Search Results (22,226)

Background: In the social context characterized by digitization and population aging, empty-nest older individuals have emerged as a particularly vulnerable group. This study examines the impact of digital finance on the mental health of empty-nest older individuals using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) spanning 2011 to 2018 and investigates its underlying mechanisms through the three dimensions of active aging. Results: The findings suggest that digital finance is associated with reduced likelihood and degree of depression among empty-nest older individuals. The beneficial effect of digital finance on depression is more pronounced among empty-nest older individuals with lower educational attainment, without supplementary pensions, and residing in rural areas. Furthermore, mechanism analysis shows that digital finance relates to better health outcomes, greater security, and increased social participation among empty-nest older individuals. Conclusions: These findings underscore the potential of digital finance to facilitate active aging among empty-nest older individuals. Full article

Maxwell’s equations epitomize our knowledge of standard electromagnetic theory in vacuums and matter. Here, we report the clearcut results of an extensive, ongoing investigation aiming to mathematically digest Maxwell’s equations in virtually all problems based on the three standard building units, dielectric and magnetic, found in practice (i.e., spheres, cylinders and plates). Specifically, we address the static/quasi-static case of a linear, homogeneous and isotropic dielectric and magnetic sphere subjected to a DC/low-frequency AC external scalar potential, Uext (vector field, Fext), of any form, produced by a primary/free source residing outside the sphere. To this end, we introduce an expansion-based mathematical strategy that enables us to obtain immediate access to the response of the dielectric and magnetic sphere, i.e., to the internal scalar potential, Uint (vector field, Fint), produced by the induced secondary/bound source. Accordingly, the total scalar potential, U = Uext + Uint (vector field, F = Fext + Fint), is immediately accessible as well. Our approach provides ready-to-use expressions for Uint and U (Fint and F) in all space, i.e., both inside and outside the dielectric and magnetic sphere, applicable for any form of Uext (Fext). Using these universal expressions, we can obtain Uint and U (Fint and F) in essentially one step, without the need to solve each particular problem of different Uext (Fext) every time from scratch. The obtained universal relation between Uint and Uext (Fint and Fext) provides a means to tailor the responses of dielectric and magnetic spheres at all instances, thus facilitating applications. Our approach surpasses conventional mathematical procedures that are employed to solve analytically addressable problems of electromagnetism. Full article

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) continue to pose a persistent global health challenge, disproportionately impacting low- and middle-income countries where surveillance and healthcare infrastructure are constrained. Within these countries, residents of remote island communities are particularly vulnerable to emerging VBD threats; however, they remain critically understudied. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey of 300 residents from Shahpori Island, Bangladesh, and Gaya Island, Malaysia, to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to VBDs. Using a structured questionnaire and mixed-effects Poisson regression modeling, we identified socio-demographic predictors of VBD-related knowledge and compared KAP outcomes across the two islands. Significant disparities were observed between the two settings: the Gaya Island residents demonstrated a higher level of awareness regarding VBDs and preventive practices compared to the Shahpori residents. Education was a strong predictor of VBD knowledge, with individuals possessing secondary education or above exhibiting significantly better knowledge (β = 0.2024, p = 0.0003). Marital status was also a significant factor, with unmarried respondents showing lower levels of knowledge (β = –0.1657, p = 0.0372). Age was positively correlated with VBD knowledge (β = 0.0051, p = 0.0119), indicating a gradual increase with age, while income, gender, occupation, and household size were not significantly associated. Despite basic awareness of VBD symptoms and transmission, detailed understanding of mosquito ecology, disease symptoms, and breeding prevention strategies was remarkably poor, especially among the Shahpori residents. Our findings highlight critical gaps in VBD-related knowledge and prevention behaviors shaped by socio-economic and educational disparities. Community-focused public health strategies including educational campaigns, establishment of health infrastructure, access to trained healthcare providers, and integrated vector control interventions are urgently needed to enhance resilience against emerging VBD threats such as drug-resistant malaria in remote island populations. Full article

