Search Results (2,002)

This study presents a qualitative analysis of the fractional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation (FCNSE) to obtain its complete set of solutions. An appropriate wave transformation is applied to reduce the FCNSE to a fourth-order dynamical system. Due to its non-Hamiltonian nature, this system poses significant analytical challenges. To overcome this complexity, the dynamical behavior is examined within a specific phase–space subspace, where the system simplifies to a two-dimensional, single-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian system. The qualitative theory of planar dynamical systems is then employed to characterize the corresponding phase portraits. Bifurcation analysis identifies the physical parameter conditions that give rise to super-periodic, periodic, and solitary wave solutions. These solutions are derived analytically and illustrated graphically to highlight the influence of the fractional derivative order on their spatial and temporal evolution. Furthermore, when an external generalized periodic force is introduced, the model exhibits quasi-periodic behavior followed by chaotic dynamics. Both configurations are depicted through 3D and 2D phase portraits in addition to the time-series graphs. The presence of chaos is quantitatively verified by calculating the Lyapunov exponents. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the system’s behavior is highly sensitive to variations in the frequency and amplitude of the external force. Full article

The conceptual design phase in architecture establishes the foundation for subsequent design decisions and influences up to 80% of a building’s lifecycle environmental impact. While Building Information Modeling (BIM) demonstrates transformative potential for sustainable design, its application during conceptual design remains constrained by perceived technical complexity and limited support for abstract thinking. This research examines how BIM tools can facilitate conceptual design through diagrammatic reasoning, thereby bridging technical capabilities with creative exploration. A mixed-methods approach was employed to develop and validate a Diagrammatic BIM (D-BIM) framework. It integrates diagrammatic reasoning, parametric modeling, and performance evaluation within BIM environments. The framework defines three core relationships—dissection, articulation, and actualization—which enable transitions from abstract concepts to detailed architectural forms in Revit’s modeling environments. Using Richard Meier’s architectural language as a structured test case, a 14-week quasi-experimental study with 19 third-year architecture students assessed the framework’s effectiveness through pre- and post-surveys, observations, and artifact analysis. Statistical analysis revealed significant improvements (p < 0.05) with moderate to large effect sizes across all measures, including systematic design thinking, diagram utilization, and academic self-efficacy. Students demonstrated enhanced design iteration, abstraction-to-realization transitions, and performance-informed decision-making through quantitative and qualitative assessments during early design stages. However, the study’s limitations include a small, single-institution sample, the absence of a control group, a focus on a single architectural language, and the exploratory integration of environmental analysis tools. Findings indicate that the framework repositions BIM as a cognitive design environment that supports creative ideation while integrating structured design logic and performance analysis. The study advances Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) by embedding critical, systems-based, and problem-solving competencies, demonstrating BIM’s role in sustainability-focused early design. This research provides preliminary evidence that conceptual design and BIM are compatible when supported with diagrammatic reasoning, offering a foundation for integrating competency-based digital pedagogy that bridges creative and technical dimensions of architectural design. Full article

White tea quality is primarily determined by its chemical composition, which varies significantly among cultivars. This study aimed to elucidate the chemical basis underlying quality differentiation in Baimudan white tea produced from three major Fujian tea cultivars: “Zhenghe Dabaicha” (ZHDB), “Fuan Dabaicha” (FADB), and “Fuding Dahaocha” (FDDH). Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) were employed to characterize volatile compounds, amino acids, and saccharides. Odor Activity Values (OAVs) and Taste Activity Values (TAVs) were calculated to identify key contributors to sensory perception. Results showed that theanine, glutamic acid, asparagine, and serine were the primary contributors to umami taste, especially in ZHDB and FADB. Sweetness differences were largely due to sucrose, serine, and asparagine. OAV analysis further identified 22 critical aroma compounds: methyl salicylate, linalool, and β-ionone predominantly imparted floral notes, while β-ocimene, benzaldehyde, and geraniol enhanced sweet and fruity aromas. In contrast, (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenal, and (E)-2-hexenal contributed grassy and refreshing characteristics, together defining the unique aroma profiles of each cultivar. This study provides an integrated chemical and sensory framework for understanding white tea quality variation, offering a theoretical basis for targeted flavor modulation. Full article

Background: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a widely used field technique for assessing body composition in football. However, its reliance on population-specific regression equations limits its accuracy. Objective: This scoping review aimed to map the scientific literature on BIA applications in professional and semi-professional football, highlighting uses, limitations, and research opportunities. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in the scientific databases PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Identified studies involved the use of BIA in professional and semi-professional football players (≥16 years) in the context of routine training and competition. Results: From 14,624 records, 39 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Three main applications were identified: (1) quantitative body composition assessment, (2) qualitative/semi-quantitative analysis (e.g., bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA)), and (3) muscle health and injury monitoring. Seven specific research areas emerged, including hydration monitoring, cross-method validation of body composition analyses, development of predictive models, sport phenotype identification, tracking training adaptations, performance/load assessment via phase angle, and localized BIA for injury diagnosis and recovery. Conclusions: While quantitative BIA estimates may lack individual-level precision, raw parameter analyses may offer valuable insights into hydration, cellular integrity, and muscle injury status, yet further research is needed to fully realize these applications. Full article

