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901 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,552 Views
27 Pages

14 July 2025

With the current acceleration of climate change, there is a global demand for sustainable development and carbon emission reduction. As a major link in the global supply chain, the logistics industry’s green and low-carbon transformation has be...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,555 Views
23 Pages

26 December 2024

In recent years, China’s population growth rate is slowing, and birth rates are declining. The impact of changes in population size and structure on logistics development has raised important concerns. The coupling coordination between populati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,190 Views
32 Pages

24 January 2024

With the growing influences of anthropogenic activities and climatic change, the problem concerning the vulnerability of the Water-Energy-Food-Carbon (WEFC) system in the Yellow River Basin is prominent. Using the VSD framework, the WEFC system vulne...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,036 Views
23 Pages

31 August 2025

Understanding the spatio-temporal evolution of land consolidation is essential for optimizing regional land resource allocation and mitigating human–land conflicts during socio-economic development. This study introduced a novel framework for a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
2,953 Views
25 Pages

7 May 2022

Since the 1930s, due to the rapid development of the city and the increase of population, the demand from Beijing residents for water resources has gradually increased. Land deformation in the Beijing Plain is a serious issue. In order to warn of, an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
60 Citations
8,708 Views
17 Pages

29 December 2018

Road traffic safety is a key concern of transport management as it has severely restricted Chinese economic and social development. With the objective to prevent and reduce road traffic crashes, this study proposes a comprehensive spatiotemporal anal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,603 Views
18 Pages

3 August 2022

The “14th Five-Year Plan” period is a critical period and a window to obtain emission peak and carbon neutrality in China. The Yellow River Basin, a vital location for population activities and economic growth, is significant to China&rsq...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,435 Views
24 Pages

30 January 2025

Against the backdrop of rapid global urbanization, studying the spatiotemporal evolution of cross-regional tourism corridors can effectively guide decision-making for sustainable tourism development. However, previous studies have overlooked the role...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,288 Views
20 Pages

Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics and Prediction of Habitat Quality Changes in the Poyang Lake Region, China

  • Yu Liu,
  • Junxin Zhou,
  • Chenggong Liu,
  • Ning Liu,
  • Bingqiang Fei,
  • Qi Wang,
  • Jiaxiu Zou and
  • Qiong Wu

19 April 2025

The terrestrial spatial patterns were affected by human activities, primarily on regional land use (LU) changes, with habitat quality (HQ) serving as a prerequisite for achieving regional sustainable development. Assessing and predicting the spatiote...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,366 Views
20 Pages

21 December 2022

Spatiotemporal evolution and fluctuation characteristics of a centrifugal compressor are investigated by numerical simulation under near-stall conditions and with a high mass-flow rate. The large-eddy simulation (LES) for unsteady computations is imp...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,428 Views
19 Pages

5 November 2023

As an important mode of transportation for the global trade, waterborne transportation has become a priority option for import and export trade due to its large load capacity and relatively low cost. Meanwhile, shipping safety has been highly valued....

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,079 Views
26 Pages

16 November 2022

In the 21st century, China’s economic development has made great achievements, and at the same time, it has brought about the problem of distribution of production–living–ecology space (PLES). As an important region of population ac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,696 Views
15 Pages

10 January 2024

In this paper, the spatiotemporal evolution of wind turbine (WT) wake characteristics is studied based on lattice Boltzmann method-large eddy simulations (LBM-LES) and grid adaptive encryption at different incoming flow velocities. It is clearly capt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,406 Views
20 Pages

29 January 2024

Agricultural drought events have become more frequent in the Inner Mongolia inland river basin in recent years, and the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and development rules can be accurately and comprehensively understood using the three-d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
932 Views
16 Pages

1 April 2025

Synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) has the advantages of a wide monitoring range, high density, high accuracy, and is not limited by weather conditions, providing a new technical means for landslide research. On 21 August 2021, a landsli...

  • Article
  • Open Access
648 Views
19 Pages

22 September 2025

A quantitative study on the spatial structure and spatiotemporal variation characteristics of net carbon sinks in regional farmland ecosystems is of significant importance for uncovering the multifunctional roles of farmland ecosystems and formulatin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
968 Views
16 Pages

Characteristics of the Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of Soil Organic Matter in the Songnen Plain in China

  • Yao Wang,
  • Yimin Chen,
  • Xinyuan Wang,
  • Baiting Zhang,
  • Yining Sun,
  • Yuhan Zhang,
  • Yuxuan Li,
  • Yueyu Sui and
  • Yingjie Dai

17 October 2025

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key component of nutrient cycling and soil fertility in terrestrial ecosystems. SOM is of great significance to the stability of terrestrial ecosystems and the improvement of soil productivity; to further exert its role...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,012 Views
24 Pages

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Rural Restructuring Evolution and Driving Forces in Mountainous and Hilly Areas

  • Lulu Zhou,
  • Li Wang,
  • Kangchuan Su,
  • Guohua Bi,
  • Hongji Chen,
  • Xiaoyu Liu and
  • Qingyuan Yang

