Search Results (16)

This study focuses on the numerical solution and dynamics analysis of fractional governing equations related to double-layer nanoplates based on the shifted Legendre polynomials algorithm. Firstly, the fractional governing equations of the complicated mechanical behavior for bilayer nanoplates are constructed by combining the Fractional Kelvin–Voigt (FKV) model with the Caputo fractional derivative and the theory of nonlocal elasticity. Then, the shifted Legendre polynomial is used to approximate the displacement function, and the governing equations are transformed into algebraic equations to facilitate the numerical solution in the time domain. Moreover, the systematic convergence analysis is carried out to verify the convergence of the ternary displacement function and its fractional derivatives in the equation, ensuring the rigor of the mathematical model. Finally, a dimensionless numerical example is given to verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm, and the effects of material parameters on plate displacement are analyzed for double-layer plates with different materials. Full article

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Hyers–Ulam stability of bi-homomorphisms, bi-derivations, and bi-isomorphisms in $C^{*}$-ternary algebras. The study of functional equations with a sufficient number of variables can be helpful in solving real-world problems such as artificial intelligence. In this paper, we build on previous research on functional equations with four variables to study functional equations with as many variables as desired. We introduce new bounds for the stability of mappings satisfying generalized bi-additive conditions and demonstrate the uniqueness of approximating bi-isomorphisms. The results contribute to the deeper understanding of ternary algebraic structures and related functional equations, relevant to both pure mathematics and quantum information science. Full article

We introduce para-associative algebroids as vector bundles whose sections form a ternary algebra with a generalised form of associativity. We show that a necessary and sufficient condition for local triviality is the existence of a differential connection, i.e., a connection that satisfies the Leibniz rule over the ternary product. Full article

In this article, we investigate the 3D additive-type functional equation. Next, we introduce the ternary hom-multiplier in ternary Banach algebras using the concepts of ternary homomorphisms and ternary multipliers. We first establish proof that solutions to the 3D additive-type functional equation are additive mappings. We further demonstrate that these solutions are $\mathbb{C}$-linear mappings. The final portion of our work examines both the stability and hyperstability properties of the 3D additive-type functional equation, ternary hom-multiplier, and ternary Jordan hom-multiplier on ternary Banach algebras. Our analysis employs the fixed-point theorem using control functions developed by Gǎvruta and Rassias. Full article

Although algebraic structures are frequently analyzed using unary and binary operations, they can also be effectively defined and unified using ternary operations. In this context, we introduce structures that contain two constants and a ternary operation. We demonstrate that these structures are isomorphic to various significant algebraic systems, including Boolean algebras, de Morgan algebras, MV-algebras, and (near-)rings of characteristic two. Our work highlights the versatility of ternary operations in describing and connecting diverse algebraic structures. Full article

We propose a new approach to extend the notion of commutator and Lie algebra to algebras with ternary multiplication laws. Our approach is based on the ternary associativity of the first and second kinds. We propose a ternary commutator, which is a linear combination of six triple products (all permutations of three elements). The coefficients of this linear combination are the cube roots of unity. We find an identity for the ternary commutator that holds due to the ternary associativity of either the first or second kind. The form of this identity is determined by the permutations of the general affine group $GA(1,5)\subset S_5$. We consider this identity as a ternary analog of the Jacobi identity. Based on the results obtained, we introduce the concept of a ternary Lie algebra at cube roots of unity and provide examples of such algebras constructed using ternary multiplications of rectangular and three-dimensional matrices. We also highlight the connection between the structure constants of a ternary Lie algebra with three generators and an irreducible representation of the rotation group. The classification of two-dimensional ternary Lie algebras at cube roots of unity is proposed. Full article

We introduce a new class of division algebras, the hyperpolyadic algebras, which correspond to the binary division algebras $\mathbb{R}$, $\mathbb{C}$, $\mathbb{H}$, $\mathbb{O}$ without considering new elements. First, we use the matrix polyadization procedure proposed earlier which increases the dimension of the algebra. The algebras obtained in this way obey binary addition and a nonderived n-ary multiplication and their subalgebras are division n-ary algebras. For each invertible element, we define a new norm which is polyadically multiplicative, and the corresponding map is a n-ary homomorphism. We define a polyadic analog of the Cayley–Dickson construction which corresponds to the consequent embedding of monomial matrices from the polyadization procedure. We then obtain another series of n-ary algebras corresponding to the binary division algebras which have a higher dimension, which is proportional to the intermediate arities, and which are not isomorphic to those obtained by the previous constructions. Second, a new polyadic product of vectors in any vector space is defined, which is consistent with the polyadization procedure using vectorization. Endowed with this introduced product, the vector space becomes a polyadic algebra which is a division algebra under some invertibility conditions, and its structure constants are computed. Third, we propose a new iterative process (we call it the “imaginary tower”), which leads to nonunital nonderived ternary division algebras of half the dimension, which we call “half-quaternions” and “half-octonions”. The latter are not the subalgebras of the binary division algebras, but subsets only, since they have different arity. Nevertheless, they are actually ternary division algebras, because they allow division, and their nonzero elements are invertible. From the multiplicativity of the introduced “half-quaternion” norm, we obtain the ternary analog of the sum of two squares identity. We show that the ternary division algebra of imaginary “half-octonions” is unitless and totally associative. Full article

