Journal Description
Buildings
Buildings
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on building science, building engineering and architecture published monthly online by MDPI. The International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) is affiliated with Buildings and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Engineering, Civil) / CiteScore - Q1 (Architecture)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 14.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Companion Journal: Architecture.
Impact Factor:
3.8 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.8 (2022)
Latest Articles
Analysis of the Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Traditional Mosque Architecture in the Hehuang Area (China)
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1258; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051258 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2024
Abstract
Clarifying the spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of mosque architecture in China’s Hehuang region has significant positive implications for the overall protection and development of the region’s architectural cultural heritage. This study utilizes field surveys and acquires POI data of traditional mosques built
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Clarifying the spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of mosque architecture in China’s Hehuang region has significant positive implications for the overall protection and development of the region’s architectural cultural heritage. This study utilizes field surveys and acquires POI data of traditional mosques built before 1993 in the region to analyze the distribution characteristics of mosques, aiming to explore future development trends of these religious structures. It also investigates the influencing factors, with the goal of emphasizing the primary and secondary factors affecting mosque distribution. The study finds the following: (1) Mosques are generally centered around the Huangshui Valley, displaying a “central clustering, peripheral dispersal” distribution pattern, forming a spatial structure of “two cores, one belt, multiple points”, with distinct differentiation and overall uneven distribution. (2) Mosques are primarily situated at elevations between 2147 and 2764 m; on slopes less than 15°, in sunny and gentle slopes; within 20 km from rivers; within 14 km from roads; in areas receiving 400–500 mm annual rainfall; and within temperature ranges of 5.54–10.22°C. (3) The study also finds that the spatial distribution of mosques is profoundly influenced by both natural geographical factors and human environmental factors. The better the natural location, the larger and denser the population, the richer the cultural resources, the higher the level of economic development, and the greater the concentration of Hui people, the more numerous and concentrated the mosques. (4) Population factors are the dominant factors for the clustered distribution of traditional mosques in the Hehuang area. Since the construction of mosques in the region is closely related to the number of Hui people and the proportion of Muslim adherents, areas with a high concentration of mosques also have relatively larger populations of Hui people. Temperature, precipitation, altitude, rivers, and roads are foundational factors for traditional mosques in the Hehuang area, influencing mosque distribution as external factors.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)
Open AccessFeature PaperArticle
Research Review of Green Building Rating System under the Background of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality
by
Jin Mao, Hao Yuan, Lun Xiong and Bo Huang
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1257; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051257 - 29 Apr 2024
Abstract
In order to foster a more sustainable and eco-friendly trajectory for the construction industry, while concurrently mitigating environmental pollution and energy inefficiency, it is imperative to cultivate an environmentally conscious building and urban environment. Under the background of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality,
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In order to foster a more sustainable and eco-friendly trajectory for the construction industry, while concurrently mitigating environmental pollution and energy inefficiency, it is imperative to cultivate an environmentally conscious building and urban environment. Under the background of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality, the green building rating system has become a research hotspot in the field of green building. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of the GBRS in weight setting, indicator setting, and the evaluation process, and creatively proposes the following three directions for future research: (1) Weight determination methods based on machine learning or deep learning models, and reasonable weight allocation by mixing multiple evaluation methods. (2) Setting dynamic evaluation indicators, strengthening interdisciplinary research and regional consideration, and introducing a life cycle assessment to solve the problem of setting indicators in the existing evaluation system. (3) Combine building information modeling with GBRS to realize the automation and intelligence of evaluation and improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of evaluation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technology of Green Intelligent Construction and Risk Assessment in Architectural Structures)
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Open AccessReview
Frontier Revitalisation of Industrial Heritage with Urban–Rural Fringe in China
by
Tingjiang Gan, Juan Chen, Muxia Yao, Jeremy Cenci, Jiazhen Zhang and Yunxiao He