Urbanization affects bird communities by reducing habitat and fragmenting ecosystems. Urban parks can help counteract these effects. However, anthropogenic noise can further alter bird composition. We examined the distribution and abundance of bird species in nine urban parks in Mexico City. We used a ten minute fixed-radius (25 m) point-counting technique to count birds along their annual cycle, with ten minutes allocated for bird counts. The quality of green areas was analyzed in terms of vegetation (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), park size, and mean noise level dB(A) (based on MIN and MAX values), and species were grouped into trophic guilds. A total of 108 bird species were recorded, 5 of which are under special protection; we grouped all species into 14 trophic guilds, showing different responses to environmental gradients. Redundancy analysis (RDA) explained 89.98% of the variance, with noise and park size being the most influential variables. Granivores and omnivores were more tolerant to noise, while insectivores and frugivores preferred quieter areas with more vegetation. A positive association was observed between the presence of winter resident species and the park size. On the other hand, mean noise level dB(A) was negatively related to permanent resident species, winter resident species, and those with protected status. Conservation efforts should focus on maintaining ample green spaces and reducing noise pollution, as recorded high mean noise levels (>53 dB(A)) exceed the recommended thresholds for avifauna conservation. Full article

The rapid growth in the number of motor vehicles has exacerbated traffic congestion. The occurrence of congestion not only poses significant challenges for traffic management authorities but also severely impacts residents’ travel and daily routines. Against this backdrop, predicting traffic flow can provide crucial insights for anticipating changing traffic patterns. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel hybrid deep learning architecture (CNN-LSTM-GRU) for highway traffic flow prediction that integrates spatiotemporal and meteorological dimensions. Our approach constructs a multidimensional feature matrix encompassing temporal sequences, spatial correlations, and weather conditions. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are employed to capture spatial patterns, while Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks jointly model temporal dependencies. Through systematic hyperparameter tuning and step-length optimization, we validate the model using real-world traffic data from a provincial highway network. The experimental evaluation analyzes the following two critical dimensions: (1) holiday vs. non-holiday traffic patterns, and (2) the impact of weather data integration. Comparative analysis reveals that our hybrid model demonstrates superior prediction accuracy over standalone LSTM, GRU, and their CNN-based counterparts (CNN-LSTM, CNN-GRU). Full article

Climate change and global decarbonization targets drive the search for more efficient and cost-effective combustion technologies. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) using solid oxygen carriers with chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) functionality has attracted growing interest due to its inherent potential for CO₂ capture without requiring additional separation processes. This study introduces a conceptual proof-of-concept design of a novel fuel reactor design for a dual-fluidized bed CLC system operating with solid fuels. The new configuration incorporates a perforated conveyor for circulating CLOU-type oxygen carriers, thereby avoiding direct contact between the carriers and the fuel–ash mixture. This approach prevents the slip of unburned fuel and ash into the air reactor, minimizes the loss of oxygen carriers, and improves combustion efficiency. The proposed reactor concept enables the generation of flue gas with a high CO₂ concentration, which facilitates its subsequent capture and reduces the energy penalty associated with traditional CCS techniques. The improved phase separation and better control of oxygen carrier residence time contribute to enhanced system performance and reduced operating costs. Preliminary process simulations conducted in the CeSFaMB environment, using boundary and initial conditions from a CLC test rig, were included to illustrate the potential of the design. Experimental validation is outside the scope of this study and will be presented in future work once the dedicated test facility is operational. This contribution should therefore be regarded as a conceptual proof-of-concept study, and experimental validation together with techno-economic benchmarking will be reported in follow-up publications once the dedicated test facility is operational. Full article

In the developing countries (e.g., Palestine) a reliable assessment of climate vulnerability, exposure, and consequently risk is a key step in developing successful adaptation and mitigation plans. This study aims to examine the spatial distribution of climate risk across the different governorates of the West Bank (Palestine) by assessing climate-risk exposure. A GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis approach was employed to estimate climate exposure across the West Bank governorates. Additionally, sensitivity analysis is used to explore the impact of indicator weight on the final climate-risk map. The climate-risk map was subsequently developed based on the exposure map, classifying the governorates into five risk categories: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. This analysis revealed that 42% of the West Bank population resides in areas classified as having high to very high climate exposure, which corresponds to approximately 39% of the total land area. Conversely, about 21% of the West Bank area is categorized under low to very low risk conditions. By measuring risk based on this exposure, and considering vulnerability, it was determined that 82% of the population lives within areas identified as high to very high zones, underscoring the significant climate risk of populated regions. This study offers the first spatially explicit climate-risk assessment for the West Bank, applying a widely accepted approach that integrates vulnerability and exposure components. The results provide critical insights to inform targeted adaptation and mitigation efforts, supporting decision-makers in enhancing climate resilience across the region. Full article