Yield stress and thixotropy are critical rheological properties for enabling successful 3D printing of magnetic colloidal systems. However, conventional magnetic colloids, typically composed of a single dispersed phase, exhibit insufficient rheological tunability for reliable 3D printing. In this study, we developed a novel magnetic colloidal system comprising a carrier liquid, magnetic nanoparticles, and organic modified bentonite. A direct-ink-writing 3D-printing platform was specifically designed and optimized for thixotropic materials, incorporating three distinct extruder head configurations. Through an in-depth rheological investigation and printing trials, quantitative analysis revealed that the printability of magnetic colloids is significantly affected by multiple factors, including magnetic field strength, pre-shear conditions, and printing speed. Furthermore, we successfully fabricated 3D architectures through the precise coordination of deposition paths and magnetic field modulation. This work offers initial support for the material’s future applications in soft robotics, in vivo therapeutic systems, and targeted drug delivery platforms. Full article

Triploid breeding is a promising approach for developing seedless varieties, but the long juvenile phase of perennial fruit trees necessitates efficient early selection. In loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), a fruit crop with high demand for seedlessness, the relative contributions of hybridity, ploidy level, and parent-of-origin effects (POEs) to triploid seedling vigor remain elusive. To dissect these factors, we established a comprehensive experimental system comprising reciprocal diploid (2x), triploid (3x), and tetraploid (4x) hybrids from two genetically distinct cultivars. The ploidy, hybridity and genetic architecture of hybrid and parental groups were verified using flow cytometry, chromosome counting, newly developed InDel markers and genome-wide SNP analysis. Phenotypic evaluation of eight vigor-related traits revealed that plant height and soluble starch content were the most robust indicators of triploid heterosis in loquat. Notably, paternal-excess triploids [3x(p)] consistently outperformed all other groups. Quantitative analysis revealed POE as the main positive driver of triploid heterosis (+10.37% for plant height), far exceeding the negative impacts of hybridity (−12.75%) and ploidy level (−20.87%). These findings demonstrate that POE predominantly drives seedling vigor heterosis in triploid loquat. We propose a practical breeding strategy that combines prioritizing paternal-excess crosses with novel InDel markers for rapid verification of superior seedless progeny. Full article

This paper addresses the modeling challenge of significant asymmetry between acceleration and deceleration processes in car-following behavior by proposing an Asymmetric Acceleration and Deceleration Car Following (AAD-CF) model. The model characterizes driving decisions using both desired speed and desired spacing, and incorporates an asymmetric correction factor to capture differences in acceleration and deceleration behavior. Based on real vehicle trajectory data from the I-80 dataset, the model was compared at the microscopic level against classical models such as Gipps in terms of trajectory fitting error. The results show that the AAD-CF model consistently achieves lower trajectory fitting errors across different simulation time-steps, with error reduction exceeding 10%. At the macroscopic traffic flow level, the model successfully reproduced three-phase traffic flow states—free flow, synchronized flow, and wide moving jams. By implementing both startup and emergency braking scenarios, it was further revealed that braking waves propagate approximately 40% faster than startup waves, demonstrating asymmetric wave propagation. This study provides quantitative evidence for understanding the intrinsic relationship between microscopic driving behavior and macroscopic traffic phenomena, and the proposed model can support traffic simulation systems and theoretical analysis. Full article

Accurate quantification of minor mineral phases is important in Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) and Rietveld phase quantification. The precise limit of quantification for the various phases is rarely considered but rather approximated to 0.2–2 wt% by applying a global minimum weight percentage threshold. This approximation often leads to false positive or false negative phase quantity, jeopardizing the trustworthiness of the analytic method in general. In this work (1) we propose a dynamic and adaptable false positive filtering method for Rietveld Quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) based on a phase-specific signal-to-noise ratio referred to as “Phase-SNR”; (2) we introduce the method baptized “Phase Guard” which is implemented in the software HighScore Plus. Phase Guard is based on peaks counting statistics and it automatically adapts to different mineral scattering powers, different mineral crystallinity, instrumental configuration and measurement time. Its applicability and benefits are demonstrated with several examples in cement and mining applications. The adoption of Phase Guard is especially beneficial for industrial black-box solutions, where all “probable” phases are included in the model, even when they are absent from the sample. Phase Guard eliminates false positives, it reduces the likelihood of false negatives, and it is an essential tool to answer the question “what is the limit of quantification for Rietveld analysis?” Full article

