Artificial Intelligence Advances for Medical Computer-Aided Diagnosis—2nd Edition

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 436

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Artificial Intelligence, College of Software and Convergence Technology, Daeyang AI Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Interests: image classification; image segmentation; medical image processing; biomedical optical imaging; medical signal processing; artificial intelligence; deep learning; machine learning; computer-aided diagnosis; explainable artificial intelligence
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system involves various stages such as detection, segmentation and classification. Over the last few decades, computer-aided diagnosis systems have become a part of clinical practice. They have the potential to assist clinicians in daily diagnostic tasks. The image processing techniques are fast, repeatable and robust, which helps physicians detect, classify, segment and measure various structures. Medical experts rely on medical imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), microscopic blood smear images, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray and ultrasound (US) to diagnose health challenges and assign treatment prescriptions. Researchers and developers are able to deliver smart solutions for medical imaging diagnoses thanks to the AI-based potential functionalities of machine learning and deep learning technologies.

In this Special Issue, we will cover original articles, short communication and reviews related to various deep learning techniques and computer-aided diagnoses for biomedical systems. We invite all potential authors to submit their research contributions to explore the possible methodologies and techniques for the healthcare environment.

This Special Issue is dedicated to high-quality, original research papers in the overlapping fields of the following:

AI-based medical image diagnosis;

Medical deep learning CAD systems;

XAI-based medical imaging;

Medical image/bio-signal analysis;

Medical image segmentation;

Medical image segmentation;

Hybrid medical knowledge generation;

Deep reinforcement learning;

Healthcare systems;

AI-based prognosis and recommendations.

Dr. Mugahed A. Al-antari
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • image classification
  • image segmentation
  • medical image processing
  • biomedical optical imaging
  • medical signal processing
  • artificial intelligence
  • deep learning
  • machine learning
  • computer-aided diagnosis
  • explainable artificial intelligence

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 12366 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Accuracy in Breast Density Assessment Using Deep Learning: A Multicentric, Multi-Reader Study
by Marek Biroš, Daniel Kvak, Jakub Dandár, Robert Hrubý, Eva Janů, Anora Atakhanova and Mugahed A. Al-antari
Diagnostics 2024, 14(11), 1117; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14111117 - 28 May 2024
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Abstract
The evaluation of mammographic breast density, a critical indicator of breast cancer risk, is traditionally performed by radiologists via visual inspection of mammography images, utilizing the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) breast density categories. However, this method is subject to substantial interobserver [...] Read more.
The evaluation of mammographic breast density, a critical indicator of breast cancer risk, is traditionally performed by radiologists via visual inspection of mammography images, utilizing the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) breast density categories. However, this method is subject to substantial interobserver variability, leading to inconsistencies and potential inaccuracies in density assessment and subsequent risk estimations. To address this, we present a deep learning-based automatic detection algorithm (DLAD) designed for the automated evaluation of breast density. Our multicentric, multi-reader study leverages a diverse dataset of 122 full-field digital mammography studies (488 images in CC and MLO projections) sourced from three institutions. We invited two experienced radiologists to conduct a retrospective analysis, establishing a ground truth for 72 mammography studies (BI-RADS class A: 18, BI-RADS class B: 43, BI-RADS class C: 7, BI-RADS class D: 4). The efficacy of the DLAD was then compared to the performance of five independent radiologists with varying levels of experience. The DLAD showed robust performance, achieving an accuracy of 0.819 (95% CI: 0.736–0.903), along with an F1 score of 0.798 (0.594–0.905), precision of 0.806 (0.596–0.896), recall of 0.830 (0.650–0.946), and a Cohen’s Kappa (κ) of 0.708 (0.562–0.841). The algorithm achieved robust performance that matches and in four cases exceeds that of individual radiologists. The statistical analysis did not reveal a significant difference in accuracy between DLAD and the radiologists, underscoring the model’s competitive diagnostic alignment with professional radiologist assessments. These results demonstrate that the deep learning-based automatic detection algorithm can enhance the accuracy and consistency of breast density assessments, offering a reliable tool for improving breast cancer screening outcomes. Full article
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