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Keywords = sulphapyridine

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11 pages, 736 KB  
Article
Microcalorimetry as an Effective Tool for the Determination of Thermodynamic Characteristics of Fulvic–Drug Interactions
by Martina Klučáková and Jitka Krouská
Processes 2025, 13(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13010049 - 29 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1025
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment can result in potentially dangerous situations. In soils and sediments, pharmaceuticals can be partially immobilized by interactions with humic substances. Interactions, thus, can strongly affect their mobility and bioavailability. An investigation of the thermodynamic aspects of [...] Read more.
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment can result in potentially dangerous situations. In soils and sediments, pharmaceuticals can be partially immobilized by interactions with humic substances. Interactions, thus, can strongly affect their mobility and bioavailability. An investigation of the thermodynamic aspects of the interactions is largely missing. Thermodynamic parameters are usually calculated on the basis of sorption experiments. Our study is focused on the direct measurements of the heat effect of interactions between fulvic acids and chosen drugs. Well-characterized fulvic sample standards provided by the International Humic Substances Society were used. Ibuprofen, diclofenac, and sulphapyridine were chosen as drugs. Isothermal titration calorimetry provided a complete set of thermodynamic characteristics of underlying processes—interaction enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy. All studied interactions were found to be exothermic with heat liberation between −496 and −9938 J/mol. The lowest enthalpies were obtained for sulphapyridine and the highest ones for ibuprofen (on average). Changes in Gibbs energy were very similar for all studied interactions (20–28 kJ/mol). The highest change in entropy was determined for ibuprofen (73 J/mol·K); values obtained for diclofenac and sulphapyridine were comparable (57 and 56 J/mol·K, respectively). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Features, Reviews and Perspectives for the 10th Anniversary of Processes)
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11 pages, 771 KB  
Article
Agarose Hydrogels Enriched by Humic Acids as a Functional Model for the Transport of Pharmaceuticals in Nature Systems
by Martina Klučáková and Petra Závodská
Molecules 2024, 29(24), 5937; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245937 - 16 Dec 2024
Viewed by 724
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in nature systems poses a threat to the environment, plants, animals, and, last but not least, human health. Their transport in soils, waters, and sediments plays important roles in the toxicity and bioavailability of pharmaceuticals. The mobility of pharmaceuticals [...] Read more.
The presence of pharmaceuticals in nature systems poses a threat to the environment, plants, animals, and, last but not least, human health. Their transport in soils, waters, and sediments plays important roles in the toxicity and bioavailability of pharmaceuticals. The mobility of pharmaceuticals can be affected by their interactions with organic matter and other soil and water constituents. In this study, a model agarose hydrogel enriched by humic acid as a representative of organic matter is used as a transport medium for pharmaceuticals. Sulphapyridine (as a representative of sulphonamide antibiotics) and diclofenac (as a representative of widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) were chosen for experiments in diffusion cells. Pharmaceuticals were passed through the hydrogel from the donor solution to the acceptor compartment and could interact with humic acids incorporated in the hydrogel. The lag time was prolonged if the hydrogel was enriched by humic acids from 134 to 390 s for sulphapyridine and from 323 to 606 s for diclofenac. Similarly, the incorporation of humic acids in the hydrogel resulted in a decrease in the determined diffusion coefficients. The decrease was stronger in the first stage of the experiment when diffusing particles could interact with vacant binding sites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Chemistry)
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12 pages, 1052 KB  
Article
Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Different Freshwater Fish in Northeast China
by Mengnan Shen, Bowen Yu, Yi Hu, Zhi Liu, Ke Zhao, Chenyang Li, Ming Li, Chen Lyu, Hai Lu, Shuang Zhong and Jie Cheng
Toxics 2023, 11(10), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11100835 - 2 Oct 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2068
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the levels of 12 sulfonamide antibiotics in freshwater fish species obtained from three cities in northeastern China (Harbin, Changchun, and Shenyang). The analysis was conducted using HPLC–MS/MS to accurately quantify the antibiotic concentrations in the fish samples. The [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the levels of 12 sulfonamide antibiotics in freshwater fish species obtained from three cities in northeastern China (Harbin, Changchun, and Shenyang). The analysis was conducted using HPLC–MS/MS to accurately quantify the antibiotic concentrations in the fish samples. The results showed that the average levels of sulfonamide antibiotics in fish samples from Harbin, Changchun, and Shenyang were 1.83 ng/g ww, 0.98 ng/g ww, and 1.60 ng/g ww, respectively. Sulfamethoxazole displayed the highest levels and detection rates in all three cities, whereas sulphapyridine exhibited the lowest concentrations in all the fish samples. The levels of sulfonamide antibiotic residues in the different fish species varied widely among the cities, and the highest level of antibiotic residues was found in the muscle of carnivorous fish. The results from a health risk evaluation on the consumption of these fish indicated that the risk from long-term antibiotic exposure to local residents from the intake of the sampled fish was small and not sufficient to pose a significant health risk to consumers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Strategies to Decompose Pollutants)
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