NIPT at a different laboratory showed multiple chromosomal aneuploidies (trisomy 18, 21, and monosomy X) with normal fetal anatomy on ultrasound. The patient was asymptomatic and was referred to hematology–oncology specifically to address the concern that these NIPT results could be related to cancer recurrence. Imaging was deferred as she was already on an established surveillance protocol for her Hodgkin’s lymphoma. At 26 weeks of gestation, the patient presented with a cough and dyspnea. Chest x-ray raised concern for disease recurrence, and biopsy confirmed recurrent Hodgkin’s lymphoma. She received two cycles of ICE chemotherapy. Cesarean delivery at 34 weeks and 2 days was performed for non-reassuring fetal heart tones. She continued chemotherapy, followed by BEAM conditioning and autologous stem cell transplantation. Genetic testing of the neonate revealed a normal karyotype; the placenta karyotype yielded no interpretable results. Discussion and Conclusions: Certain patterns of abnormal NIPT results may be associated with maternal malignancy and warrant further investigation. The absence of standardized protocols for reporting such NIPT results can complicate timely interdisciplinary evaluation and treatment. However, diagnostic testing should be offered with a positive NIPT result, a no-call or test failure, and abnormal ultrasound results, even with a “low-risk” NIPT result. Full article

Background/Objective: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is one of the most common indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and is characterized by recurrent relapses despite advances in therapy. Bispecific antibodies that redirect T lymphocytes toward malignant B cells represent a major innovation in the treatment of relapsed or refractory disease. Mosunetuzumab is a CD20×CD3 bispecific antibody that induces T-cell mediated cytotoxicity against B-cell malignancies. In this manuscript, we describe the clinical experience with mosunetuzumab in three patients with relapsed or refractory FL treated at the Hospital Card. G. Panico, Tricase (LE). Methods: Clinical history, prior therapies, treatment responses, and safety outcomes are reported. Results: The cases illustrate the potential efficacy and manageable safety profile of mosunetuzumab in heavily pretreated FL patients. Conclusion: The effectiveness of this drug is confirmed in our center. Full article