5 June 2022

Rural restructuring is an effective means to boost rural revitalization. Research on rural restructuring and its driving forces is helpful to adjust the evolution direction of key development factors, and form a coupling and coordinated development p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,901 Views
34 Pages

The material foundation of sustainable agricultural development is cultivated land resources, and their sustainable use is critical to fostering agricultural sustainability and guaranteeing national food security. In this paper, the multifunctional e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
835 Views
18 Pages

Event-Based Tracking of Spatiotemporally Contiguous PM2.5 Pollution Events in China

  • Zhihua Zhu,
  • Rongjian Li,
  • Yiming Chen,
  • Zhenlin Zhang,
  • Yiying Guo,
  • Bo Xiong and
  • Yanhui Zheng

14 October 2025

PM2.5 pollution events evolve continuously through spatiotemporal diffusion. However, their three-dimensional spatiotemporal variation characteristics are often overlooked, and the interactions among key characteristics (e.g., duration, maximum conce...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,146 Views
20 Pages

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Carbon Emissions According to Major Function-Oriented Zones: A Case Study of Guangdong Province, China

  • Jiang Zhu,
  • Xiang Li,
  • Huiming Huang,
  • Xiangdong Yin,
  • Jiangchun Yao,
  • Tao Liu,
  • Jiexuan Wu and
  • Zhangcheng Chen

Studying the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon emissions from the perspective of major function-oriented zones (MFOZs) is crucial for making a carbon reduction policy. However, most previous research has ignored the spatial characteristics and MFOZ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,979 Views
28 Pages

12 September 2023

Influenced by historical background, regional economic development, and the frequent occurrence of armed conflict, the human–earth relationship in the Central and Southern Peninsula, which is located in a “fragmented zone”, is chara...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,298 Views
17 Pages

9 December 2024

Frontier research has focused more on the sustainable economic development (SED) of developing countries, with slightly less attention paid to the SED of underdeveloped regions in developing countries, especially without analyzing their driving facto...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,162 Views
31 Pages

3 August 2023

This paper aims to measure the development level and dynamic evolutionary characteristics of the digital business environment, and explore its sustainable development strategies, which would contribute to the sustainable development of the digital ec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,016 Views
17 Pages

14 August 2022

To understand the early warning signs of damage during the coal mass deformation process, an integrated monitoring procedure was designed that combines the apparent resistivity (AR) and acoustic emission (AE) of coal damage under multi-step loading....

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,725 Views
24 Pages

3 August 2023

Water conservation services are key indicators of ecological services. Against the backdrop of frequent extreme weather events and water scarcity caused by global climate change and intensified human activities, assessing these services and their dri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,563 Views
16 Pages

27 May 2024

The value of ecosystem regulation services (ERSV) is a crucial aspect of gross ecosystem product (GEP). Understanding and mastering the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of ERSV is essential for the efficient management of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,305 Views
15 Pages

Wind Field Characteristics of the 13 June 2014 Downburst Event in Beijing Based on Meteorological Tower Records

  • Shi Zhang,
  • Yibo Wang,
  • Zengzhi Qian,
  • Kexin Guo,
  • Xiaoda Xu,
  • Daxing Zhou and
  • Qing Cao

29 December 2024

Understanding the characteristics of downburst wind fields is crucial for studying structural resistance to downbursts. Based on measured data from the 325 m meteorological tower in Beijing, this paper investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of mea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,065 Views
23 Pages

Analysis of Geometric Distortion in Sentinel-1 Images and Multi-Dimensional Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Surface Deformation Along the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project

  • Xiaona Gu,
  • Yongfa Li,
  • Xiaoqing Zuo,
  • Cheng Huang,
  • Mingze Xing,
  • Zhuopei Ruan,
  • Yeyang Yu,
  • Chao Shi,
  • Jingsong Xiao and
  • Qinheng Zou

20 September 2025

The Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project (CYWDP) is currently under construction and represents China’s most extensive and geologically challenging water transfer infrastructure, facing significant geohazard risks induced by intensive engineering a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
597 Views
24 Pages

16 December 2025

Innovation is the core driving force behind the high-quality development and global competitiveness of cities. The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of innovation are of significant value in optimizing the allocation of inn...

  • Article
  • Open Access
798 Views
23 Pages

15 August 2025

The destabilizing damage of rock structures in coal beds engineering is greatly influenced by the bearing rupture features and energy evolution laws of rock–coal assemblages with varying height ratios. In this study, we used PFC3D to create roc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,615 Views
26 Pages

20 January 2025

The formation and development of cities are inseparable from a certain scale of water resources. The information contained in the morphological structures of cities and water systems is often overlooked. Exploring the spatiotemporal evolution of wate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,165 Views
21 Pages

21 May 2025

Ecosystem service flow (ESF) provides a new perspective for understanding the spatial transfer of ecosystem services across urban administrative boundaries, which is of significant importance for optimizing the regional ecological resource allocation...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
2 Citations
875 Views
15 Pages

27 February 2025

The impact generated by landslide-induced surge waves in large reservoirs poses significant threats to the safety of coastal residents and their property. It is essential to further elucidate the characteristics of these surge waves and enhance the c...

