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High-Performance Concrete: Modification Methods, Sustainability, and Multifunctional Applications
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High-Performance Concrete: Modification Methods, Sustainability, and Multifunctional Applications

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2024) | Viewed by 3090

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yekai Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Building Engineering and Mechanics, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
Interests: intelligent construction; 3D printing; concrete material research and development; structural performance
Prof. Dr. Weiqiang Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Interests: FRP; UHPC; blast and impact engineering; 3D concrete printing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yiwei Weng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 100872, China
Interests: 3D concrete printing; sustainable materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhaoyao Wang

E-Mail
Guest Editor
School of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
Interests: UHPC; high-strength steel bar; steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC); mechanical behavior; fiber pullout behavior
Dr. Qiao Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
Interests: 3D printing construction; 3D printing concrete; HPC
Dr. Ruizhe Shao

E-Mail
Guest Editor
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney 2007, Australia
Interests: UHPC; dry UHPC; geopolymer UHPC; eco-friendly concrete; composite structure; impact resistance; damage mechanics; finite element analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High-performance concrete or ultra-high-performance concrete (HPC/UHPC) have received extensive attention over the past few decades. Compared to traditional concrete materials, HPC/UHPC not only has extremely high mechanical properties, but also has high ductility. Meanwhile, due to the addition of SCMs and additives, it has excellent durability. These characteristics make HPC/UHPC suitable for use in a great variety of application scenarios, such as in 3D printing construction, dry concrete construction, protective reinforcement, etc.

Although there is increasing research on HPC/UHPC, many challenges and research barriers remain unresolved and require that further innovative exploration be conducted. This Special Issue aims to provide a platform to showcase the latest developments in HPC/UHPC at the material and structural scales.

This Issue will publish high-quality original research papers in the following fields. These include, bu are not limited to:

  • Latest modification methods and mechanism analysis;
  • Low carbon, energy-saving, and sustainable;
  • 3D printing performance and structural applications;
  • Multiple application scenarios.

Dr. Yekai Yang
Prof. Dr. Weiqiang Wang
Dr. Yiwei Weng
Dr. Zhaoyao Wang
Dr. Qiao Wang
Dr. Ruizhe Shao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high-performance concrete
  • modification
  • 3D printing
  • sustainability
  • dry concrete
  • mechanism analysis
  • mechanical property

