SAR Observation and Modeling of Gap Winds in the Prince William Sound of Alaska
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. SAR observed Gap winds in Valdez and Wells Passage
3. RAMS simulation
3.1 Model description
3.2 Simulation of the 18 Feb 2007 case
3.3 Simulation of the 7 Mar 2007 case
4. Discussion
4.1 Barrier jet enhancement
4.2 Katabatic winds in the Valdez Arm
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
- Babin, S.M.; Sikora, T.D.; Winstead, N.S. A case study of satellite synthetic aperture radar signatures of spatially evolving atmospheric convection over the Western Atlantic Ocean. Bound.-Layer Meteor. 2003, 106, 527–546. [Google Scholar]
- Colle, B.A.; Mass, C.F. High-Resolution observations and numerical simulations of easterly gap flow through the Strait of Juan de Fuca on 9-10 December 1995. Mon. Wea. Rev. 2000, 128, 2398–2422. [Google Scholar]
- Cotton, W.R.; Thompson, G.; Mielke, P.W. Real-time mesoscale prediction on workstations. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 1994, 75, 349–362. [Google Scholar]
- Doran, J.C.; Zhang, S. Thermally driven gap winds into the Mexico City basin. J. Appl. Meteor. 2000, 39, 1330–1340. [Google Scholar]
- Doyle, J.D. The influence of mesoscale orography on a coastal jet and rainband. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1997, 125, 1493–1513. [Google Scholar]
- Fisher, C.M.; Young, G.S.; Winstead, N.S.; Haqq-Misra, J.D. Comparison of synthetic aperture radar-derived wind speeds with buoy wind speeds along the mountainous Alaska coast. J. Appl. Meteorol. 2008, 47, 1365–1376. [Google Scholar]
- Jackson, C.R.; Apel, J.R. 2004: Synthetic aperture radar marine user's guide; NOAA Publication, 2004. [Google Scholar]
- Jackson, P.L.; Steyn, D.G. Gap winds in a Fjord Part I: observation and numerical simulation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1994, 122, 2645–2665. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, H.; Olsson, P.Q.; Volz, K.P.; Yi, H. A climatology of mesoscale model simulated Low-Level wind jets over Cook Inlet and Shelikof Strait, Alaska. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 2006, 70, 551–566. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, H.; Olsson, P.Q.; Volz, K.P.; Yi, H. RAMS simulated and SAR observated flow interactions in the Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. Preprints; In 14th Conf. on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere, and 14th Con. On Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography; Atlanta, GA; Amer. Meteoro. Soc., CD-ROM; JP1.11; 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Loescher, K.; Young, A.G.; Colle, B.A.; Winstead, N.S. Climatology of barrier jets along the Alaskan coast. Part I: Spatial and temporal distributions. Mon. Wea. Rev. 2006, 134, 437–453. [Google Scholar]
- Macklin, S.A.; Lackmann, G.M.; Gray, J. Offshore-directed winds in the vicinity of Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1988, 116, 1289–1301. [Google Scholar]
- Macklin, S.A.; Bond, N.A.; Walker, J.P. Structure of a Low-Level jet over Cook Inlet, Alaska. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1990, 118, 2568–2578. [Google Scholar]
- Monaldo, F. The Alaska SAR demonstration and near-real-time synthetic aperture radar winds; Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, 2000; Volume 21, 1, pp. 75–79. [Google Scholar]
- Monaldo, F.; Thompson, D.R.; Clemente-Colon, P. A systematic comparison of QuickCAT and SAR ocean surface wind speeds. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2004, 42, 283–291. [Google Scholar]
- Olsson, P.Q.; Volz, K.P.; Yi, H. Numerical simulations of coastal wind events in the North Gulf of Alaska. preprints. 10th Conference on Mesoscale Processes. Amer, Meteor. Soc., Portland, Oregon, 23-27 June 2003.
- Overland, J.E. Scale analysis of marine winds in straits and along mountainous coasts. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1984, 112, 2530–2534. [Google Scholar]
- Pan, F.; Smith, R. Gap winds and wakes: SAR observations and numerical simulations. J. Atmos. Sci. 1999, 56, 905–923. [Google Scholar]
- Parish, T.R. Barrier winds along the Sierra Nevada Mountains. J. Appl. Meteor. 1982, 21, 925–930. [Google Scholar]
- Pielke, R.A.; Cotton, W.R.; Walko, R.L.; Tremback, C.J.; Lyons, W.A.; Grasso, L.D.; Nicholls, M.E.; Moran, M.D.; Wesley, D.A.; Lee, T.J.; Copeland, J.H. A comprehensive meteorological modeling system—RAMS. Meteor. Atmos. Phys. 1992, 49, 69–91. [Google Scholar]
- Sandvik, A.D.; Furevik, B.R. Case study of a coastal jet at Spitsbergen—comparison of SAR- and Model-estimated wind. Mon. Wea. Rev. 2002, 130, 1040–1051. [Google Scholar]
- Sikora, T.D.; Friedman, K.S.; Pichel, W.G.; Clemente-Colon, P. Synthetic aperture radar as a tool for investigating polar mesoscale cyclones. Wea. Forecasting 2000, 21, 109–115. [Google Scholar]
- Skinner, S.K.; Reilly, W.K. The EXXON VALDEZ Oil Spill; The National Response Team, 1989. [Google Scholar]
- Steenburgh, W.J.; Schultz, D.M.; Colle, B.A. The structure and evolution of gap outflow over the gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexio. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1998, 126, 2673–2691. [Google Scholar]
- Winstead, N.S.; Colle, B.; Bond, N.; Young, G.; Olson, J.; Loescher, K.; Monaldo, F.; Thompson, D.; Pichel, W.G. Using SAR romote sensing, field observations, and models to better understand coastal flows in the Gulf of Alaska. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 2006, 87, 787–800. [Google Scholar]
- Young, G.S.; Winstead, N.S. Meteorological phenomena in High Resolution SAR wind imagery. In High Resolution Wind Monitoring with Wide Swath SAR: A User's Guide; Beal, R.C., Ed.; NOAA Publication, 2005; pp. 13–31. [Google Scholar]
- Young, G.S.; Sikora, T.D.; Winstead, N.S. Use of Synthetic aperture radar in fine-scale surface analysis of synoptic-scale fronts at sea. Wea. Forecasting 2005, 20, 311–327. [Google Scholar]
- Whiteman, C.D. Mountain Meteorology.; Oxford University Press: New York, 2000. [Google Scholar]
© 2008 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Share and Cite
Liu, H.; Olsson, P.Q.; Volz, K. SAR Observation and Modeling of Gap Winds in the Prince William Sound of Alaska. Sensors 2008, 8, 4894-4914. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8084894
Liu H, Olsson PQ, Volz K. SAR Observation and Modeling of Gap Winds in the Prince William Sound of Alaska. Sensors. 2008; 8(8):4894-4914. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8084894
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Haibo, Peter Q Olsson, and Karl Volz. 2008. "SAR Observation and Modeling of Gap Winds in the Prince William Sound of Alaska" Sensors 8, no. 8: 4894-4914. https://doi.org/10.3390/s8084894