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1256; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051256 - 29 Apr 2024
Abstract
The urban–rural fringe is at the forefront of the confrontation between the agricultural and industrial civilisations. How to handle the relationship between the two civilisations in this region and ensure its sustainable development is an eternal topic in the science of the human-living
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The urban–rural fringe is at the forefront of the confrontation between the agricultural and industrial civilisations. How to handle the relationship between the two civilisations in this region and ensure its sustainable development is an eternal topic in the science of the human-living environment. Thanks to the special historical background of the Third Line construction, China’s industrial heritage connects with the urban–rural fringe that surpasses other countries. For the first time, this study connects China’s Third Line construction, industrial heritage, and urban–rural integration within the same context, combining big data bibliometric methods to obtain the development characteristics and context of China’s industrial heritage research starting from 2004. It has strong policy characteristics, is influenced by administrative orders, and is aligned with urbanisation efforts. Theoretical exploration is the first step in research, followed by value connotations and cultural qualities. It addresses various topics, including industrial heritage conservation, regeneration approaches, and cultural heritage tourism. The research focuses primarily on the value appraisal of industrial heritage, exploring revitalisation tactics and routes, as well as regional development models in urban–rural periphery areas. This study also examines how scholars generally consider the impact of industrial heritage on the economic, social, and cultural development of urban–rural fringe areas in order to integrate and propose various protection and utilisation strategies, such as industrial heritage preservation, cultural and creative industry development, and tourism resource development.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Industrial Heritage Protection and Sustainable Development in the Context of High-Density Urban Environment)
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Open AccessArticle
Research on Statistical Characteristics and Prediction Methods of Ferronickel Slag Pervious Concrete Performance with Different Sizes of Aggregate and Mixtures
by
Zhongping Tang, Hua Peng, Shixiang Yi and Fan Feng
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1255; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051255 - 29 Apr 2024
Abstract
In the exploration of sustainable construction materials, the application of ferronickel slag (FNS) in creating pervious concrete has been investigated, considering its potential to meet the dual requirements of mechanical strength and fluid permeability. To elucidate the statistical properties and models for predicting
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In the exploration of sustainable construction materials, the application of ferronickel slag (FNS) in creating pervious concrete has been investigated, considering its potential to meet the dual requirements of mechanical strength and fluid permeability. To elucidate the statistical properties and models for predicting the performance of FNS-composited pervious concrete with different sizes of aggregates and mixtures, a series of experiments, including 54 kinds of mixtures and three kinds of aggregate, were conducted. The focus was on measuring the compressive strength and the permeability coefficient. The results indicate that the compressive strength of pervious concrete decreases with the increase in aggregate size, while the permeability coefficient increases with the increase in aggregate size. Through normalization, the variability of these properties was quantitatively analyzed, revealing coefficients of variation for the concrete’s overall compressive strength and the permeability coefficient at 0.166, 0.132, and 0.150, respectively. Predictive models were developed using machine learning techniques, such as Linear Regression, Support Vector Machines, Regression Trees, and Gaussian Process Regression. These models demonstrated proficiency in forecasting the concrete’s compressive strength and permeability coefficient.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation)
Open AccessArticle
Optimising Plate Thickness in Interlocking Inter-Module Connections for Modular Steel Buildings: A Finite Element and Random Forest Approach
by
Khaled Elsayed, Azrul A. Mutalib, Mohamed Elsayed and Mohd Reza Azmi
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1254; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051254 - 29 Apr 2024
Abstract
Interlocking Inter-Module Connections (IMCs) in Modular Steel Buildings (MSBs) have garnered significant interest from researchers. Despite this, the optimisation of plate thicknesses in such structures has yet to be extensively explored in the existing literature. Therefore, this paper focuses on optimising the thickness
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Interlocking Inter-Module Connections (IMCs) in Modular Steel Buildings (MSBs) have garnered significant interest from researchers. Despite this, the optimisation of plate thicknesses in such structures has yet to be extensively explored in the existing literature. Therefore, this paper focuses on optimising the thickness of interlocking IMCs in MSBs by leveraging established experimental and numerical simulation methodologies. The study developed various numerical models for IMCs with plate thicknesses of 4 mm, 6 mm, 10 mm, and 12 mm, all subjected to compression loading conditions. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive parametric analysis, which evaluates the slip prediction model. A random forest regression model, trained using the ‘TreeBagger’ function, was also implemented to predict slip values based on applied force. Sensitivity analysis and comparisons with alternative methods underscored the reliability and applicability of the findings. The results indicate that a plate thickness of 11.03 mm is optimal for interlocking IMCs in MSBs, achieving up to 8.08% in material cost reductions while increasing deformation resistance by up to 50.75%. The ‘TreeBagger’ random forest regression significantly enhanced slip prediction accuracy by up to 7% at higher force levels.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Structures)