This article discusses the role of artistic interventions in shaping communities in selected Polish cities. It especially explores marginalized urban areas that are gaining new identities through art. A crucial aspect of the analysis concentrates on the influence of artistic activities on the formation of social bonds. Moreover, it focuses on the revitalization strategies that incorporate artistic activities designed to beautify spaces and enhance residents’ sense of security. It also includes examples of grassroots initiatives undertaken by artists in degraded areas. This study employed a qualitative methodology. In addition to reviewing the literature, a comparative analysis of case studies encompassing murals, site-specific installations, graffiti, and participatory art was conducted. The selected case studies demonstrate that art is not merely an esthetic endeavor but an important tool for solving spatial and social issues. Artists’ activities in difficult areas of a city lead to perceptual, visual, and functional changes. However, the question was whether the process of co-creation with the local community translated into stronger neighborly relationships or a greater sense of security. Full article

In light of mounting concerns regarding community safety, this study undertakes a comprehensive examination of the role of convenience stores in Taiwan as pivotal conduits for social safety. Through a meticulous analysis of the extant literature and informal conversational interview conducted in both urban and rural settings, this study elucidates the manner in which these commercial establishments have assumed a pivotal role in enhancing the social safety net within local communities. The findings of this study demonstrate that convenience stores have been instrumental in providing frontline assistance during emergencies and natural disasters, thereby fostering a sense of community cohesion through their provision of essential day-to-day services. Moreover, this study underscores the manner in which the inherent characteristics of convenience stores contribute to the sustainability of communities. For instance, the promotion of environmental practices and the reduction of travel-related carbon emissions enhance not only the resilience of communities but also of local spaces. Moreover, the employment strategy of having convenience stores in local areas has a beneficial effect on the local economy and local employment levels. Convenience stores provide employment opportunities close to home, which in turn enhances residents’ safety and economic stability. These findings suggest that convenience stores have untapped potential for community safety and development. The contribution of this study is to highlight the multiple roles of convenience stores through empirical research and to provide a reference for policymakers to better integrate the positive characteristics of retail networks into the social security system. Full article

The objective of this research is to design sustainable public spaces along the banks of the Ichu River in Huancavelica, Peru, with the aim of promoting environmental awareness within the local community. The identified problem lies in the deterioration of these spaces and the limited environmental awareness among the population. The applied methodology includes both macro- and micro-scale analyses of the study area, as well as the use of bioclimatic maps to incorporate passive strategies, clean technologies, and the use of local and ecological materials. The proposed hypothesis states that if sustainable public spaces are designed by integrating bioclimatic strategies, clean technologies, and local materials, then environmental awareness among the population will be strengthened, the quality of life of residents will improve, and the economic and social development of Huancavelica will be promoted. The results show that the implementation of sustainable infrastructure such as roads, parks, a riverside promenade with local product fairs, and a tourist dock can significantly contribute to improving the urban and natural environment. Additionally, the creation of an ecomuseum with sensory gardens is proposed to encourage social inclusion. In conclusion, the design of these spaces not only supports the conservation of the local ecosystem through actions such as reforestation and sustainable rainwater drainage but also strengthens the sense of community belonging and boosts economic development through neighborhood markets and responsible tourism activities, thereby improving the relationship between the community and its natural environment. Full article

Against the backdrop of rapid new urbanisation and the ongoing integration of urban and rural areas, the evolving spatial dynamics between public service facilities and population distribution have increasingly garnered scholarly interest. The present study employs a grid-based spatial unit and a coupling coordination model as a foundation. This model integrates POI data, Baidu heat maps, and other sources of spatial and temporal information. The objective is to explore the dynamic matching pattern of public service facilities and population distribution. The study’s findings are as follows: The population within the core urban area displays a strong propensity for agglomeration during the morning and evening peak hours, thereby forming a highly coordinated public service network characterised by high-density and piecemeal distribution of public service facilities. The population residing within the transition zone between urban and rural areas is commuting in a substantial number, and the relationship between the supply of and demand for facilities demonstrates cyclical fluctuations. Local areas are subject to time-periodic pressure on the supply of and demand for facilities. In rural areas, due to the continuous population outflow and dispersed residence, the layout of service facilities is fragmented, exhibiting the island effect. The study reveals a structural contradiction between traditional homogeneous planning and the gradient difference between urban and rural areas, providing a scientific basis for Shandong Province to promote new urbanisation and rural revitalisation strategies in an integrated manner. Full article

