A total dominating set D of a graph G is said to be a secure total dominating set if for every vertex
In this article, we obtain general bounds and closed formulas for the secure total domination number of rooted product graphs. The results are expressed in terms of parameters of the factor graphs involved in the rooted product.
The domination problem and three of its variants (total domination, 2-domination, and secure domination) are considered. These problems have various real-world applications, including error correction codes, ad hoc routing for wireless networks, and...
The authors wish to make the following corrections on paper [...]
Given a graph
Cryptography is a pivotal application of graph theory in ensuring secure communication systems. Modern cryptography is deeply rooted in mathematical theory and computer science practices. It is widely recognized that encryption and decryption process...
Ecological security underpins sustainable regional development and human well-being. Tianjin is in the eastern coastal area of China and features coastal wetlands and river systems. Over the past decade, Tianjin has undergone rapid urbanization. Tian...
Cyber security importance has escalated globally, driven by its pivotal role in shaping daily life, encompassing both personal and non-personal aspects. Cyber security breach probability functions play a crucial role in comprehending how cyber securi...
Currently, a series of ecological environmental problems have been brought about by high-intensity intervention of human beings, and ecological security is regarded as one of the most important national survival strategies. A methodology of urban eco...
India and China are two similar developing countries with huge populations, rapid economic growth and limited natural resources, therefore facing the massive pressure of ensuring food security. In this paper, we will discuss the food security situati...
With the increasing integration of HVDC tie-lines, the regional power systems in both the energy-exporting area and the energy-importing area have been gradually evolving into “strong DC, weak AC” systems. In this paper, a multi-period tr...
In nearly all parts of the world, an important part of people’s livelihood is derived from natural resources. Gender is considered one of the most important determinants of access and control over forests. It is thought that women and men within hous...
Ecological security is an important guarantee of human security and survival, closely related to sustainable development. However, the ecological security evaluation and driving force analysis of oases in arid areas is still insufficient. Ejina Oasis...
The water-level-fluctuation zone of a reservoir is an important connection between land and water; due to counter-seasonal rhythmic water level changes, this area is more sensitive and vulnerable, whereas the assessment and management of heavy metal...
Human activities are constantly affecting ecological space, and the construction of ecological security patterns to ensure ecological security has become an issue that must be considered for sustainable development. At present, little attention has b...
In the rapidly changing Urban Agglomeration on the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains (UANSTM), urbanization and oasis ecosystem degradation have intensified the need for ecological security planning. However, traditional ecosystem service asse...
Tin is an indispensable metal for contemporary society owing to its extensive application. China is a major tin manufacturer and consumer worldwide. Nonetheless, the crucial characteristics of its tin metabolism remain limited. Therefore, a dynamic m...
Food security is crucial for social stability and economic development. Ensuring food security in the arid region of Northwest China presents unique challenges due to limited water and soil resources. This study addresses these challenges by integrat...
Wheat production is intrinsically linked to global food security. However, wheat cultivation is constrained by the progressive degradation of soil conditions resulting from the continuous application of fertilizers. This study aimed to examine the ef...
31 January 2023
To investigate the international development status and hot trends in the field of environmental security management in recent years, the published the environmental security management literature from 1997 to 2021, which was retrieved from Web of Sc...
22 August 2025
Food security among college students is an increasing concern, with potential implications for their health, academic performance, and future well-being. This study investigated food security within a college community in Mexico, focusing on food ava...
8 November 2021
Due to the limited availability of COVID-19 vaccines, occupational groups with priority access were identified prior to vaccination. The study aimed to analyze motives for vaccination in these occupational groups. Methods: Members of occupational gro...
Japan is a nation which is highly dependent on the import of raw materials to supply its manufacturing industry, notable among them copper. When extracting copper from ore, a large amount of energy is required, typically leading to high levels of CO2...
Multifamily residential sites (MRS) are practical alternatives for securing a carbon uptake source in urban areas where hardscape is dominant, as trees must be planted in the lot area, according to the current landscape-related ordinances in Korea. T...
Farmland is the most precious natural resource and the primary source of food for human beings. Urbanization not only occupies a large amount of farmland spatially, but also economically squeezes agricultural production, resulting in farmland margina...
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in a soil–rice system is closely related to widely concerning issues, such as food security and health risk due to exposure to heavy metals. Therefore, modeling the Cd content in a soil–rice system and identifying r...