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Open AccessArticle
Study on Labor Productivity Improvement Based on Situational Awareness and Improved Value Stream Mapping
by
Lixuan Jiang, Hongying Shen and Jinhua Zhang
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1253; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051253 - 29 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study addresses the issue of poor construction labor productivity, exploring the process and methodology for increasing construction workers’ participation in labor productivity improvement, as well as a situational awareness (SA) development approach for construction workers based on lean construction (LC). A framework
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This study addresses the issue of poor construction labor productivity, exploring the process and methodology for increasing construction workers’ participation in labor productivity improvement, as well as a situational awareness (SA) development approach for construction workers based on lean construction (LC). A framework for enhancing labor productivity through SA has been developed. A case study approach is utilized to describe the LC improvement process, which includes enhancing construction workers’ SA for waste minimization and process optimization and engaging them in LC with improved value stream mapping (VSM). The labor productivity measurement approach, combined with VSM, is used to evaluate the labor productivity improvement with labor productivity improvement rate, resource efficiency, and flow efficiency. The results demonstrate that the labor productivity of the case project has increased by 24.07%, with 11.54% contributing resource efficiency and 88.46% contributing flow efficiency, indicating a greater increase in flow efficiency. This study fills a research gap in terms of the combination of construction workers’ SA enhancement and the involvement of LC practices to boost labor productivity. Furthermore, this study proposes an SA development approach based on LC at three levels: waste perception, VSM implementation, and labor productivity improvement assessment. This provides new perspectives for leveraging construction workers’ SA to increase labor productivity. The improved VSM approach and labor productivity measurements provide an operationalization of workers’ participation in continuous improvement. This research is of great practical relevance for augmenting the competencies of construction laborers and inspiring them to engage in labor productivity enhancement.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unearthing the Value of Data in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry)
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Open AccessArticle
Wind-Induced Aerodynamic Effects on Set-Back Tall Buildings Using LES
by
Nan-Ting Yu, Wei-Hao Li, Yu Zheng and Wei-Bin Yuan
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1252; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051252 - 29 Apr 2024
Abstract
Set-back modification represents a dependable method to reducing the wind effects on high-rise buildings, but the flow mechanism and aerodynamic responses of set-back tall buildings have not been explored systematically. Using the square building as the benchmark model, six set-back building models with
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Set-back modification represents a dependable method to reducing the wind effects on high-rise buildings, but the flow mechanism and aerodynamic responses of set-back tall buildings have not been explored systematically. Using the square building as the benchmark model, six set-back building models with varying steps and sizes were chosen for numerical simulation in this study. The results of mean wind pressure and local wind force distribution, power spectral densities of base moment, flow field, and structural response of the proposed building models are compared and analysed using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique. The results demonstrate that the aerodynamic performance of set-back tall buildings dramatically improved, with the actual optimization in the cross-wind direction being more significant. Generally, a single set-back measure can enhance the aerodynamic performance of high-rise buildings more effectively than a double set-back measure. The outcome of this study provides an aerodynamic design guide for set-back tall buildings.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic New Trends in Advanced Construction Technology, Sustainable Construction Materials and High-Performance Building Structures)
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Open AccessArticle
Investigation of Key Parameters Influencing Shear Behavior in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)-Reinforced Concrete (RC) Interior Slab–Column Connections
by
Loai Alkhattabi, Nehal M. Ayash, Mohamed Hassan and Ahmed Gouda
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1251; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051251 - 28 Apr 2024
Abstract
