Search Results (2)

Modular living walls (MLWs) are increasingly adopted as biophilic façade interventions in high-end commercial environments, yet their behavioural effects at luxury retail entrances remain underexplored. Grounded in the stimulus–organism–response framework, this study investigates how MLWs integrated into luxury retail façades influence visitors’ perceptual, emotional, and behavioural responses at the Beauty Galleria of The Exchange TRX, Kuala Lumpur. Using a field-based survey and structural equation modelling with 400 visitors, the study examines the relationships among MLW presence, perceived naturalness, pleasure, arousal, perceived restorativeness, façade attractiveness, and behavioural intentions. The results show that MLWs significantly enhance perceived naturalness, pleasure, arousal, and perceived restorativeness. These organismic responses positively influence perceived façade attractiveness, which in turn strongly predicts both approach intention and photo-taking intention. Façade attractiveness emerged as a central mediating mechanism, while the indirect effect of MLWs on behavioural intentions was significant. The model explained a substantial proportion of variance in façade attractiveness and confirmed that consumer responses to biophilic façades are primarily shaped through sequential perceptual and affective processes rather than direct stimulus effects. This study extends the application of the S–O–R framework to façade-level biophilic design and provides practical evidence that MLWs can enhance first impressions and consumer engagement in luxury retail environments. Full article

This article suggests a new waveguide design that utilizes a “walled” architecture. Instead of relying on conventional gap waveguide structures to create electronic bandgaps and prevent field leakage, the proposed design introduces a “walled” guiding mechanism. This technique preserves transmission while maintaining the multilayer approach and eliminates the need for nails or chemical bonds to attach the layers. Simulations were carried out in the W-band (75–110 GHz) and D-band (110–170 GHz) using several metals, and measurements were performed in the W-band using aluminum. The simulation results show that the reflection coefficient was less than −40 dB over the entire D-band. At the same time, the average insertion loss was around 0.0054 dB/mm and around 0.0065 dB/mm for silver and gold, respectively. Similarly, the reflection coefficient was less than −45 dB over the 75–110 GHz range, with an average insertion loss of 0.0018 dB/mm for silver and 0.003 dB/mm for gold, respectively. The aluminum model’s reflection coefficient was less than −35 dB, and the average insertion loss was 0.0035 dB/mm. The experimental results achieved a reflection coefficient of less than –30 dB and the average transmission coefficient was −0.2 dB, with an insertion loss of 0.002 dB/mm. The simple stacking ability of the weightless walled metal plates and easy fabrication makes the proposed transmission line a promising technology in mmWave and Terahertz applications. Full article