Effects of Trehalose Preconditioning on H9C2 Cell Viability and Autophagy Activation in a Model of Donation after Circulatory Death for Heart Transplantation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. Assessment of Cellular Toxicity for Trehalose and Chloroquine
2.3. Protocol of a Cellular DCD Model and Trehalose Treatments
2.4. Validation of Oxygen Concentrations and pH in Different Solutions
2.5. Assessment of Cell Viability in the DCD Model
2.6. Assessment of Cell Viability after Using Chloroquine, an Autophagy Inhibitor
2.7. Analysis of Autophagy Flux
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cellular Toxicity of Trehalose
3.2. Effects of Trehalose Treatments on Cell Viability in the DCD Model
3.3. Cell Viability after Trehalose Using Autophagy Inhibitor, Chloroquine
3.4. Autophagy Flux in Trehalose Preconditioning
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Solutions | Oxygen Concentrations | Decrease Rate (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Before Hypoxia | After Hypoxia | ||
DMEM (37 °C) | 1.61 μL/mL | 0.68 μL/mL | 58 |
PBS (37 °C) | 6.20 mL/L | 2.30 mL/L | 63 |
PBS (4 °C) | 14.60 mg/L | 7.18 mg/L | 51 |
Solutions | pH | Decrease | |
---|---|---|---|
Before | After | ||
DMEM (37 °C, 30 min hypoxia) | 8.18 | 7.80 | 0.38 |
PBS (37 °C, 30 min hypoxia) | 7.41 | 6.74 | 0.67 |
ST2 (4 °C, 1 h hypoxia) | 7.89 | 6.92 | 0.97 |
DMEM (37 °C, 30 min normoxia) | 8.20 | 8.03 | 0.17 |
DMEM (37 °C, 1 h normoxia) | 8.35 | 8.01 | 0.34 |
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Gao, J.; Shingu, Y.; Wakasa, S. Effects of Trehalose Preconditioning on H9C2 Cell Viability and Autophagy Activation in a Model of Donation after Circulatory Death for Heart Transplantation. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46, 3353-3363. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46040210
Gao J, Shingu Y, Wakasa S. Effects of Trehalose Preconditioning on H9C2 Cell Viability and Autophagy Activation in a Model of Donation after Circulatory Death for Heart Transplantation. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2024; 46(4):3353-3363. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46040210
Chicago/Turabian StyleGao, Jingwen, Yasushige Shingu, and Satoru Wakasa. 2024. "Effects of Trehalose Preconditioning on H9C2 Cell Viability and Autophagy Activation in a Model of Donation after Circulatory Death for Heart Transplantation" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, no. 4: 3353-3363. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46040210