This article explores the punching shear behavior of GFRP-RC interior slab–column connections. The parameters tested included the column–aspect ratio (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0), perimeter-to-depth ratio for square column stubs with side lengths of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 meters, and
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This article explores the punching shear behavior of GFRP-RC interior slab–column connections. The parameters tested included the column–aspect ratio (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0), perimeter-to-depth ratio for square column stubs with side lengths of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 meters, and span-to-depth ratios of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. A review of the literature revealed that no previous study has investigated the effect of these parameters or their interactions on this type of connection. Numerically, twenty-five slabs were created using finite element (FE) software (V3), each with square dimensions of 2.5 meters and a constant thickness of 0.2 meters. The central column extended 0.3 meters from the top and bottom of the slab. All four sides of the slabs were supported, and the specimens underwent pure static shear load testing. The test results demonstrated that all slabs failed due to punching shear. Increasing any parameter value reduced the punching shear stresses. Additionally, the results indicated that Canadian (CSA-S806-12) and Japanese (JSCE-97) standards for FRP-RC materials generally provided the closest predictions of punching shear capacity compared to the American guideline, ACI 440.1R-22. However, all standards exhibited shortcomings and require enhancement and modifications, particularly to consider the impact of the span-to-depth ratio. Therefore, three equations were developed to predict the shear strength of the connections, yielding better results than those prescribed by the North American and Japanese standards.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Numerical and Computer Methods in Civil Engineering—2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
Mathematical and Physical Characteristics of the Phase Spectrum of Earthquake Ground Motions
by
Yanqiong Ding, Yazhou Xu and Huiquan Miao
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1250; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051250 - 28 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study presents a rigorous investigation into the mathematical and physical properties inherent in the Fourier phase spectrum of earthquake ground motions. This exploration includes a detailed examination of the probability distribution of phase angles and differences, elucidated through two novel numerical experiments
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This study presents a rigorous investigation into the mathematical and physical properties inherent in the Fourier phase spectrum of earthquake ground motions. This exploration includes a detailed examination of the probability distribution of phase angles and differences, elucidated through two novel numerical experiments utilizing the reduction ad absurdum approach. Moreover, the study scrutinizes the physical attributes of earthquake ground motion’s phase spectrum, employing the circular frequency-dependent phase derivative as a key analytical factor. In a novel approach, the research delves into the relationship between circular frequency-dependent phase derivatives and Fourier amplitudes, shedding light on essential connections within earthquake phenomena, particularly addressing non-stationarity. Expanding the scope, the study comprehensively examines the influence of source, propagation path, and site on both the phase spectrum and accelerogram. Employing the control variate technique facilitates this analysis, providing valuable insights into the underlying physical mechanisms governing earthquake wave behavior. The findings highlight the temporal properties of the phase spectrum, attributing its complexity to the temporal heterogeneity in energy release during the fault rupture and dispersion of earthquake waves. This novel approach not only enhances the understanding of earthquake dynamics, but also underscores the significance of considering temporal variations in earthquake events.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Seismic Ground Motions and Their Application in Structural Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
A Sustainable Steel-GFRP Composite Bars Reinforced Concrete Structure: Investigation of the Bonding Performance
by
Guoliang Huang, Ji Shi, Wenzhuo Lian, Linbo Hong, Shuzhuo Zhi, Jialing Yang, Caiyan Lin, Junhong Zhou and Shuhua Xiao
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1249; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051249 - 28 Apr 2024
Abstract
Steel-fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bars (SFCBs) can enhance the controllability of damage in concrete structures; thus, studying the interfacial bonding between them is fundamental and a prerequisite for achieving deformation coordination and collaboration. However, research on the interfacial bonding performance between SFCBs