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1086 KiB  
Article
Time-Dependent Behavior of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Beams under Long-Term Bending Loads
by Jiayue Li, Yankai Lu, Xiaorui Jia, Bo Liu, Juannong Chen and Qingjuan Meng
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1761; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061761 (registering DOI) - 11 Jun 2024
Abstract
In the past, scholars have studied the creep of UHPC, mainly in compression and tension but not bending creep. In this research, 20 ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) beams were tested for bending creep under long-term loading, and the changes of beam deflection, [...] Read more.
In the past, scholars have studied the creep of UHPC, mainly in compression and tension but not bending creep. In this research, 20 ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) beams were tested for bending creep under long-term loading, and the changes of beam deflection, temperature, and humidity with time were obtained for 445 days of continuous loading. The deflection patterns of UHPC beams with time were analyzed for different steel fiber content, curing systems, water/binder ratio, sand/binder ratio, and stress levels. The results showed that steel fiber had an obvious inhibition effect on initial deflection, but a dosage of steel fiber too high would offset part of the inhibition effect of steel fiber on creep. The use of heat treatment had a better inhibition of creep in the later stage of UHPC, but heat treatment must be matched with necessary moisture content, and hot water maintenance was the most efficient. Both a high water/binder ratio and high stress level increased the bending creep of the specimen. Bending creep increased with the increase in the sand/binder ratio. Therefore, attention should be paid to the total amount and ratio of cementitious materials and fine aggregates in UHPC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Concrete: Modification Methods, Sustainability, and Multifunctional Applications)
11 pages, 2629 KiB  
Article
Clinker-Free Cement Manufactured with Metallurgical Slags
by Marcel Demarco, Fernando Vernilli and Sara Carvalho Zago
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1739; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061739 - 10 Jun 2024
Viewed by 248
Abstract
Steel slag is a significant environmental liability generated by pyrometallurgical processes. Residue generation, such as granulated blast furnace slag and basic oxygen slag (BOF), is intrinsic in steel production. Blast furnace slag, generated in the carbothermal reduction of iron ore, is almost entirely [...] Read more.
Steel slag is a significant environmental liability generated by pyrometallurgical processes. Residue generation, such as granulated blast furnace slag and basic oxygen slag (BOF), is intrinsic in steel production. Blast furnace slag, generated in the carbothermal reduction of iron ore, is almost entirely used as a supplementary cement material in Portland cement. BOF slag, produced in the conversion of pig iron into steel in a basic oxygen converter, is still not consolidated or valued for reuse. This research proposes the reuse and valorization of BOF slag combined with blast furnace slag in clinker-free cement production. Cement formulations were produced with different slag and gypsum contents, ranging from 80 to 90% blast furnace slag, 10 to 20% gypsum, and 10 to 15% BOF slag. All formulations were evaluated for compressive strength at ages of 3, 7, 14, 28, 91, and 180 days of curing. At the initial ages, the cement formulations exhibited high resistance. On the 3rd day, the cement formulations reached up to 10 MPa, and on the 7th day, 40 MPa. At late ages, the best-performing formulation, ECO2, showed, after 28 days of hydration, a compressive strength greater than 50 MPa, and at 180 days, a compressive strength greater than 80 MPa. It was possible to understand that BOF slag acts in cement alkaline activation with pH increase, more or less actively due to the presence of lime, portlandite, and calcite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Concrete: Modification Methods, Sustainability, and Multifunctional Applications)
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13 pages, 1897 KiB  
Article
New Natural Frequency Studies of Orthotropic Plates by Adopting a Two-Dimensional Modified Fourier Series Method
by Zhaoying Wu, An Li, Yu Wu, Zhiming Yin and Salamat Ullah
Buildings 2024, 14(3), 687; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030687 - 5 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 547
Abstract
The free vibration behavior of orthotropic thin plates, which are clamped at three edges and free at one edge, is a matter of great concern in the engineering field. Various numerical/approximate approaches have been proposed for the present problem; however, lack precise analytic [...] Read more.
The free vibration behavior of orthotropic thin plates, which are clamped at three edges and free at one edge, is a matter of great concern in the engineering field. Various numerical/approximate approaches have been proposed for the present problem; however, lack precise analytic benchmark solutions are lacking in the literature. In the present study, we propose a modified two-dimensional Fourier series method to effectively handle free vibration problems of plates under various edge conditions. In the given solution, the adopted trial function automatically satisfies several boundary conditions. After imposing Stoke’s transformation in the trial function and letting it satisfy the remaining boundary conditions, we can change the present plate problem into calculating several systems of linear algebra equations which are easily handled. The present method can be regarded as an easily implemented, rational, and rigorous approach, as it can exactly satisfy both the governing equation and the associated edge conditions. Another advantage of the present method over other analytical approaches is that it has general applicability to various boundary conditions through the utilization of different types of Fourier series, and it can be extended for the further dynamic/static analysis of plates under different shear deformation theories. Finally, all the novel analytical solutions are confirmed to be sufficiently accurate since they match well with the FEM results. The new analytic solution obtained may serve as a benchmark for validating other numerical and approximate methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Concrete: Modification Methods, Sustainability, and Multifunctional Applications)
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20 pages, 6750 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Volumetric Stability of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Composites with Organic Modifiers WER and SCA
by Mo Zhang, Yongquan Zang and Lingyan Shan
Buildings 2024, 14(3), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030586 - 22 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 671
Abstract
Shrinkage during hardening and curing is one of the largest challenges for the widespread application of metakaolin-based geopolymers (MKGs). To solve this problem, a silane coupling agent (SCA) and waterborne epoxy resin (WER) were used to synthesize MKG composites. The individual and synergistic [...] Read more.
Shrinkage during hardening and curing is one of the largest challenges for the widespread application of metakaolin-based geopolymers (MKGs). To solve this problem, a silane coupling agent (SCA) and waterborne epoxy resin (WER) were used to synthesize MKG composites. The individual and synergistic effects of the SCA and WER on chemical, autogenous, and drying shrinkage were assessed, the modification mechanisms were investigated by microstructural characterization, and shrinkage resistance was evaluated by the chloride ion permeability of MKG composite coatings. The results showed that the SCA and WER significantly decreased the chemical shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage, and drying shrinkage of the MKG, with the highest reductions of 46.4%, 131.2%, and 25.2% obtained by the combination of 20 wt% WER and 1 wt% SCA. The incorporation of the organic modifiers densified the microstructure. Compared with the MKG, the total volume of mesopores and macropores in MKG-WER, MKG-SCA, and MKG-WER-SCA decreased by 11.5%, 8.7%, and 3.8%, respectively. In particular, the silanol hydrolyzed from the SCA can react with the opened epoxy ring of the WER and the aluminosilicate oligomers simultaneously to form a compact network and resist shrinkage during the hardening and continuous reaction of the geopolymer. Furthermore, the apparently lowered chloride ion diffusion coefficient of concrete (i.e., reduction of 51.4% to 59.5%) by the WER- and SCA-modified MKG coatings verified their improved shrinkage resistance. The findings in this study provide promising methods to essentially solve the shrinkage problem of MKGs at the microscale and shed light on the modification mechanism by WERs and SCAs, and they also suggest the applicability of MKG composites in protective coatings for marine concrete. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Concrete: Modification Methods, Sustainability, and Multifunctional Applications)
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21 pages, 5277 KiB  
Article
The Generation of the Target Aftershock Spectrum Based on the Conditional Mean Spectrum of Aftershocks
by Ruiguang Zhu, Bohan Du, Yekai Yang and Dagang Lu
Buildings 2023, 13(10), 2660; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102660 - 22 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 952
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the responses of various structures to the mainshock–aftershock (MS–AS) ground motion, and the MS–AS ground motions are very important as the input. Therefore, in the absence of aftershock information, it is particularly critical to construct a reasonable MS–AS seismic [...] Read more.
Numerous studies have examined the responses of various structures to the mainshock–aftershock (MS–AS) ground motion, and the MS–AS ground motions are very important as the input. Therefore, in the absence of aftershock information, it is particularly critical to construct a reasonable MS–AS seismic sequence. This paper aims to provide a new reasonable method for generating the target aftershock response spectrum, which can be used to select or artificially simulate aftershock ground motion, given the seismic information of the main shock. Firstly, the magnitude, fault size, and location of the aftershock are determined. Then, other parameters required for the aftershock ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) are calculated. Subsequently, the correlation of the spectral shape to the MS–AS ground motion is used to modify the response spectrum predicted using the GMPE to obtain the conditional mean spectrum of aftershocks (CMSA). Finally, the relative errors of the predicted spectrum via the ASK14 model and CMSA are compared for four different assumptions. The results show that the simulated aftershock parameters and the actual ones accord well, and the relative errors of the CMSA can be controlled within 20%. Meanwhile, the discrete property of the target aftershock response spectrum is closer to the real recorded response spectrum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Concrete: Modification Methods, Sustainability, and Multifunctional Applications)
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