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease, 2019) pandemic affected all countries in a variety of ways, and forced policymakers to adapt national health infrastructure. In this context, the strategic adaptation and policy evolution of small island states are understudied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantitatively analyse the relationship between confirmed COVID-19 cases and health policy decisions in Northern Cyprus. We also examined the shifting management strategies employed during the pandemic using a replicable statistical analysis framework. Methods: In this mixed-methods study, we used systematic thematic analysis to categorise official policy decisions from March 2020 to December 2022. Yearly linear regression models using SPSS and Python correlated the monthly number of decisions with the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. The analyses included R² values, p-values, and visualisations with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The findings of this study highlight a three-phase strategic period. In 2020, the results (R² = 0.03, p = 0.63) showed no significant relationship, indicating initial uncertainty. The results (R² = 0.60, p = 0.003) indicate a strong negative correlation in 2021, which reflects the consistency of the proactive suppression strategies adopted. Conversely, for 2022, the results (R² = 0.79, p < 0.001) show a strong positive correlation representing the shift to a reactive mitigation strategy, in which the government responded based on case peaks. Conclusions: This study’s primary finding is that strategic agility was key to managing the pandemic. For small island states in particular, the effectiveness of geographic advantages like border control depends on a coherent strategy that transcends initial uncertainty. Our data-driven framework provides a tool for analysing this strategic evolution and guiding responses to future pandemics. Full article

Background: Elite athletes are frequently subjected to high-intensity training regimens, which can result in cumulative physical stress, overtraining, and potential health risks. Monitoring autonomic responses to such load is essential for optimizing performance and preventing maladaptation. Objective: The present study aimed to assess changes in autonomic regulation immediately and two hours after training in athletes, using an integrated framework (combining time- and frequency-domain HRV indices with nonlinear and recurrence quantification analysis). It was investigated how repeated assessments over a 4-month period can reveal cumulative effects and identify athletes at risk. Special attention was paid to identifying signs of excessive fatigue, autonomic imbalance, and cardiovascular stress. Methods: Holter ECGs of 12 athletes (mean age 21 ± 2.22 years; males, athletes participating in competitions) over a 4-month period were recorded before, immediately after, and two hours after high-intensity training, with HRV calculated from 5-min segments. Metrics included HRV and recurrent quantitative analysis. Statistical comparisons were made between the pre-, post-, and recovery phases to quantify autonomic changes (repeated-measures ANOVA for comparisons across the three states, paired t-tests for direct two-state contrasts, post hoc analyses with Holm–Bonferroni corrections, and effect size estimates η²). Results: Immediately after training, significant decreases in SDNN (↓ 35%), RMSSD (↓ 40%), and pNN50 (↓ 55%), accompanied by increases in LF/HF (↑ 32%), were observed. DFA α1 and Recurrence Rate increased, indicating reduced complexity and more structured patterns of RR intervals. After two hours of recovery, partial normalization was observed; however, RMSSD (−18% vs. baseline) and HF (−21% vs. baseline) remained suppressed, suggesting incomplete recovery of parasympathetic activity. Indications of overtraining and cardiac risk were found in three athletes. Conclusion: High-intensity training in elite athletes induces pronounced acute autonomic changes and incomplete short-term recovery, potentially increasing fatigue and cardiovascular workload. Longitudinal repeated testing highlights differences between well-adapted, fatigued, and at-risk athletes. These findings highlight the need for individualized recovery strategies and ongoing monitoring to optimize adaptation and minimize the risk of overtraining and health complications. Full article

Drilling fluid loss is a common and complex downhole problem that occurs during drilling in deep fractured formations, which has a significant negative impact on the exploration and development of oil and gas resources. Establishing a drilling fluid loss model for the quantitative analysis of drilling fluid loss is the most effective method for the diagnosis of drilling fluid loss, which provides a favorable basis for the formulation of drilling fluid loss control measures, including the information on thief zone location, loss type, and the size of loss channels. The previous loss model assumes that the drilling fluid is driven by constant flow or pressure at the fracture inlet. However, drilling fluid loss is a complex physical process in the coupled wellbore circulation system. The lost drilling fluid is driven by dynamic bottomhole pressure (BHP) during the drilling process. The use of a single-phase model to describe drilling fluids ignores the influence of solid-phase particles in the drilling fluid system on its rheological properties. This paper aims to model drilling fluid loss in the coupled wellbore–-fracture system based on the two-phase flow model. It focuses on the effects of well depth, drilling pumping rate, drilling fluid density, viscosity, fracture geometric parameters, and their morphology on loss during the drilling fluid circulation process. Numerical discrete equations are derived using the finite volume method and the “upwind” scheme. The correctness of the model is verified by published literature data and experimental data. The results show that the loss model without considering the circulation of drilling fluid underestimates the extent of drilling fluid loss. The presence of annular pressure loss in the circulation of drilling fluid will lead to an increase in BHP, resulting in more serious loss. Full article