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Steel-fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bars (SFCBs) can enhance the controllability of damage in concrete structures; thus, studying the interfacial bonding between them is fundamental and a prerequisite for achieving deformation coordination and collaboration. However, research on the interfacial bonding performance between SFCBs and concrete remains inadequate. This study conducted central pullout tests on SFCB-concrete specimens with different concrete strengths (C30, C50, and C70), bar diameters (12, 16 and 20 mm), and hoop reinforcement constraints, analyzing variations in failure modes, bond-slip curves, bond strength, etc. Additionally, finite element simulations were performed using ABAQUS software to further validate the bonding mechanism of SFCB-concrete. The results showed that the failure mode of the specimens was related to the confinement effect on the bars. Insufficient concrete cover and lack of hoop restraint led to splitting failure, whereas pullout failure occurred otherwise. For the specimens with pullout failure, the interfacial damage between the SFCB and concrete was mainly caused by the surface fibers wear of the bar and the shear of the concrete lugs, which indicated that the bond of the SFCB-concrete interface consisted mainly of mechanical interlocking forces. In addition, the variation of concrete strength as well as bar diameter did not affect the bond-slip relationship of SFCB-concrete. However, the bond strength of SFCB-concrete increased with the increase of concrete strength. For example, compared with C30 concrete, when the concrete strength was increased to C70, the bond strength of the specimens under the same conditions was increased to 50–101.6%. In contrast, the bond strength of the specimens decreased by 13.29–28.71% when the bar diameter was increased from 12 to 14 mm. These discoveries serve as valuable references for the implementation of sustainable SFCB-reinforced concrete structures.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Gen Cementitious Composites for Sustainable Construction)
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Open AccessArticle
Indoor Light Environment Factors That Affect the Psychological Satisfaction of Occupants in Office Facilities
by
Kirim Kim and Kyungsun Lee
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1248; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051248 - 28 Apr 2024
Abstract
Recently, human well-being has emerged as a pivotal concern that affects not only quality of life but also social and economic dimensions. Lighting in office spaces is crucial for the health and cognitive function of occupants, and various methods are used to assess
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Recently, human well-being has emerged as a pivotal concern that affects not only quality of life but also social and economic dimensions. Lighting in office spaces is crucial for the health and cognitive function of occupants, and various methods are used to assess it. However, there is still a lack of research investigating the relationship between lighting satisfaction and its key factors in diverse spaces. This study focused on the office light environment, using quantitative and qualitative data analysis to understand occupants’ satisfaction and the factors influenced by lighting characteristics. According to the results, occupant satisfaction was higher in light environments with illuminance levels exceeding the appropriate illuminance standard. Furthermore, the influx of daylight and its influencing factors, such as daylight exposure and window size, played a significant role in enhancing satisfaction. However, while daylight was a primary source of glare, its mitigation was not solely reliant on installations, such as blinds; architectural designs, including space arrangement, were also crucial in addressing it. Furthermore, the perception of the lighting environment varied based on work behaviors and spatial arrangements, influencing satisfaction with the lighting conditions. Therefore, a comprehensive approach that considers lighting elements, human behavior, and architectural design is essential in creating a lighting environment for office occupants.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)
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Open AccessArticle
Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediction of Failure Modes and Punching Resistance in Slab-Column Connections with Shear Reinforcement
by
Huajun Yan, Nan Xie and Dandan Shen
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051247 - 28 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study presents a data-driven model for identifying failure modes (FMs) and predicting the corresponding punching shear resistance of slab-column connections with shear reinforcement. An experimental database that contains 328 test results is used to determine nine input variables based on the punching
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This study presents a data-driven model for identifying failure modes (FMs) and predicting the corresponding punching shear resistance of slab-column connections with shear reinforcement. An experimental database that contains 328 test results is used to determine nine input variables based on the punching shear mechanism. A comparison is conducted between three typical machine learning (ML) approaches: random forest (RF), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and two hybrid optimized algorithms: grey wolf optimization (GWO) and whale optimization algorithm (WOA). It was found that the XGBoost classifier had the highest accuracy rate, precision, and recall values for FM identification. In testing, WOA-XGBoost has the best accuracy in predicting punching shear resistance, with R2, MAE, and RMSE values of 0.9642, 0.087 MN, and 0.126 MN, respectively. However, a comparison between experimental values and calculated values derived from classical analytical methods clearly demonstrates that existing design codes need to be improved. Additionally, Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) were applied to explain the model’s predictions, with factors categorized according to their impact on failure modes and punching shear resistance. By modifying these parameters, punching resistance can be improved while reducing unpredictable failure. With the proposed hybrid algorithms, it is possible to determine the failure modes and the punching shear resistance of slabs during the preliminary stages of the construction.