Scientific identification of ecological sources and corridors is crucial in constructing an ecological security pattern (ESP). To develop an ESP tailored to the scale of central urban areas in megacities, this study takes Central Beijing as the resea...
Based on the spillover index and an improved spillover asymmetric measure method, this paper studies the volatility spillover and its asymmetric effect between crude oil and agricultural commodity futures in pre- and post-outbreak of COVID-19. We fin...
This study globally analyzes the nonlinear relationship between cereal import dependency and total renewable water resources per capita by testing for potential thresholds in water resources. Data are from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),...
The delineation and measurement of carbon emissions in agricultural production systems constitute a complex issue involving multiple factors. Previous research in this area has been limited in terms of comprehensive carbon emission assessment through...
This study examines the portrayal of Ukrainian refugee women in Polish media, specifically in Gazeta Wyborcza and Rzeczpospolita, over three years of the full-scale Russian–Ukrainian war (24 February 2022–24 February 2025). Using an inter...
Rapid urbanization and intensification of human activities increases the risk of disturbance of ecological systems via multiple sources, with consequences for regional ecological security and health. Landscape ecological risk assessment (LERA) is an...
In the context of new power systems, reasonable capacity optimization of multiple power systems can not only reduce carbon emissions, but also improve system safety and stability. This paper proposes a situation awareness-based capacity optimization...
Climate change has intensified the melting of glaciers and permafrost in high-altitude cold regions, leading to more frequent extreme hydrological events. This has caused significant variations in the spatiotemporal distribution of meltwater runoff f...
Stable growth in grain production is a critical challenge to ensure food security in North China Plain (NCP), an area dominated by smallholder farming. Food production and security of NCP largely depend on how smallholders farm their land. This study...
Photovoltaic (PV) micro-installations producing renewable electricity and automatic pellet boilers producing renewable heat energy are promising solutions for single-family houses. A single-family house equipped with a prosumer 7.56 kWp PV micro-inst...
This study was conducted to secure the sustainability of biogas plants for generating resources from food waste (FW) leachates, which are prohibited from marine dumping and have been obligated to be completely treated on land since 2013 in South Kore...
China’s grain production has been on a pathway parallel to urbanization in the last 30 years. When the balance between the grain supply and demand is considered, contradiction between farming suitability and actual deviation provides warning of...
The improvement of saline-alkali land plays a key role in ensuring food security and promoting agricultural development. Saline soils modifies the response of the soil microbial community, but research is still limited. The effects of applying phosph...
7 September 2019
Due to the widespread use of bisphenol analogues (BPs) as alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA), considerable attention for health risk has been shown in aquatic ecosystems. The occurrence and distribution of six BPs were researched in a soluble phase (&...
Background: The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into healthcare promises significant advancements in patient care and operational efficiency, while simultaneously posing substantial cybersecurity threats to sensitive personal data. Method...
Environmental assessment in high-density urban areas faces significant challenges due to complex building morphology and the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP). This study proposes a morphology-adaptive computational framework that integrates the H...
Antibiotic use in aquaculture has become widespread to sustain production and control bacterial diseases, but it poses significant ecological and human health risks due to residue accumulation and resistance development. This study investigated the o...
16 January 2023
Ecosystem services are closely related to human wellbeing—which refers to the basic material conditions required to maintain high standards of quality of life, of health, and of safety and security, as well as good social relationships, and fre...
Supplemental irrigation based on runoff harvesting is a sustainable solution in the current context of water scarcity that is prevalent in Sahelian countries. Runoff water harvesting ponds (RWHPs) are increasingly being utilized for vegetable cultiva...
During the 2017–2018 influenza season, there was high influenza activity, with a predominance of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 circulation in the country. The influenza circulation pattern in the area of the Yucatan Peninsula was different from that o...
Large plastic items in the environment are degraded into tiny pieces known as microplastics (MPs). MP contamination in tropical lagoon ecosystems poses a significant pollution threat. The mud crab, Scylla serrata, is an important crustacean in the tr...
Energy sources, one of the key elements of economic growth and development, have recently come to the forefront in terms of sustainability, security of supply, low cost, and environmental impact. Therefore, the diversification of energy sources is be...
As a critical ecological barrier and key dryland agricultural zone in China, the Loess Plateau is faced with acute tensions between food security risks arising from cropland abandonment (CA) and the imperatives of ecological conservation. Yet, existi...
Our study focuses on examining the effects of treated wastewater irrigation (TWWI) on agricultural soils in water-scarce regions, with a specific emphasis on the presence and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This issue is part...
of 4