Wavelet Packet Singular Entropy-Based Method for Damage Identification in Curved Continuous Girder Bridges under Seismic Excitations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fundamentals
2.1. Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT)
2.2. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
2.3. Information Entropy (IE)
3. Algorithm for Damage Identification
3.1. Damage Indices
3.2. Procedure of Damage Identification
- Step 1:
- Measure the dynamic responses of the investigated CCGB subject to an earthquake excitation, along with consideration of the least favorable input angle and specific sensor arrangement.
- Step 2:
- Calculate the value of damage index after completion of the following preparatory work:
- (a)
- determine the appropriate effective structural dynamic responses from measuring various types of responses in different directions;
- (b)
- select the optimal wavelet parameters used in WPT, including wavelet basic function and decomposition level;
- (c)
- choose the dominant order of singular values in calculating WPSE to eliminate the influence of noise.
- Step 3:
- Identify damage in CCGBs with the constructed warning curve according to .
4. Damage Model of CCGB
4.1. Finite Element Model
4.2. Seismic Damage Scenarios
4.3. Seismic Excitation
4.4. Sensor Arrangement
5. Identification of Damage in CCGB
5.1. Effective Seismic Responses
5.2. Optimal Wavelet Packet Parameters
5.3. Effectiveness
6. Discussions
6.1. Comparison with Wavelet Packet Energy-Based Method
6.2. Effect of Seismic Excitation
6.3. Robustness against Noise
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Damage Type | Damage Severity | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | 0% | 0.01% | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | 25% | 30% | 35% | |
1 | ☆ | ||||||||||
2 | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ||||||||
3 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
4 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
5 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
6 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
7 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
8 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
9 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
10 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
11 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
12 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
13 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
14 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
15 | ☆ | ☆ | |||||||||
16 | ☆ | ☆ |
Damage | MRR (%) | ADW (%) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scenario | SNR (dB) | SNR (dB) | ||||||||||
No. | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 |
3 | 32.40 | 15.00 | 4.80 | 1.60 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 92.75 | 98.00 | 99.26 | 99.59 | 99.90 | 100.00 |
4 | 9.80 | 3.70 | 1.20 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 94.90 | 98.23 | 99.49 | 99.60 | 99.80 | 100.00 |
5 | 6.10 | 1.80 | 1.10 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 95.21 | 99.39 | 99.80 | 99.80 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
6 | 3.90 | 1.10 | 0.70 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 95.84 | 99.29 | 99.50 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
7 | 2.10 | 0.90 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 96.53 | 99.39 | 99.70 | 99.80 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
8 | 1.40 | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 96.75 | 99.30 | 99.60 | 99.90 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
9 | 1.50 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 96.95 | 98.90 | 99.50 | 99.90 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
10 | 2.90 | 1.40 | 0.60 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 65.81 | 87.93 | 95.88 | 98.40 | 99.60 | 99.80 |
11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 74.50 | 90.70 | 96.70 | 98.90 | 99.90 | 99.90 |
12 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 80.80 | 93.80 | 98.10 | 99.10 | 99.90 | 100.00 |
13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 82.10 | 93.80 | 98.10 | 99.40 | 100.00 | 99.90 |
14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 82.90 | 94.10 | 97.70 | 99.20 | 99.90 | 100.00 |
15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 85.80 | 94.80 | 98.00 | 99.40 | 99.90 | 100.00 |
16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 86.10 | 94.70 | 98.10 | 99.40 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Damage | MA | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scenario | SNR (dB) | |||||
No. | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 |
3 | 0.627 | 0.833 | 0.945 | 0.980 | 0.996 | 0.998 |
4 | 0.856 | 0.946 | 0.983 | 0.992 | 0.997 | 1.000 |
5 | 0.894 | 0.976 | 0.987 | 0.994 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
6 | 0.921 | 0.982 | 0.988 | 1.000 | 0.999 | 1.000 |
7 | 0.945 | 0.985 | 0.994 | 0.998 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
8 | 0.954 | 0.988 | 0.993 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
9 | 0.955 | 0.985 | 0.994 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
10 | 0.639 | 0.867 | 0.953 | 0.982 | 0.996 | 0.998 |
11 | 0.745 | 0.907 | 0.967 | 0.989 | 0.999 | 0.999 |
12 | 0.808 | 0.938 | 0.981 | 0.991 | 0.999 | 1.000 |
13 | 0.821 | 0.938 | 0.981 | 0.994 | 1.000 | 0.999 |
14 | 0.829 | 0.941 | 0.977 | 0.992 | 0.999 | 1.000 |
15 | 0.858 | 0.948 | 0.980 | 0.994 | 0.999 | 1.000 |
16 | 0.861 | 0.947 | 0.981 | 0.994 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
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Share and Cite
Li, D.; Cao, M.; Deng, T.; Zhang, S. Wavelet Packet Singular Entropy-Based Method for Damage Identification in Curved Continuous Girder Bridges under Seismic Excitations. Sensors 2019, 19, 4272. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194272
Li D, Cao M, Deng T, Zhang S. Wavelet Packet Singular Entropy-Based Method for Damage Identification in Curved Continuous Girder Bridges under Seismic Excitations. Sensors. 2019; 19(19):4272. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194272
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Dayang, Maosen Cao, Tongfa Deng, and Shixiang Zhang. 2019. "Wavelet Packet Singular Entropy-Based Method for Damage Identification in Curved Continuous Girder Bridges under Seismic Excitations" Sensors 19, no. 19: 4272. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194272