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(This article belongs to the Section Building Structures)
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Open AccessArticle
Green Roofs on Shipping Containers: How Substrate Thickness Affects Thermal Performance
by
Cléo de Araújo Moura, Bianca Botelho de Freitas, Ailton Pinto Alves Filho and Cyro Albuquerque
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1246; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051246 - 27 Apr 2024
Abstract
Green roofs have become a popular sustainable solution in urban areas, and in recent years, shipping containers have gained popularity as a sustainable alternative for housing. A promising proposal is to combine these two solutions. This research aims to analyze the thermal behavior
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Green roofs have become a popular sustainable solution in urban areas, and in recent years, shipping containers have gained popularity as a sustainable alternative for housing. A promising proposal is to combine these two solutions. This research aims to analyze the thermal behavior of experimental modules of scale constructions. Four modules were constructed with different substrate thicknesses (4, 6, 8, and 12 cm) to verify the impact on thermal behavior and provide guidance for this technology. Additionally, another module was built without a green roof for control purposes. The indoor and outdoor air temperatures and humidities, soil moistures, and temperatures between green roof layers were recorded in a tropical climate in summer. The behavior was similar between the different thicknesses for the whole period but with significant differences in the indoor temperature amplitudes (13.8 °C for the thinner substrate, 9.7 °C for the thicker one, and 38.7 °C for the bare roof). This study also revealed considerable heat conduction between the side walls and the slab, which resulted in an upward heat flow to the substrate during a day with a clear sky, which is the opposite of what is observed in conventional roofs. During the night and rainy periods, temperatures tend to become closer between the roof’s layers when the substrate dissipates the energy absorbed throughout the day.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems)
Open AccessArticle
How Can Conflicts with Supervisors or Coworkers Affect Construction Workers’ Safety Performance on Site? Two Cross-Sectional Studies in North America
by
Yuting (Tina) Chen, Douglas Hyatt, Arash Shahi, Awad Hanna and Mahdi Safa
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1245; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051245 - 27 Apr 2024
Abstract
A safety plateau in the construction industry has been reported in the US and Canada, which has prompted researchers to seek new factors affecting construction safety performance. Tapping into advancements in the theory of human and organizational behaviors can yield valuable new perspectives.
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A safety plateau in the construction industry has been reported in the US and Canada, which has prompted researchers to seek new factors affecting construction safety performance. Tapping into advancements in the theory of human and organizational behaviors can yield valuable new perspectives. Therefore, by leveraging the advancement of the Job Demand Control Support model in the field of occupational safety and health, this paper firstly tested the impact of one newly added hindrance stressor (i.e., interpersonal conflicts on construction sites) by researchers on organizational behaviors on the safety performance of construction workers, based on two cross-sectional studies in the US and Canada. Differentiations were made between conflicts with supervisors and conflicts with coworkers. One personal resource factor, i.e., individual resilience, was also considered in this paper. A “causal” chain that shows the mitigation impact of individual resilience on conflicts with supervisors or coworkers, and the adverse impact of conflicts with supervisors or coworkers, on unsafe events were found to hold true for both US and Canadian construction sites, based on the results from measurement invariance tests and structural equation modelling. Recommendations regarding how to improve construction workers’ individual resilience and reduce interpersonal conflicts on site, thereby reducing safety incidents on site, are provided.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Organizational and Individual Factors on Construction Safety)
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Open AccessArticle
Elevating Innovation: Unveiling the Twin Traction Method for a 50-Ton Load Capacity Elevator in Building and Construction Applications
by
Gi-Young Kim and Seung-Ho Jang
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1244; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051244 - 27 Apr 2024
Abstract
Most commercial elevators for buildings exceeding four stories use a cable-driven traction system. Typically, a single traction machine operates by hoisting the main cable on a traction sheave, thus vertically transporting the elevator car through rotational motion of the sheave. This research introduces
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Most commercial elevators for buildings exceeding four stories use a cable-driven traction system. Typically, a single traction machine operates by hoisting the main cable on a traction sheave, thus vertically transporting the elevator car through rotational motion of the sheave. This research introduces a groundbreaking advancement aimed at elevating loading capacity to an unprecedented 50 tons—the highest known in the world. The innovation involves the development of a twin traction system, wherein two traction machines collaborate to lift the elevator. This novel elevator system has demonstrated remarkable capabilities, showcasing the ability to transport up to 300 passengers in a single trip. The installation of this high-capacity elevator system has yielded substantial improvements in construction work efficiency and safety protocols, particularly in scenarios where cranes are traditionally used. The newly developed elevator could lift 50 tons of equipment 60 times a day, whereas the crane was limited to 8 times. The positive impact on labor is also noteworthy, with increased safety and health considerations, especially in adverse weather conditions. By eliminating the need for manual stair climbing, the well-being of the workforce is prioritized. Furthermore, the heightened productivity resulting from a significant reduction in wait times for conventional elevators is a key outcome of this transformative technology. This research not only unveils a groundbreaking twin traction system but also highlights its multifaceted features in enhancing efficiency, safety, and overall productivity in various industries.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Construction Management, and Computers & Digitization)