In the evolving discourse of affective urbanism, emotions are increasingly recognized as fundamental, systemic drivers shaping the social, perceptual, and symbolic dimensions of urban space. Meanwhile, advances in visual technologies and media aesthetics have transformed contemporary cities into visually saturated environments, where visual cues actively influence how urban space is perceived, navigated, and emotionally experienced. While prior research has addressed affective belonging and spatial identity, these studies often treat emotion and visual design as separate influences rather than examining their interdependent, systemic roles. To address this gap, this study develops an emotion-driven systemic model to analyze how visual design activates affective pathways that contribute to the sustainable construction of place branding. Drawing on survey data from 134 residents in Wuxi, China, we employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the interrelations among emotionally durable visual design, urban emotion, and place branding. The results reveal that visual attachment design (VAD) significantly strengthens place branding through emotional mediation, while visual behavior design (VBD) directly enhances sustainable branding by fostering participatory engagement even without emotional mediation. In contrast, visual function design (VFD) demonstrates limited impact, underscoring its insufficiency as a stand-alone strategy. These findings underscore the value of modeling emotionally durable visual communication as a system that links emotion, behavior, and identity in citizen-centered place branding. Full article

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive malignancy with very poor survival. Prior research suggests rural–urban disparities on a regional scale. We aimed to elucidate these disparities in treatment and disease-specific survival (DSS) for ICC patients on a national scale using the SEER database. Methods: The SEER database was queried to identify biopsy-confirmed cases of ICC from 2000 to 2021. Differences in clinicopathologic features and treatment between rural and urban patients were assessed using Chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests. Disease-specific survival was compared using Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests as well as multivariable Cox regressions. Results: A total of 14,940 ICC patients were identified. Rural patients were less likely than urban patients to receive chemotherapy (789 of 1588 [49.7%] vs. 7112 of 13,352 [53.3%], p = 0.006) and surgical treatment (305 of 1588 [19.2%] vs. 2922 of 13,352 [21.9%], p = 0.013). Rural patients experienced reduced 5- and 10-year DSS rates (7.0% and 4.0%) compared to urban patients (9.0% and 6.0%, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, rural residence independently demonstrated a 17% increased risk of disease-specific mortality compared to their urban counterparts (aHR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03–1.32). Conclusions: This study demonstrates significant rural–urban disparities in ICC treatment and survival throughout the US, independent of other prognostic factors. Further investigation into factors driving these disparities is warranted to improve outcomes for rural ICC patients. Full article

Compared to non-smart communities, smart communities expand the boundaries of community management and provide a platform for the deep integration of fitness and health. However, a single-entity governance model reduces the management efficiency of smart communities and hinders the realization of fitness-health integration within them. A collaborative governance model involving governments, businesses, social organizations, and residents replaces the traditional linear governance model that relies on a single entity through resource integration. This study, based on collaborative governance theory, employs three scenario-based experimental designs and quantitative analysis, with Xiamen’s smart city community and non-smart urban village community as research subjects. It explores the multistakeholder collaborative governance model for the deep integration of fitness and health, compares the differences in fitness-health integration between smart communities and non-smart communities, and measures the effectiveness differences between multistakeholder collaborative governance and single-entity governance models. The findings indicate: (1) Residents in smart communities have higher satisfaction with comprehensive fitness-health services; (2) Residents in smart communities perceive shorter psychological distances when engaging in fitness-health activities compared to non-smart environments; (3) The governance model moderates the impact of psychological distance on service satisfaction. Compared to the single-actor model, multiactor collaborative governance more effectively enhances perceived psychological proximity and improves satisfaction. The research findings contribute theoretically to advancing understanding of collaborative governance theory while expanding the application of the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the construal level theory in the context of community governance. Practically, they offer insights for public policymakers to optimize resource allocation and for community managers to strengthen digital governance. Full article

To further improve the economic benefits of operators and the low-carbon performance within the system, this paper proposes a hierarchical distributed low-carbon economic dispatch strategy for regional integrated energy systems (RIESs) based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). First, the energy coupling relationships among conversion devices in RIESs are analyzed, and a structural model of RIES incorporating an energy generation operator (EGO) and multiple load aggregators (LAs) is established. Second, considering the stepwise carbon trading mechanism (SCTM) and the average thermal comfort of residents, economic optimization models for operators are developed. To ensure optimal energy trading strategies between conflicting stakeholders, the EGO and LAs are embedded into a master–slave game trading framework, and the existence of the game equilibrium solution is rigorously proven. Furthermore, considering the processing speed of the optimization problem by the operators and the operators’ data privacy requirement, the optimization problem is solved in a hierarchical distributed manner using ADMM. To ensure the convergence of the algorithm, the non-convex feasible domain of the subproblem bilinear term is transformed into a convex polyhedron defined by its convex envelope so that the problem can be solved by a convex optimization algorithm. Finally, an example analysis shows that the scheduling strategy proposed in this paper improves the economic efficiency of energy trading participants by 3% and 3.26%, respectively, and reduces the system carbon emissions by 10.5%. Full article