The concept of ternary semihypergroups can be considered as a natural generalization of arbitrary ternary semigroups. In fact, each ternary semigroup can be constructed to a ternary semihypergroup. In this article, we investigate some interesting algebraic properties of ternary semihypergroups induced by semihypergroups. Then, we extend the well-known result on group theory and semigroup theory, the so-called Cayley’s theorem, to study on ternary semihypergroups. This leads us to construct the ternary semihypergroups of all multivalued full binary functions. In particular, we investigate that each element of a ternary semihypergroup induced by a semihypergroup can be represented by a multivalued full binary function. Moreover, we introduce the concept of translations for ternary semihypergroups which can be considered as a generalization of translations on ternary semigrgoups. Then, we construct ternary semihypergroups of all multivalued full functions and ternary semihypergroups via translations. So, some interesting algebraic properties are investigated. At the last section, we discover that there are ternary semihypergroups satisfying some significant conditions which can be reduced to semihypergroups. Furthermore, ternary semihypergroups with another one condition can be reduced to idempotent semihypergroups. Full article

Our main goal in this paper is to investigate stochastic ternary antiderivatives (STAD). First, we will introduce the random ternary antiderivative operator. Then, by introducing the aggregation function using special functions such as the Mittag-Leffler function (MLF), the Wright function (WF), the H-Fox function (HFF), the Gauss hypergeometric function (GHF), and the exponential function (EXP-F), we will select the optimal control function by performing the necessary calculations. Next, by considering the symmetric matrix-valued FB-algebra (SMV-FB-A) and the symmetric matrix-valued FC-⋄-algebra (SMV-FC-⋄-A), we check the superstability of the desired operator. After stating each result, the superstability of the minimum is obtained by applying the optimal control function. Full article

We re-examine the appearance of semiheaps and (para-associative) ternary algebras in quantum mechanics. In particular, we review the construction of a semiheap on a Hilbert space and the set of bounded operators on a Hilbert space. The new aspect of this work is a discussion of how symmetries of a quantum system induce homomorphisms of the relevant semiheaps and ternary algebras. Full article

Recently, algebraic Routley–Meyer-style semantics was introduced for basic substructural logics. This paper extends it to fuzzy logics. First, we recall the basic substructural core fuzzy logic MIAL (Mianorm logic) and its axiomatic extensions, together with their algebraic semantics. Next, we introduce two kinds of ternary relational semantics, called here linear Urquhart-style and Fine-style Routley–Meyer semantics, for them as algebraic Routley–Meyer-style semantics. Full article

Let n be a fixed natural number. Ternary Menger algebras of rank n, which was established by the authors, can be regarded as a suitable generalization of ternary semigroups. In this article, we introduce the notion of v-regular ternary Menger algebras of rank n, which can be considered as a generalization of regular ternary semigroups. Moreover, we investigate some of its interesting properties. Based on the concept of n-place functions (n-ary operations), these lead us to construct ternary Menger algebras of rank n of all full n-place functions. Finally, we study a special class of full n-place functions, the so-called left translations. In particular, we investigate a relationship between the concept of full n-place functions and left translations. Full article

A new kind of quantum gates, higher braiding gates, as matrix solutions of the polyadic braid equations (different from the generalized Yang–Baxter equations) is introduced. Such gates lead to another special multiqubit entanglement that can speed up key distribution and accelerate algorithms. Ternary braiding gates acting on three qubit states are studied in detail. We also consider exotic non-invertible gates, which can be related with qubit loss, and define partial identities (which can be orthogonal), partial unitarity, and partially bounded operators (which can be non-invertible). We define two classes of matrices, star and circle ones, such that the magic matrices (connected with the Cartan decomposition) belong to the star class. The general algebraic structure of the introduced classes is described in terms of semigroups, ternary and 5-ary groups and modules. The higher braid group and its representation by the higher braid operators are given. Finally, we show, that for each multiqubit state, there exist higher braiding gates that are not entangling, and the concrete conditions to be non-entangling are given for the obtained binary and ternary gates. Full article

In this note, we first consider a ternary matrix group related to the von Neumann regular semigroups and to the Artin braid group (in an algebraic way). The product of a special kind of ternary matrices (idempotent and of finite order) reproduces the regular semigroups and braid groups with their binary multiplication of components. We then generalize the construction to the higher arity case, which allows us to obtain some higher degree versions (in our sense) of the regular semigroups and braid groups. The latter are connected with the generalized polyadic braid equation and R-matrix introduced by the author, which differ from any version of the well-known tetrahedron equation and higher-dimensional analogs of the Yang-Baxter equation, n-simplex equations. The higher degree (in our sense) Coxeter group and symmetry groups are then defined, and it is shown that these are connected only in the non-higher case. Full article

Let n be a fixed natural number. Menger algebras of rank n, which was introduced by Menger, K., can be regarded as the suitable generalization of arbitrary semigroups. Based on this knowledge, an interesting question arises: what a generalization of ternary semigroups is. In this article, we first introduce the notion of ternary Menger algebras of rank n, which is a canonical generalization of arbitrary ternary semigroups, and discuss their related properties. In the second part, we establish the so-called a diagonal ternary semigroup which its operation is induced by the operation on ternary Menger algebras of rank n and then investigate their interesting properties. Moreover, we introduce the concept of homomorphism and congruences on ternary Menger algebras of rank n. These lead us to study the quotient ternary Menger algebras of rank n and to investigate the homomorphism theorem for ternary Menger algebra of rank n with respect to congruences. Furthermore, the characterization of reduction of ternary Menger algebra into Menger algebra is presented. Full article