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Open AccessArticle
Construction Price Index Prediction through ARMA with Inflation Effect: Case of Thailand Construction Industry
by
Ahsen Maqsoom, Lapyote Prasittisopin, Muhammad Ali Musarat, Fahim Ullah and Fahad K. Alqahtani
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051243 - 27 Apr 2024
Abstract
Over-budgeting due to inflation is a common phenomenon in the construction industry of both developed and developing countries. Inflation, with time changes, leaves an adverse effect on the project budget. Hence, this study aims to focus on the construction price index (CPI) behavior
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Over-budgeting due to inflation is a common phenomenon in the construction industry of both developed and developing countries. Inflation, with time changes, leaves an adverse effect on the project budget. Hence, this study aims to focus on the construction price index (CPI) behavior and inspect its correlation with inflation in Thailand’s construction industry as there has not been much work performed. The prediction of CPI was made from 2024 to 2028, relying on the data set from 2000 to 2023. The relationship between inflation and CPI categories helps in prediction by considering inflation as the independent variable and CPI (All Commodities, Lumber and Wood Products, Cement, and Iron Products) as the dependent variable that was incorporated in EViews to perform automated ARIMA forecasting. The correlation results show that out of four CPI, only Iron Products showed a significant relationship with inflation. For All Commodities, Lumber, and Wood Products, the predicted values were fluctuating, while for Cement and Iron Products, a clear seasonal pattern was observed. This prediction gives a direction to construction industry practitioners to make necessary adjustments to their budget estimation before signing the contract to overcome cost overrun obstruction.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Construction Management and Engineering: Residential Construction with Focus on Life Cycle of Buildings and Costs)
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Open AccessArticle
Adoption of Green Mark Criteria toward Construction Management Sustainability
by
Hai Chien Pham, Vu Hong Son Pham and Trong Kich Than
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1242; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051242 - 27 Apr 2024
Abstract
Sustainable construction plays a significant role in developing countries. However, the adoption of sustainable buildings has faced diverse challenges. Therefore, this research investigates the benefits and challenges of adopting the Green Mark in green building projects. After a literature review and a pilot
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Sustainable construction plays a significant role in developing countries. However, the adoption of sustainable buildings has faced diverse challenges. Therefore, this research investigates the benefits and challenges of adopting the Green Mark in green building projects. After a literature review and a pilot study with construction experts, an industry-wide survey was conducted to collect 148 valid responses. The data were analyzed in depth, with 24 barriers and 10 benefits, using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software. After this, the collected data were analyzed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to prioritize critical factors. The preliminary findings revealed significant practical implications and offered valuable insights to support the adoption of Green Mark criteria for construction management sustainability. Furthermore, practical solutions were proposed to foster the widespread adoption of green buildings toward sustainable construction in the future.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Influencing Factors of Construction Management Sustainability)
Open AccessArticle
Advancing Urban Building Energy Modeling: Building Energy Simulations for Three Commercial Building Stocks through Archetype Development
by
Md. Uzzal Hossain, Isabella Cicco and Melissa M. Bilec
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1241; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051241 - 27 Apr 2024
Abstract
Urban building energy models (UBEMs), developed to understand the energy performance of building stocks of a region, can aid in key decisions related to energy policy and climate change solutions. However, creating a city-scale UBEM is challenging due to the requirements of diverse
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Urban building energy models (UBEMs), developed to understand the energy performance of building stocks of a region, can aid in key decisions related to energy policy and climate change solutions. However, creating a city-scale UBEM is challenging due to the requirements of diverse geometric and non-geometric datasets. Thus, we aimed to further elucidate the process of creating a UBEM with disparate and scarce data based on a bottom-up, physics-based approach. We focused on three typically overlooked but functionally important commercial building stocks, which are sales and shopping, healthcare facilities, and food sales and services, in the region of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. We harvested relevant local building information and employed photogrammetry and image processing. We created archetypes for key building types, designed 3D buildings with SketchUp, and performed an energy analysis using EnergyPlus. The average annual simulated energy use intensities (EUIs) were 528 kWh/m2, 822 kWh/m2, and 2894 kWh/m2 for sales and shopping, healthcare facilities, and food sales and services, respectively. In addition to variations found in the simulated energy use pattern among the stocks, considerable variations were observed within buildings of the same stock. About 9% and 11% errors were observed for sales and shopping and healthcare facilities when validating the simulated results with the actual data. The suggested energy conservation measures could reduce the annual EUI by 10–26% depending on the building use type. The UBEM results can assist in finding energy-efficient retrofit solutions with respect to the energy and carbon reduction goal for commercial building stocks at the city scale. The limitations highlighted may be considered for higher accuracy, and the UBEM has a high potential to integrate with urban climate and energy models, circular economy, and life cycle assessment for sustainable urban planning.