  • Essay
  • Open Access
125 Views
26 Pages

7 March 2026

Strategic Emerging Industries (SEIs) are a critical driver of China’s green transition and high-quality development; however, the Ecological and Environmental Effects of Firm Entry and Exit remain insufficiently explored. Based on micro-level d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,471 Views
26 Pages

21 April 2025

Promoting the development of low-carbon renewable energy is crucial for meeting the growing energy demand, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and controlling carbon dioxide emissions. Clarifying the spatiotemporal characteristics of regional renewa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
778 Views
21 Pages

Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Aridity Index and Its Latitudinal Patterns in the Lancang River Basin, China

  • Liping Shan,
  • Hangrui Zhang,
  • Jingsheng Lei,
  • Xiaojuan Ji,
  • Xingji Zhu,
  • Hang Yu and
  • Long Wang

23 September 2025

Under the context of global climate change, aridity responses exhibit significant differences across various latitudinal zones, and quantifying the dependency relationship between aridity and latitudinal zones is of great importance for differentiate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,785 Views
20 Pages

12 June 2023

This paper explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and spatial correlation patterns of green building development differences in 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2012 to 2020 by means of the gravity center analysis model...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
2,964 Views
28 Pages

27 April 2023

Exploring the interaction and coupling effects within the digital economy and eco-economic system resilience in urban agglomeration areas is conducive to promoting high-quality sustainable urban development. Based on the coupling effect perspective,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,385 Views
20 Pages

Modification of IPI Method for Extraction of Short-Term and Imminent OLR Anomalies and Case Study of Two Large Earthquakes

  • Maoning Feng,
  • Pan Xiong,
  • Weixi Tian,
  • Yue Liu,
  • Changhui Ju,
  • Cheng Song and
  • Yongxian Zhang

1 December 2024

The Pattern Informatics Method (PI) was initially developed for medium-to-long-term earthquake prediction by analyzing changes in seismic activity. It has since been refined and extended to identify ionospheric anomalies associated with earthquakes....

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,739 Views
16 Pages

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Precipitation Heterogeneity Characteristics in the Heilongjiang Province from 1961 to 2020

  • Fanxiang Meng,
  • Zhimin Sun,
  • Fangli Dong,
  • Yan Jiang,
  • Hengfei Zhang,
  • Ennan Zheng,
  • Tianxiao Li and
  • Long Yang

14 December 2023

Precipitation unevenness significantly influences the rational allocation of water resources and the management of agricultural irrigation. Based on precipitation data from 29 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province, China, from 1961 to 2020...

  • Article
  • Open Access
384 Views
15 Pages

Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of China’s Ordinary Colleges and Universities

  • Jianwei Sun,
  • Jixin Zhang,
  • Mengchan Chen,
  • Fangqin Yang,
  • Jiaxing Cui and
  • Jing Luo

17 December 2025

China’s higher education system is the largest globally but faces significant spatial imbalance issues. While studies have examined the spatial distribution of universities, long-term dynamic analysis, quantitative exploration of influencing fa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,762 Views
18 Pages

18 November 2022

Carbon emissions (CE) in Anhui Province are closely related to carbon emissions from industrial land (CEIL). In this study, based on industrial land, industrial energy consumption, and related statistical data in Anhui Province from 2000 to 2016, the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,018 Views
20 Pages

Traditional villages are irreplaceable cultural heritages, embodying complex human–environment interactions. This study uses historical geography analysis, kernel density estimation, centroid migration modeling, and Geodetector techniques to an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
935 Views
20 Pages

31 August 2025

Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of croplands is crucial for guiding agricultural transformation, food security, and sustainable land use in Africa. This study employs 30 m resolution land cover data and multi-source datasets to examine the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
361 Views
25 Pages

24 December 2025

In the context of global warming, the continued increase in the frequency of compound events—where drought and high-temperature extremes coincide—has led to severe natural disasters and substantial socio-economic losses. To systematically...

  • Article
  • Open Access
350 Views
24 Pages

Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Groundwater Level in the Hebei Plain During the Past Six Decades

  • Wei Xu,
  • Zizhao Cai,
  • Xiaohua Tian,
  • Qin Zhu,
  • Zhiguang Yang and
  • Shuangying Li

13 January 2026

Intensified water consumption has driven rapid groundwater depletion globally, threatening economic and environmental sustainability. Understanding large-scale groundwater dynamics has been constrained by the scarcity of long-term, high-resolution re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,475 Views
19 Pages

21 June 2023

Ammonia (NH3) is a crucial alkaline component in the atmosphere, with significant impacts on environmental and ecosystem health. However, our understanding of the long-term variability characteristics of NH3 emissions is still limited due to the scar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,048 Views
22 Pages

Based on provincial panel data from 2014 to 2023, this study employs the entropy weight method to construct an indicator system for measuring the logistical resilience of regions along China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The Dagum Gini coef...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,097 Views
21 Pages

9 April 2025

Corn and pig farming are representative sectors of China’s crop production and livestock industries, respectively. The spatial relationship between these two industries is of great significance for coordinating crop–livestock integration...

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