Spatial Distribution of Underweight, Overweight and Obesity among Women and Children: Results from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Anthropometric Measures
2.3. Explanatory Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Spatial Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Risk Analysis
Variables | Normal/Underweight | % | Overweight/Obese | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sample population | 1,951 | 81 | 469 | 19 |
Residence | ||||
Urban | 522 | 68 | 248 | 32 |
Rural | 1,429 | 87 | 221 | 13 |
Wealth class * | ||||
Low | 780 | 94 | 53 | 6 |
Medium | 335 | 87 | 51 | 13 |
High | 836 | 70 | 365 | 30 |
Education * | ||||
None | 291 | 87 | 45 | 13 |
Primary | 1,131 | 84 | 217 | 16 |
Secondary | 435 | 75 | 141 | 25 |
Above secondary | 94 | 59 | 66 | 41 |
Children’s BMI percentile category | 951 | 86 | 148 | 13 |
Variables | Coefficients | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mothers (N = 2,420) | SE | Children (N = 1,099) | SE | |
Maternal BMI | 0.015 *** | 0.004 | ||
Age | 0.044 *** | 0.010 | 0.038 ** | 0.012 |
Marital status: ever married | 1.002 *** | 0.21 | ||
Residence: urban | 1.079 *** | 0.19 | ||
Maternal education level | 0.054 *** | 0.022 | −0.003 | 0.003 |
Wealth class: medium | 0.75 *** | 0.24 | ||
Wealth class: high | 1.61 *** | 0.23 | ||
Cash crop producing region: yes | 0.75 | 0.18 | ||
Conflict prone region: yes | −0.81 | 0.23 | ||
Intercept | 18.61 *** | 0.31 | −0.003 | 0.003 |
R2 | 18.17% | 4.52% |
Variables | Underweight | Overweight and obese | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Log odds ratio (SE) | Odds ratio [95% CI] | Log odds ratio (SE) | Odds ratio [95% CI] | |
Age | 0.022 (0.011) | 1.022 [1.000,1.045] | 0.044 *** (0.0075) | 1.045 *** [1.030,1.052] |
Marital status: evermarried | −0.66 ** (0.25) | 0.512 ** [0.32, 0.84] | 0.36 * (0.17) | 1.43 * [1.034, 1.98] |
Residence: urban | 0.0029 (0.27) | 1.003 [0.59,1.69] | 0.56 *** (0.14) | 1.76 *** [1.34, 2.29] |
Education level | −0.028 (0.028) | 0.97 [0.92, 1.027] | 0.031 * (0.016) | 1.032 * [1.001, 1.063] |
Wealth class: medium | −0.89 ** (0.27) | 0.41 ** [0.24, 0.69] | 0.34 (0.23) | 1.41 [0.89, 2.19] |
Wealth class: high | −0.92 *** (0.26) | 0.39 *** [0.24,0.66] | 1.079 *** (0.19) | 2.94 *** [1.99,4.35] |
Cash crop producing region: yes | −0.32 (0.22) | 0.72 [0.47, 1.11] | 0.23 (0.13) | 1.26 [0.97, 1.62] |
Conflict prone region: yes | 0.17 (0.22) | 1.19 [0.78, 1.81] | −0.73 ** (0.24) | 0.48 ** [0.29, 0.78] |
Intercept | −1.72 *** (0.35) | −3.98 *** (0.28) |
3.2. Spatial Analysis Results
3.3. Discussion
3.4. Strengths and Limitations
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Turi, K.N.; Christoph, M.J.; Grigsby-Toussaint, D.S. Spatial Distribution of Underweight, Overweight and Obesity among Women and Children: Results from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, 4967-4981. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104967
Turi KN, Christoph MJ, Grigsby-Toussaint DS. Spatial Distribution of Underweight, Overweight and Obesity among Women and Children: Results from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2013; 10(10):4967-4981. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104967
Chicago/Turabian StyleTuri, Kedir N., Mary J. Christoph, and Diana S. Grigsby-Toussaint. 2013. "Spatial Distribution of Underweight, Overweight and Obesity among Women and Children: Results from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10, no. 10: 4967-4981. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104967