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(This article belongs to the Section Construction Management, and Computers & Digitization)
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Open AccessArticle
Research on Optimization Strategy of Commercial Street Spatial Vitality Based on Pedestrian Trajectories
by
Jinjiang Zhang, Wenyu Zhou, Haitao Lian and Ranran Hu
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1240; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051240 - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Commercial pedestrian streets significantly enhance urban life. Previous research often depends on limited survey data or subjective evaluations, which fail to fully capture the impact of street elements on spatial vitality under diverse spatiotemporal conditions. This study, conducted in Beijing’s Sanlitun commercial district,
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Commercial pedestrian streets significantly enhance urban life. Previous research often depends on limited survey data or subjective evaluations, which fail to fully capture the impact of street elements on spatial vitality under diverse spatiotemporal conditions. This study, conducted in Beijing’s Sanlitun commercial district, analyzes pedestrian data from six branch roads collected via WiFi detection to determine how various spatial elements influence the vibrancy of commercial pedestrian streets. The results show a positive correlation between street width, ranging from 5.88 to 10.83 m, and vitality. Furthermore, the influence of different street elements on vitality varies notably. During the daytime, street width is the most effective element for enhancing vitality, with a maximum standardized coefficient of 1.717. However, at night, the associations between advertising area, store type, and vitality diminish. The street recording the highest nighttime vitality peaked at a pedestrian count of 91.7831. The contribution of street width to enhancing nighttime vitality is 2.49 times greater than at noon on non-working days, 2.01 times more than on working days, and 2.92 times higher than the impact of tables and chairs. Therefore, street design should prioritize street width, ground floor interface permeability, number of tables and chairs, store density, advertising area, and store type.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Biophilic Cities and Communities: Towards Natural Resources, Environmental and Social Sustainability)
Open AccessArticle
Adaptive Vibration Monitoring of Railway Track Structures Using the UWFBG by the Identification of Train-Load Patterns
by
Jiahui Chen, Qiuyi Li, Shijie Zhang, Chao Lin and Shiyin Wei
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1239; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051239 - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Due to the capability of multiplexing thousands of sensors on a single optical cable, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) vibration sensing technology has been utilized in monitoring the vibration response of large-scale infrastructures, particularly urban railway tracks, and the volume of the collected
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Due to the capability of multiplexing thousands of sensors on a single optical cable, ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) vibration sensing technology has been utilized in monitoring the vibration response of large-scale infrastructures, particularly urban railway tracks, and the volume of the collected monitoring data can be huge with the great number of sensors. Even though the train-induced vibration responses of urban railway tracks constitute the most informative and crucial component, they comprised less than 7% of the total operational period. This is mainly attributed to the temporal sparsity of commuting trains. Consequently, the majority of the stored data consisted of low-informative environmental noise and interference excitation data, leading to an inefficient structural health monitoring (SHM) system. To address this issue, this paper introduced an adaptive monitoring strategy for railway track structures, which is capable of identifying train-load patterns by leveraging deep learning techniques. Inspired by image semantic segmentation, a U-net model with one-dimensional convolution layers (U-net-1D) was developed for the pointwise classification of vibration monitoring data. The proposed model was trained and validated using a dataset obtained from an actual urban railway track in China. Results indicated that the proposed method outperforms the traditional dual-threshold method, achieving an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 94.27% on the segmentation task of the test dataset.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Structural Health Monitoring)
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