Sustainability is a foundational principle in Chilean education, reflected in curricular objectives related to environmental care, economic development, and social well-being. This study analyzes the integration of sustainability concepts and dimensions into the curricular bases of the third year (11th grade) and fourth year (12th grade) in Chilean secondary education. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design and content analysis, the quantitative phase identified six key sustainability-related terms and their presence across curricular components and subject areas. The qualitative phase examined the inclusion of the environmental, social, and economic dimensions within those areas. The results show that sustainability concepts appear in seven subject areas, with greater emphasis on learning objectives and educational purposes. However, the environmental dimension dominates, while the social and economic aspects are underrepresented. These findings reveal conceptual ambiguities and uneven integration, highlighting challenges for implementing a multidimensional sustainability approach in Chilean classrooms. Full article

This study proposes a comprehensive framework for establishing an Emissions Trading System (ETS) in Thailand, addressing three core design elements: scope, cap setting, and allowance allocation. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative data analysis with qualitative insights from expert and stakeholder consultations, the research identifies a practical and strategic pathway for implementation. The proposed framework recommends a phased approach, with the initial phase covering 222 high-emitting facilities across seven key sub-industrial sectors. This scope, defined by a 25,000 tCO₂e threshold, is estimated to cover approximately 42.64% of the country’s total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The ETS cap for the first phase is set at 20 MtCO₂e, aligning with national climate targets outlined in Thailand’s draft NDC 3.0. For allowance allocation, free allocation via output-based benchmarking is identified as the most suitable method for initial implementation, given its feasibility and effectiveness in incentivizing efficiency improvements. Furthermore, the standard cost model (SCM) was applied to assess compliance costs, indicating an annual administrative burden of 21,534 h and THB 42.18 million. These insights provide policymakers with a baseline for streamlining monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) requirements. The findings suggest that the proposed framework is a robust and strategic model, tailored to the unique economic and regulatory context of Thailand, providing a clear path to achieving the nation’s ambitious sustainable climate goals. Full article

Background/Objectives: It is known that assisted human reproduction in infertility causes psychological and mental instability in those undergoing this treatment. Patient satisfaction, personal experiences with assisted reproduction treatment (IVF) and self-perception of emotional distress require a comprehensive study using complete and scientifically validated instruments. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale enabling nurses to assess patient satisfaction with the care they receive, personal satisfaction with the assisted reproduction treatment process, and self-perceptions of emotional discomfort. Methods: This study employed a mixed research strategy. Initially, a systematic literature review informed the qualitative phase, which involved expert focus groups in formulating the questionnaire items. Subsequently, the developed scale underwent psychometric analysis in the quantitative phase and was given to women undergoing fertility treatment. Results: The scale was found to have an acceptable level of factorial validity and reliability. The items were consistent and homogeneous, with high saturation in their respective factors (3). A negative covariance was observed between factors 1 and 2, and between factors 2 and 3, along with a positive covariance between factors 1 and 3. Furthermore, it was found that satisfaction with nursing care (F1) was associated with a lower need for professional psychological help and that a greater perception of emotional well-being (F2) was associated with a greater need for this type of help (F1: β = −0.07, p = 0.002; F2: β = 0.10, p = 0.004). Conclusions: This scale is a robust and dependable instrument, demonstrating its validity and reliability. Most notable are its user-friendly nature, ease of administration, and minimal time needed. Moreover, the scale proves effective in identifying women who require professional psychological support, which is a critical distinction with significant implications for patient care. In practical terms, the scale equips nurses with a powerful tool for conducting a thorough and efficient assessment of women undergoing fertility treatment. Full article

This paper presents a phase-based analysis of the spatial and architectural development of underground stations in the Warsaw Metro, focusing on 28 non-transfer stations constructed between 1983 and 2019. The research examines how design and functional solutions evolved over five construction phases in response to changing engineering methods, organizational frameworks, and urban contexts. A comparative analytical framework was developed, incorporating quantitative and qualitative parameters related to spatial layout, access schemes, and interior design features. The methodology combines archival documentation analysis, in situ field surveys, and typological classification. Findings reveal a clear trajectory from utilitarian, dual-purpose stations emphasizing structural durability and civil defense, toward more user-oriented designs prioritizing accessibility and intuitive navigation. Later phases show an expansion of multifunctional elements, including retail spaces, reflecting contemporary trends in metro station design. It contributes to a broader understanding of how adaptive design strategies enable metro infrastructure to respond to evolving urban needs and challenges, highlighting the importance of contextual integration for future metro developments. Full article